1940

(My original has many pictures and illustrations.  Please excuse this installment until I am able to complete it.)

1940         1940         1940         1940

1940 Posters:

1. 2. 3. 4.

1.” Victory is with our Flags.” 650,000 copies were distributed.

2. The figure in black, the “coal thief,” was the symbol of wasted energy.

3.” The enemy sees your light! Black out!”

4. “Youth Serves the Führer. All 10-year-olds into the Hitler Youth.”

In 1940, Graeme K. Howard, Vice President of General Motors, published “America and a New World Order”, in which he advised that America give full cooperation to the Nazi regime.  In his book he blames FDR for causing the war in Europe and goes on to say that the fascists should be supported as the better alternative to the spread of Communism.  For example the author states: "The totalitarian nations of Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain and Russia had a definite quarrel with England and France.  So did Japan have a quarrel with the concession powers in China.  These nations have no quarrel with the United States other than the quarrel which we ourselves wish to initiate."

 Werner Goldberg (10/3, 1919 – 9/28, 2004) was a German who was of part Jewish ancestry, or Mischling in Nazi terminology, whose image appeared in a German newspaper as "The Ideal German Soldier".  Shortly after the beginning of the War, Werner's photograph appeared in the Sunday edition of the Berliner Tageblatt newspaper with the caption "The Ideal German Soldier"; the photograph had been sold to the newspaper by the official army photographer.  It was later used on recruitment posters.

 (looks Jew) Friedrich Meinecke (10/20, 1862 – 2/6, 1954) was a liberal German historian, probably the most famous German historian of his generation.  Meinecke was best known for his work on 18th-19th century German intellectual and cultural history, much of his work concerns the conflict between Kratos (power) and Ethos (morality), and how to achieve a balance between the two.  During First World War he supported German colonists in certain (later) Polish and Latvian areas.  Under the Third Reich, he had some sympathy for the regime, especially in regard to its early anti-semitic laws.  Meinecke's best known book, (The German Catastrophe) of 1946, sees the historian attempting to reconcile his lifelong belief in authoritarian state power with the disastrous events of War.  British historian E. H. Carr cites him as an example of a historian whose views are heavily influenced by the zeitgeist: liberal during the German Empire, discouraged during the interwar period, and deeply pessimistic after World War II.

Friedrich Stieve (2/4 or 10/14, 1884 - 1966) was a German writer, historian and diplomat during WWI and through WWII.  Stieve also was a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin .  Stieve, was a much-published German author long before the ascent of National-Socialism in Germany.  During the National-Socialist period Stieve produced several books on German history.  “What the World Rejected: Hitler's Peace Offers 1933-1939” Among the interesting points made here is that Hitler had offered a non-aggression pact to France three years before he offered it to the Soviet Union.  There were only two ways to make Germany secure from military encirclement and the threat of a two-front war: a pact with France or with the U.S.S.R.  French intransigence forced Hitler to take the latter option.

 Hendrik Willem van Loon (1/14, 1882 – 3/11, 1944) was a Dutch-American historian and journalist.  From the 1910s until his death, Van Loon wrote many books, illustrating them himself.  Known among these is “The Story of Mankind”, a history of the world, which won the first Newbery Medal in 1922.  After van Loon's unfaithfulness ended his marriage to Eliza Bowditch, he wed Eliza Helen "Jimmie" Criswell in 1920 and then playwright Frances Goodrich Ames in 1927.  After his divorce from Ames he returned to Criswell, albeit pursuing other women from time to time.  An avowed skeptic, van Loon left the Resurrection out of his subsequent “The Story of the Bible”, 1923.  As ("Uncle Hank") he broadcast anti-Nazi speeches to Holland during the Second World War.  He also assisted Jew refugees.  In 1942 he was knighted by Queen Wilhelmina for his contribution to the Dutch resistance.  Van Loon participated in Franklin Delano Roosevelt's 1940 presidential campaign.  Roosevelt considered him "a true and trusted friend," and admired van Loon's Our Battle—Being One Man's Answer to "My Battle" by Adolf Hitler, 1938, in which he exhorted Americans to fight totalitarianism.

The Alien Registration Act or Smith Act of 1940 is a statute that made it a criminal offense for anyone to “knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise or teach the duty, necessity, desirability or propriety of overthrowing the Government of the US or of any State by force or violence, or for anyone to organize any association which teaches, advises or encourages such an overthrow, or for anyone to become a member of or to affiliate with any such association.”  It also required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the government; within four months, 4,741,971 aliens had registered under the Act's provisions.  The Act is best known for its use against political organizations and figures, mostly on the left.  From 1941 to 1957, hundreds of socialists were prosecuted under the Smith Act.  The first trial, in 1941, focused on Trotskyists, the second trial in 1944 prosecuted alleged fascists and, beginning in 1949, leaders and members of the Communist Party USA were targeted.  Prosecutions continued until a series of Supreme Court decisions in 1957 threw out numerous convictions under the Smith Act as unconstitutional. The statute itself, however, had not been removed from the books as of early-middle April 2008.

Henry Francis Montgomery Stuart (1902–2000) was an Irish writer.  His novels have been described as having a thrusting modernist iconoclasm.  Pound and Stuart shared belief in the primacy of the artist and the way in which this belief lead Stuart to Nazi Germany and Pound to fascist Italy.  He was facilitating academic exchanges between Ireland and the Third Reich but also forming connections which might be of benefit to German Intelligence.  Stuart travelled to Germany in April 1939 and visited Munich, Hamburg, Bonn and Cologne.  At the completion of his lecture tour he accepted an appointment as lecturer in English and Irish literature at Berlin University to begin in 1940, two years after Jews had been barred from German universities by the Nazis' Nuremberg Laws.   He travelled alone to Nazi Germany, something that was possible because Ireland was neutral in the Second World War, and arrived in Berlin during January 1940.  Upon arrival he delivered the IRA message and had some discussion with the Abwehr on the conditions in Ireland and the fate of the IRA-Abwehr radio link.  Between March 1942 and January 1944 Stuart worked as part of the Redaktion-Irland ("Editorial Ireland" in English) team, reading radio broadcasts containing German propaganda which were aimed at and heard in Ireland.   He was dropped from the Redaktion-Irland team in January 1944 because he objected to the anti-Soviet material that was presented to him and deemed essential by his supervisors.  In his radio broadcasts he frequently spoke with admiration of Hitler and expressed the hope that Germany would help unite Ireland.   "I have heard something of the Jewish activities prior to 1933 here and in cooperation with the communists - they were in many instances appalling."  “Austria, in 1921, had been ruined by the war, and was far, far poorer than Ireland is today, for besides having no money she was overburdened with innumerable debts.  At that time Vienna was full of Jews, who controlled the banks and the factories and even a large part of the Government; the Austrians themselves seemed about to be driven out of their own city.” (Ireland for the Irish.)

 Seán Russell (1893 – 8/14, 1940) was an Irish republican who held senior positions in the IRA until the end of the Irish War of Independence.  In the United States Russell met with the director of Father Charles Coughlin's National Union for Social Justice.  In Berlin, Russell was informed of Operation Mainau, the plan to parachute Dr. Hermann Görtz into Ireland.  Ironically, at this time the British government secretly offered to end the partition of Ireland, Russell's main policy, if the Irish government would join the war against Germany and Italy.  The offer was refused and remained a secret until 1970.   Later Russell became ill during the journey and complained of stomach pains and died short of Galway.   Both Provisional Sinn Féin and Republican Sinn Féin continue to commemorate him as an Irish patriot.  (Ireland for the Irish.)

 John Henry Kirby (1860-1940) was a businessman whose ventures made him arguably the largest lumber manufacturer in Texas and the Southern US.  In addition to serving two terms in the Texas Legislature, he would also establish the Kirby Petroleum Company.  With his successful reputation, he would be known by his business peers as "The Prince of the Pines" and "The Father of Industrial Texas".  John Henry Kirby was considered a generous employer, but was also well known for his opposition to labor unions.  He also saw Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan for the working class a threat to American tradition.  He even went as far as help co-found the Southern Committee to Uphold the Constitution in direct opposition to FDR’s New Deal and contributed his money and energies to other anti-New Deal and pro-segregationist organizations.

 Heinrich Müller (4/28, 1900 -perhaps 5/1, 1945), AKA "Gestapo Müller", became head of the Gestapo (contraction of Geheime Staatspolizei: "Secret State Police"), the political police of Nazi Germany.  He was last seen in the Führerbunker in Berlin on May 1, 1945 and remains one of the few senior figures of the Nazi regime who was never captured or confirmed to have died.

After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Reinhard Heydrich as head of the Security Service (SD) recruited Müller and his staff into his organisation. He joined the SS in 1934.  By 1936, with Heydrich head of the Gestapo, Müller was its chief of operations.  Müller continued to rise quickly through the ranks of the SS: by 1939 he was a Gruppenführer (Major General).  In September 1939, when the Gestapo and other police organizations were consolidated under Heydrich into the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), Müller was chief of the RSHA "Amt IV" (Office or Dept. 4): the Gestapo.  To distinguish him from several other officials called Heinrich Müller (a very common German name), he became known as "Gestapo Müller".

As Gestapo chief of operations and later (after 1939) its chief, Müller played a leading role in the detection and suppression of all forms of resistance to the Nazi regime.  Under his leadership, the Gestapo succeeded in infiltrating and to a large extent destroying the underground networks of the Communist Party and the Social Democratic Party by the end of 1935.  He was also involved in the regime's policy towards the Jews, although Heinrich Himmler and Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels drove this area of policy.  Adolf Eichmann, headed the Gestapo's Office of Resettlement and then its Office of Jewish Affairs.  He was Müller's subordinate.  Reinhard Heydrich was Müller's direct superior until his assassination in 1942.  For the remainder of the war, Ernst Kaltenbrunner took over as Müller's superior.  During World War II, Müller was heavily involved in espionage and counter-espionage, particularly since the Nazi regime increasingly distrusted the military intelligence service—the Abwehr—which under Admiral Wilhelm Canaris was indeed a hotbed of activity for the German Resistance.  In 1942 he successfully infiltrated the "Red Orchestra" network of Soviet spies and used it to feed false information to the Soviet intelligence services.

Müller occupied a position in the Nazi hierarchy between Himmler, the overall head of the Nazi police apparatus and the chief architect of the plan of Jewish Emigration and Eichmann, the man entrusted with arranging the deportations of Jews to the eastern ghettoes and later emigration.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

****American Media (Jew owned) begins to manufacture propaganda and war atrocities. 

Time-Life mogul Henry Luce sets up a film and photo operation in Canada for newsreels. 

Jewish Walter Winchell and Jewish Drew Pearson inflame public opinion.

2/15, 1981 Jack Glenn, director of the popular 1940's newsreel series March of Time, died at age 76.  His obituary let slip an amazing revelation:     "As senior director for the popular movie house newsreel, he often created world events with actors and movie sets.  One such news feature film, Inside Nazi Germany, made in 1938, included footage of a "concentration camp" that was filmed on Staten Island with scores of New York City actors.  Much of the film's footage was shot within the borders of the Third Reich by a free-lance cameraman, but [Louis] Rochement [Glenn's producer] felt that the film had been censored by the German authorities and ordered Glenn to re-enact widely reported Nazi camp atrocities."  Millions of Americans watching the "news"-reels in their local theatres were convinced that they were seeing "the real thing." How many such images of "reality" that we see on a regular basis are actually the creation of movie magicians?  It is a fact that the Allies hired Hollywood directors to produce propaganda films after the war instead of using regular army film footage.                            David Irving writes: “SOME years ago a British television channel, BBC2 I think, featured an exposé on Glenn's The March of Time "documentaries."  Among the facts the British investigation revealed were that the famous scenes of SA Brownshirt thugs roughing up their enemies in the streets of Berlin and forcing Jews to scrub the streets in Vienna in 1938, of Japanese soldiers tossing babies in the air from their bayonets, and certain other atrocities, were hate-propaganda filmed in the backlots of Hollywood.  (This is not the same as saying that such things did not happen.)  Like much of the film footage produced from GPU (Soviet secret police) archives these shots are now indiscriminately used by modern television producers to flesh out their own documentaries.  They have duped the world's public for years, and done their own bit to ensure that the wheels of hatred keep churning.  … While researching my biography of Dr Joseph Goebbels -- no slouch when it came to film propaganda himself -- I found that British Intelligence had "re-enacted" the Nazi hangings of the July 20 assassins on piano wire -- using actors of course -- and had smuggled the film into Switzerland for secret viewings there.  All of this reminds me that the chief cameraman on Schindler's List explained in the German cinematographers' trade journal, a year or two after the film unsurprisingly scooped the Oscars, that the reason they had made the film in black-and-white was that in later years people will not be able to tell it apart from a documentary.  ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Jan 8, 1940 - Rationing begins in Britain.

There’s a myth now about the British hanging together in those dark days [of 1939-1941]. “London can take it,” Ed Murrow told America in his CBS broadcasts.  Actually, morale was appalling.  Most people correctly had little confidence in the competence of their government and thought Germany was going to win.  In the Channel Islands, which the Nazis did take over, the people greeted them hospitably and turned in Jews with zest. The British Ministry of Information employed 10,000 people to read people’s mail surreptitiously, intercepting about 200,000 letters a week, and discovered that people were deeply pessimistic and thought Churchill was “played out.”

 Thomas Mann (6/6, 1875 – 8/12, 1955) was a German novelist and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate.  His analysis and critique of the European and German soul used modernized German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Goethe, Nietzsche, and Schopenhauer.  Mann was a member of the Hanseatic Mann family, and portrayed his own family in the novel Buddenbrooks (1901).  His older brother was the radical writer Heinrich Mann, and three of his six children, Erika Mann, Klaus Mann and Golo Mann, also became important German writers.  When Hitler came to power in 1933, Mann fled to Switzerland. When World War II broke out in 1939, he emigrated to the United States, whence he returned to Switzerland in 1952.  Thomas Mann is one of the best-known exponents of the so-called Exilliteratur.  During World War I Mann supported Kaiser Wilhelm II's conservatism and attacked liberalism.  Yet in (1923), Mann called upon German intellectuals to support the new Weimar Republic.  In 1930 Mann spoke "An Appeal to Reason", in which he strongly denounced National Socialism. Mann was a socialist (communist).  But Thomas Mann's books, in contrast to those of his brother Heinrich and his son Klaus, were not among those burnt publicly by Hitler's regime in May 1933, possibly since he had been the Nobel laureate in literature for 1929.   During the war, Mann made a series of anti-Nazi radio-speeches.  They were taped in the USA and then sent to Great Britain, where the BBC transmitted them, hoping to reach German listeners.  Among his works: 1933–43 Joseph and His Brothers: 1933 The Tales of Jacob; 1934 The Young Joseph; 1936 Joseph in Egypt; 1943 Joseph the Provider.  Despite his evident (?) homosexual longings, Mann fell in love with Katia Pringsheim, daughter of a wealthy, secular Jewish industrialist family, whom he married in 1905. She later joined the Lutheran faith of her husband. The couple had six children.  All his children were Jewish by birth. 

His early diaries which cover the 1919-1922 calls the Jews—“Jewish scribblers,” “Jewish usury,” Jewish war profiteers, and Jewish leadership of the Red revolt.  He wrote a critical essay on the Jews, “Jewish Question” for a special issue of the Merkur in September, 1921.  Mann notes that he read the essay aloud to a convocation of family and friends and that only his Jewish wife strenuously objected.  The essay was modified and delivered but never published.  (Sounds like the typical Jewish woman who insinuates herself into a rich gentile family and changes it.)

Thomas Mann's War- Time Radio Speeches and the Genesis of the Mass Gassing Allegations by Thomas Kues - Inconvenient History: “... From 1940 to the end of the war Mann recorded a number of speeches in German which were sent to the BBC and broadcasted from London in order to reach German radio listeners ... As Mann proceeded to declare, the reports on mass killings of Jews were not simply "stories", but history in the making.  This is highly ironic, considering that most of the supposedly authentic and reliable reports on mass killings relayed by Mann to his listeners have been quietly thrown down the memory hole. The speeches made by Mann during the war years are actually mythology in the making, and reading them gives us more insight into how and when the mass gassing allegations arose and provides us with leads to follow up in future research into this issue.”

In Sept 1941, Mann said ”the idea of exterminating peoples [Völkervernichtung] is a Nazi idea, it has no place in the thinking of the democracies.”  In Oct 1941, Mann spoke of ”the systematic race murder which Hitler is committing against the French”!  In Nov 1941, ”Three hundred thousand Serbs have been killed, not during the war with this country [Germany], but after, killed by you Germans on the orders of those wicked blackguards who rule over you. The unspeakable [Unaussprechliche] which has happened and is happening in Russia, with the Poles and Jews is known to you, but you would rather not know for the understandable terror you feel for the likewise unspeakable, ever growing hatred which will fall upon you the day your forces and machines loses their momentum.”  In Jan 1942: ”The news sounds implausible, but my source is good. In numerous Dutch-Jewish families in Amsterdam and other cities, so I have been informed, one mourns deeply for sons, who have suffered a horrible death. Four hundred young Dutch Jews were brought to Germany to be used as guinea pigs for poison gas. The virulence of this chivalrous and through and through German weapon of war, a true weapon of Siegfried, has proven itself against the young subhumans. They are dead, dead for the sake of the New Order and the military ingeniosity of the Master Race. At least for that they were good enough. After all, they were Jews.” -”the trial gassing [Probevergasung] of four hundred young Jews”.  In June 1942: ”In one of my earlier broadcasts I made myself guilty of a regrettable mitigation of the truth. I spoke of Nazi atrocities and mentioned that 400 young Dutchmen of Jewish blood had been brought to German to be killed with poison gas. Now I hear via indirect channels from Holland, that the number of victims mentioned by me was nearly half that of the actual figure. It was almost 800 people who were arrested at that time, brought to Mauthausen and gassed there. The exact figure has meanwhile been published by the Dutch government [in exile?], but since I do not believe that this report has yet reached you, I do well to pass on to you this privately received information.”  ... From 1940 Mann proceeded to declare, the reports on mass killings of Jews were not simply "stories", but history in the making.  The reports on mass killings relayed by Mann to his listeners have been declared false.  The speeches made by Mann during the war years are actually mythology in the making, and reading them gives us more insight into how and when the mass gassing allegations arose and provides us with leads to follow up in future research into this issue.

On Feb 1, 1940 Henry Montor executive vice-President of the United Jewish Appeal refused to intervene for a shipload of Jewish refugees stranded on the Danube river, stating that "Palestine cannot be flooded with... old people or with undesirables."

2/16, 1940  The Altmark Incident took place in what were, at that time, neutral Norwegian waters.  The German tanker Altmark was returning to Germany with 299 British merchant sailors on board, prisoners of war who had been picked up from ships sunk by the pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee.  On its way from the southern Atlantic to Germany, Altmark passed through Norwegian waters.  It was investigated three times on the 15th by the Royal Norwegian Navy and was told that the vessel was conducting purely commercial business.

The British government made no particular objection to the fact of a prison ship traversing neutral waters.  In fact in official papers regarding the incident they noted the fact that the Royal Navy had done the same, for example in December 1939 when the cruiser HMS Despatch passed through the Panama Canal, which was neutral waters, with German prisoners aboard from the freighter Düsseldorf.  But the crew of the Altmark had gone hundreds of miles out of their way to make the long run through Norwegian waters to Germany, constituting a clear abuse of Norway's neutrality, and a breach of international law.  The Norwegian forces refused to take part in a joint escort reiterating that their earlier searches of Altmark had found nothing. The Altmark ran aground.  The British then boarded her and — after some hand-to-hand fighting with bayonets and the last recorded Royal Naval action with cutlass — overwhelmed the ship's crew and then went down to the hold. 

The Norwegians were angered that their neutrality had been infringed by the British, but they did not want to be dragged into a European war.  Both sides had contingency plans for military action against Norway, primarily to control the traffic of Swedish iron ore, on which the German armaments industry depended in the early stages of the war.  The Altmark incident convinced Adolf Hitler that the Allies would not respect Norwegian neutrality, and on February 19, he decided to intensify the planning for Operation Weserübung, the occupation of Denmark and Norway, which eventually took place on April 9, 1940.

Feb 17 Norway protests to Britain over violation of its neutrality.

Feb 23 Sweden announces that she will not permit British or French troops to cross through her territory on their way to Finland.

Mikhaíl Afanásyevich Bulgákov (May 15, 1891– March 10, 1940) was a Soviet Russian writer and playwright active in the first half of the 20th century.  He is best known for his novel “The Master and Margarita”, which The Times of London has called one of the masterpieces of the 20th century.  The novel begins with Satan visiting Moscow in the 1930s, joining a conversation between a critic and a poet debating the existence of Jesus Christ and the Devil.  It develops into an all-embracing indictment of the corruption, greed, narrow-mindedness, and widespread paranoia of Soviet Russia.  Published more than 25 years after Bulgakov's death, and more than ten years after Stalin's, the novel firmly secured Bulgakov's place among the pantheon of great Russian writers.  A story-within-the-story portrays the interrogation of Jesus Christ by Pontius Pilate and the Crucifixion.  The Master and Margarita, plays on a number of fantasies of clandestine Jewish power, conspiracy and treachery.

Mar 12 - Finland signs a peace treaty with Soviets.   In this Winter War, about 250,000 Russians die and between 250,000 and 300,000 Russians are wounded.  About 3,000 Soviets are taken prisoner.  The Finns lost 22,000 dead and 40,000 wounded.

Mar 16 - Germans bomb Scapa Flow naval base near Scotland.

March 25, 1940    Purim, the Jewish holiday of Revenge against Gentiles.  Jews throughout the world label specific enemies as Haman and Christianity in general as Haman.  Other episodes of revenge throughout the year could still be connected to the spirit of Purim.

  Jerusalem Drama Society (not believed to be related to Purim) 1940

 Wang Jingwei (5/4, 1883 – 11/10, 1944) was a Chinese politician.  He was initially a member of the Kai-tsu p'ai faction of the Kuomintang (KMT), but later became increasingly anti-Communist after his efforts to collaborate with the CCP ended in political failure.  His political orientation veered sharply to the right later in his career, after he joined the Japanese.  He also used the name "Wang Zhaoming".  Wang was a close associate of Sun Yat-sen for the last twenty years of Sun's life.  After Sun's death Wang engaged in a political struggle with Chiang Kai-shek for control over the Kuomintang, but lost.  Wang remained inside the Kuomintang, but continued to have disagreements with Chiang until Japan invaded China in 1937, after which he accepted an invitation from the Japanese Empire to form a Japanese-supported collaborationist government in Nanjing.  Wang served as the head of state for this Japanese puppet government until he died, shortly before the end of WW II. For his collaboration with the Japanese he has often been labeled a traitor.

During the Northern Expedition (1926-28), Wang was the leading figure in the left-leaning faction of the KMT that called for continued cooperation with the Chinese Communist Party.  Although Wang collaborated closely with Chinese communists in Wuhan, he was philosophically opposed to communism and regarded the KMT's Comintern advisors with suspicion. He did not believe that Communists could be true patriots or true Chinese nationalists.

Chiang Kai-shek occupied Shanghai in April 1927, and began a bloody suppression of suspected communists known as the "White Terror".  Within several weeks of Chiang's suppression of communists in Shanghai, Wang's leftist government was attacked by a KMT-aligned warlord and disintegrated, leaving Chiang as the sole legitimate leader of the Republic.  As a result of these power struggles within the KMT, Wang was forced to spend much of his time in exile.  He traveled to Germany, and maintained some contact with Adolf Hitler.  Wang believed that China needed to reach a negotiated settlement with Japan so that Asia could resist Western Powers.

On 3/30, 1940, Wang became the head of state based in Nanjing.  In November 1940, Wang's government signed the "Sino-Japanese Treaty" with the Japanese, a document that has been compared with Japan's Twenty-one Demands for its broad political, military, and economic concessions.  In June 1941, Wang gave a public radio address from Tokyo in which he praised Japan, affirmed China's submission to it, criticized the Kuomintang government, and pledged to work with the Empire of Japan to resist communism and Western imperialism.  Wang continued to orchestrate politics within his regime in concert with Chiang's international relationship with foreign powers, seizing the French Concession and the International Settlement of Shanghai in 1943, after Western nations agreed by consensus to abolish extraterritoriality.

 Wang receiving German diplomats while head of state in 1941.

He spoke positively about fascism: "Several advanced countries have already expanded their national vitality and augmented their people's strength, and are no longer afraid of foreign aggression."  Co-worker Shih Shao-pei wrote about reports of improved working conditions in German factories, the vacations given to employees by Kraft durch Freude, improved employer-employee relations, and the provision of public service work camps for the unemployed.  Other works made by the People's Tribune spoke positively about Nazism, saying that it was bringing the "integration of the working classes...into the National Socialist state and the abolition of...the evil elements of modern capitalism".

The Government of National Salvation of the collaborationist "Republic of China", which Wang headed, was established on the Three Principles of Pan-Asianism, anti-communism, and opposition to Chiang Kai-shek.  Wang continued to maintain his contacts with German Nazis and Italian fascists he had established while in exile.  In March 1944, Wang left for Japan to undergo medical treatment for the wound left by an assassination attempt in 1939.  He died in Nagoya on 11/10, 1944, before Japan's surrender, thus avoiding a trial for treason.  Many of his senior followers who lived to see the end of the war were executed.  Wang was buried in Nanjing near the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, in an elaborately-constructed tomb. Soon after Japan's defeat, the Kuomintang government under Chiang Kai-shek moved its capital back to Nanjing, destroyed Wang's tomb, and burned the body.  Today the site is commemorated with a small pavilion that notes Wang as a traitor.

Katyn Forest: Mar 5 Nearly 22,000 Polish officers and intelligentsia executed on Stalin’s order.  4,421 in Katyn Forest, blamed on Germans but exonerated in 1990.

The Katyn massacre was a mass execution of Polish nationals carried out by the (NKVD), the Soviet secret police, in April and May 1940.  The massacre was prompted by Lavrentiy Beria's proposal to execute all members of the Polish Officer Corps, dated March 5, 1940.  The number of victims is estimated at about 22,000.  The victims were murdered in the Katyn Forest in Russia, the Kalinin and Kharkiv prisons and elsewhere.  Of the total killed, about 8,000 were officers taken prisoner during the 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, another 6,000 were police officers, with the rest being Polish intelligentsia arrested for allegedly being "intelligence agents, gendarmes, landowners, saboteurs, factory owners, lawyers, officials and priests."  The government of Nazi Germany announced the discovery of mass graves in the Katyn Forest in 1943.  The Soviet Union claimed the victims had been murdered by the Nazis, and continued to deny responsibility for the massacres until 1990, when it officially acknowledged and condemned the perpetration of the killings by the NKVD, as well as the subsequent cover-up.  Western historians had accepted the Soviet Union claim for 45 years!

 ****April 1940 by Colonel-General Johannes Friessner, superintendent of Cultural and Educational Matters of the Army.:

“Officer Candidates of the Army!  (This is the spirit in which German officers were educated.)

For your journey in career and life I give you the following rules.  They are of eternal validity for war and peace:

1.  Always be a paragon in all situations in life, especially in crises.

2.  As soon as a troop is entrusted to you, check your knowledge with modesty of your inner self before you speak to your people, so that you don’t run the risk to lose authority from the start. 

3.  Bring all your educational encroachments more or less in line with your own existing authority.

4.  Avoid a too abrasive tone.  It is mostly a sign of insecurity.

5.  Before you start giving orders, have a good look at your people, and try to discover the human being in them.  Knowledge of human nature is essential for right treatment of human beings.

6.  Orders only have sense when they convince.

7.  To impart convincing force in educational and training work, the purpose must be prepended and the explanatory statement has to follow why it has to be that way.   

8.  Avoid addiction to critique. It usually amounts to arrogance in bad taste.  Only someone who furnishes evidence that he can do better has a right to criticize.

9.  Listen to experienced people and comrades.  You can only benefit from listening and contemplation. 

10.  Be restrained in your judgment of matters you don’t fully master; you disgrace yourself otherwise.  Even some of your subordinates know more about certain matters than you.

11.  Before you judge a man, always remember, how you have been in a similar situation once.

12.  Always act with reason and heart when precious human lives are entrusted to you, especially in war. 

13.  Preserve always the courage to pure truth.

14.  Always stand true to your word and your action, even when it was by mistake.

15.  Preserve always the necessary space between superiors and subordinates.  This safeguards in difficult situations. 

16.  At any time be forthright with your superiors, but always discreet, as is basically befitting a younger person.   

17.  Learn from rebukes and don’t be in a huff, which shows only lack of self-discipline.  

18.  Use the fleeting time of adolescence for self-education and training.

19.  Keep your body constantly disciplined and toughen it methodically right into old age.  Self-restraint and abstinence are manly virtues, yieldingness and self-indulgence are contemptible. 

20.  Always pay attention to your own good posture and impeccable attire, even when you are not on duty.  The slightest neglect will be detrimental to your reputation.   

21.  Shun immoderate alcohol consumption. It is often the cause of lapses.

22.  Don’t incur any debts, they impair your free actions and your enjoyment of life.

23.  Be careful with your acquaintances, you will be judged by them.    

24.  Sharpen your understanding through planned work on the mind in the areas of general education and occupational science.  Time has to be found, even when it can only be for a short while.  Self-development is mental discipline. An uneducated officer is of no value. 

25.  Develop your personality by the study of great men.

26.  Preserve your belief in the great-German idea and in God until your last breath; this belief imparts inner strength to you, particularly in crises of life and especially during the war, when human strength is over-stressed. 

April 8, 1940 – Britain and France invade Norway and after German rout were evacuated May 1.

April 9 - Germans enter Denmark and Norway and allow friendly native government in Denmark for cooperation with the Axis Economic Bloc.  Denmark becomes a protectorate of Germany until the end of the War to exclude British invasion plans.

 Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (7/18, 1887 – 10/24, 1945) was a Norwegian army officer and politician.  He worked with Fridtjof Nansen during the famine in the Soviet Union, and served as Minister of Defence in the Bondepartiet government 1931–1933.  The son of a Church of Norway pastor, Quisling blended Christian fundamentals, scientific developments and philosophy into a new theory he called Universism.  In 1933 he founded the nationalist party Nasjonal Samling ("National Gathering"), and during World War II, from 1942 to 1945, he served as Minister-President of the collaborationist Norwegian government, after being appointed by the German authorities.  After the war he was tried for high treason and subsequently executed by firing squad.  Today in Norway and other parts of the world, "Quisling" is synonymous with "traitor".  [He was a noble patriot and it was his initial plans that have led to the current European Union.]  Also- “A Nordic union between Scandinavia and Great Britain, with the adherence of Finland and Holland, and in which Germany and eventually the British Dominions and America might later on be absorbed, would take away the sting of any communist combination and secure European civilization and peace for the foreseeable future.”  An official Norwegian inquiry into whether any prominent member of the Nasjonal Samling Party (Vidkun Quisling's political party) had played an active part in the German invasion reached a negative conclusion. Unfortunately his innocence was discovered too late.

“I was Quisling’s Secretary” by H Franklin Knudsen (1967) Quisling was first prominent when he helped in relief work in Russia (helping to save the millions starving and otherwise suffering as a result of the triple dislocation of WW1, the Bolshevik Terror and the ensuing Russian Civil War, which continued into the early 1920's.  This indeed may well have been the root of Quisling's lifelong aversion to Communism.  When Quisling took over he ran the government and country quietly and effectively.  Only a small minority fled or joined "resistance" bodies.  Many Norwegians fully agreed with Quisling.

****More dates for Norway & Denmark:

1940 February 16 The captain of the British destroyer Cossack under the direct orders of Churchill violates Norwegian neutrality and boards the German supply ship Altamark.  After a short fight in which several German sailors are killed, Captain Philip Vian found 299 British sailors and merchant seaman in the ships' hold.  They were prisoners of war being transported from the South Atlantic to Germany.  (Note: Norway protested the British attack, but their complaints were rebuffed. This incident along with reports of troop movements indicating a planned British invasion, sealed Norway's fate, as well as that of Denmark.) (Duffy)

4/3 Churchill resigns as Minister for the Coordination of Defense and is appointed to chair the Ministerial Defense Committee, significantly increasing his responsibilities, even though he had not been successful in his previous post. One of his first acts is to obtain consent for the mining of the Norwegian Leads. (WWIIDBD)  4/5 Britain and France notify Norway that they reserve the right to deprive Germany of Norway's resources.  4/8 Britain informs Norway that it intends to intercept German ships in Norwegian waters.  London fails to reveal to Oslo that it has ordered the Royal Navy to mine Norwegian territorial waters. (Duffy)

4/9 The German entry of southern Norway beats the Franco-British invasion by only twelve hours. 4/9 The Danish-German Agreement is signed, resulting in Denmark's Jews being left unmolested for a time.  4/10 The Norwegian government and Royal family leave Oslo. Vidkun Quisling takes power.  4/14 The British make several small landings in Norway.

With their country's population at the time numbering only 2.5 million, 60,000 Norwegians married German soldiers.  Several Lebensborn homes were established to cater to the illegitimate babies, who were sent to Germany for adoption. 

1940 April 29 King Hakkon of Norway and his government are evacuated from Molde by the British, taking with them the national gold reserves.

 Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark and Iceland, born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (3 August 1872 – 21 September 1957), known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden.   Haakon threatened abdication if the government cooperated with the invading Germans—which he reneged on. He reigned for nearly 52 years.

  Richard Buckminster "Bucky" Fuller (7/12, 1895 – 7/1, 1983) was an American systems theorist, architect, engineer, author, designer, inventor, and futurist.  Fuller published more than 30 books, inventing and popularizing terms such as "Spaceship Earth", ephemeralization, and synergetic. He also developed numerous inventions, mainly architectural designs, the best known of which is the geodesic dome. Carbon molecules known as fullerenes were later named by scientists for their resemblance to geodesic spheres.  “No More Secondhand God” (4/9, 1940) “National Socialism (among others)…employ individualism’s most cogent premise that the ship must have but one captain.”  “…the English and the French though preaching Democracy, Individualism, and Christianity are the greatest progenitors of collectivism and paganism for theirs is a corporate amorphous individualism, a legal entity individualism, a shadowy industrial monopoly, a secondhand dictatorship, soulless.”…”Hitler is blitzkrieging over the earth.  And I say that is the greatest understatement in history for it is God now doing the housecleaning and making the necessary renovation.”

 April 20 Hitler's birthday (1889)

****Auschwitz Camp   

Not open until after the War begins and 7 years after the Nazis get elected to majority power.  It is only now, after 7 years that Jews are added to the prison populations as potential enemies (like the Japanese, Germans and Italians in the US).  Nearly 150,000 Jews continue service in the armed forces and the majority of German Jews continue to survive in open society.  Rich Jews have left Germany.  The Jews here are primarily foreign Jews.

Unlike a hidden ‘death’ camp, Auschwitz was smack dab in the middle of the second largest industrial area of Germany, the Upper Silesian industrial zone- a tight network of mines, factories and buildings that ran from Breslau in Germany proper down through the corner of Poland, all the way to Moravia in Czechoslovakia.  This vast economic complex employed millions of workers in thousands of industries.  It was so huge that the Soviet Army reports describe it as being something like a natural geographic feature, on the order of a mountain range or a very wide river.  The Upper Silesian industrial plants were crying out for manpower.

Auschwitz was the biggest, with a galaxy of industrial factories employing both interned labor and voluntary workers from all across Europe.  The volunteers outnumbered the internees.  The factories included a hydrogenation plant for turning coal into synthetic oil, and a Buna rubber works for making artificial rubber.  There were coal mines and botany stations.  Most of the other camps in Poland had ancillary agricultural and lumber projects.  Obviously, with all able-bodied Germans away fighting the war, the authorities needed to use every single available body for labor.  It simply would not have made sense to exterminate able-bodied labor.

April 27, 1940 –Auschwitz opens Auschwitz I was the original camp, and it served as the administrative center for the whole complex. The site for the camp, in former Austrian military barracks, was chosen on January 25, 1940, by the Nazis.  On April 27, 1940, Reichsfuhrer SS Heinrich Himmler signed the order that initiates establishment of Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Germany.  The three main camps were Auschwitz I, II, and III. Auschwitz I, the original concentration camp, served as the administrative center for the whole complex.  Auschwitz II (Birkenau) was a labor camp. Auschwitz III (Monowitz (Monowice)) served as a labor camp for the Buna-Werke factory of the IG Farben concern.

Let’s stop with the Auschwitz lies.  This was a work camp.  This is a factual list of facilities available to prisoners at the alleged Nazi death camp of Auschwitz in Poland.  Most of these facilities can still be seen in the camp today, including the cinema, swimming pool, hospital, library and post office.

 

Swimming pool / Orchestra / Library of 45,000 books / Auschwitz maternity ward - Over 3,000 live births were registered there, with not a single infant death while Auschwitz was in operation under German rule.

Mess Hall / Ukrainian Women’s Choir /

 Camp dental facilities, attended by camp inmate dentists and nurses to deal with the inmates' dental problems - before the war there 43% of Germany's dentists were Jewish –

Hospital / Nurses

Visits were routine -Supposedly the most dreaded of German camps, Auschwitz was repeatedly visited by Red Cross inspection teams who were allowed to speak to prisoner representatives alone, in order to hear first-hand of any mistreatment, chicanery, interruption of mail and parcel delivery, health concerns, food and ration matters etc.  No such visits took place - ever! - to the Soviet Gulag camps.

Auschwitz, the supposed "death camp", had many facilities amongst which were;  Camp dental facilities, attended by camp inmate dentists and nurses to deal with the inmates' dental problems - before the war there 43% of Germany's dentists were Jewish.  Camp sick barracks attended by camp inmate doctors and nurses to deal with the inmates' health problems - much like the now common walk-in clinics in modern US communities - A camp hospital to which expert surgeons even from the famous Berlin "Charité" Surgical Clinic were dispatched to deal with difficult cases. ‘Special Treatment’ was medical care.  The Germans were very aware of the false propaganda laid on them during the First World War, so they tried hard to give special care to their inmates.

The Camp kitchen was one of the largest service buildings in Auschwitz, with state-of-the-art cooking facilities.  There were twelve of these throughout the camp. * The caloric content of the diet was carefully monitored by camp and Red Cross delegates.  It only deteriorated in Auschwitz and other camps towards the end of the war when German railroads and the entire transport system collapsed under constant aerial attacks.

Up to 16 camp orchestras with every conceivable instrument available.   There was a camp theater where live plays could be performed by camp inmate actors.  Camp sculpture class conducted for interested, talented inmates by professional sculptors.  There were Camp art classes for inmates.   Camp university with lectures on every topic under the sun, from health, the arts, philosophy, science, economic issues etc.  There was a camp cinema - where every week different, mainly cultural and non-political films were shown.  The camp brothel, just inside the main gate was a building used during the war as a brothel for the inmates.  It was not a secret that the camp had a brothel; it was mentioned in books and its existence was confirmed by the Auschwitz Museum officials.  It was established in the summer of 1943 on Himmler's order, was located in block 24 and was used to reward privileged prisoners.  There was a camp library where inmates could borrow books from Forty -five thousand volumes available.  Camp religious facilities made available on a rotating basis to every denomination for religious services.   A camp swimming pool for use by the inmates on Birkenallee, where there were walkways with comfortable benches for inmates to relax in the shade of the trees.  Camp sport facilities like soccer fields, handball areas, fencing classes and other exercise facilities.  The camp had a Sauna.  Auschwitz had an artist studio.

"Art in Auschwitz 1940-1945."  The camp commandant provided a studio and the equipment which produced thousands of paintings and sketches. The Auschwitz museum has 1470 paintings, but none are displayed, only a rash of absurd paintings, which were sketched after 1945 are pushed on a gullible public.

There was a Camp incentive system where through extra work inmates could obtain coupons redeemable for cake or ice cream in the Camp Cantina, which also had extra toiletries etc.   There was a Camp complaints office where inmates could register complaints or make suggestions.  Camp Commander Hoess had a standing order that any inmate could approach him personally to register a complaint about other inmates such as "Kapos" and even guards.  *A system of strict discipline for guards and also for inmates, with severe punishment being handed out against those found guilty (for even slapping an inmate).

Auschwitz marriages took place because worker inmates fell in love and married their inmate partners.  Child care center where working mothers could leave their children.  Auschwitz maternity ward  - Over 3,000 live births were registered there, with not a single infant death while Auschwitz was in operation under German rule.  * Auschwitz pregnancies took place because of the open nature of the facility. Women's sections of camps had female guards.

Auschwitz jail - Since the camp was a large, open facility (community); transgressors could be arrested, tried and jailed right in Auschwitz.   

Auschwitz issues its own money-Prisoners were paid and could spend the money in canteens, brothels and stores.

* Auschwitz crematoria - These structures were hastily built by inmate labor after the first typhus epidemic caused thousands of deaths.  (Burial of epidemic victims had caused the ground water to be contaminated causing infections among the German staff.  Amongst the victims was an early camp commandant's wife.  Polish peasants from the surrounding district were also cremated here.) (Crematoria per capita rate as any city, none extra as would be with a killing program.)

Camp post office had twice weekly pick-ups and deliveries.  If you are gassing people -- Do you let them write letters? Parcels were opened in the presence of recipients.

**International Red Cross visited monthly(?).  In a 1650 page report there was never a mention of gas chambers.  Allies and Germans communicated about the camps -Allies communicated with Germany and determined there were no murders.  This is why they never bombed the RR leading to Auschwitz until the final years.

Other camps were like this.  Some were managed better and ones which weren’t had its officers disciplined.  There were bunk beds and shared beds (sometimes 3 bunks high), usually a closet for each internee, running hot water and showers.  Internees changed their laundry once a week and every second week changed their sheets and linens.  Internees worked eight hours a day.  Jewish internees wore a yellow star, political inmates wore red (Communist), Homosexuals wore pink and Jehovah Witnesses wore violet.  Most involved guards were Trustees, inmates themselves.  Unfortunately as camps disintegrated, Jewish Kapo gangs began to run the camps as criminals.

Jews were shipped from the Ghettos and put to work. Auschwitz was picked because it was a railway center

Auschwitz produced synthetic rubber, medical and armament supplies, military uniforms -Auschwitz was the site of Germany's newest and most technologically advanced synthetic rubber plant; and Germany was the world's leader in this particular field of technology.  Shortly after the war the Germans were cut off from their supply of natural rubber.  In the months that followed they set about building our own synthetic rubber plants.

Auschwitz was a major work camp that had forty different industries.  The true reason for the existence of the Auschwitz camp is revealed in these little shown pictures of the industrial complex which surrounded the camp - most of it within full view of the interior of the camp itself.

Labor Camps throughout German occupied Europe included those for criminals, labor both paid voluntary and involuntary workers, and other categories such as chronically unemployed or antisocial.  The philosophy of the German Regeneration was to help all citizens to become part of the community.   Family units of the chronically unemployed, dysfunctional, or antisocial were housed in private domiciles and helped with social workers.  If progress was made they were released within 3 months, if not they were held further at 3 month increments.

Executions were held just as Capital punishment in Western nations for violent criminals.  Deliberate mistreatment was forbidden, but was present, again just as Western prisons, by overzealous German guards or fellow (often Jews)Kapos (trustees).  In the course of the camp system, many Germans were punished and even executed for deliberate mistreating inmates.

From the very first propaganda numbers of 8 million Jews being killed here, we now know since the autumn of 1989 the Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev opened Soviet archives, and the public saw for the first time, the complete register of deaths at Auschwitz which speaks as a key document of 74,000 dead.  This includes the majority who died through disease and the results of Allied bombing!

“The hygiene question is a very heavy responsibility for the administration, nearly all the inmates, especially the Jews from the East and South East have to be trained in this respect for they show a particular fear of keeping themselves clean. In parts there have to be very strict measures in order to train the prisoners out of their superstition.  When having a shower bath they wrap up their lice in a piece of paper and hide it in their mouth in order to have them in their new clothes, as they are of the opinion that whoever has lice will not become ill.”- The Franke-Gricksch Report, May 1943

 Auschwitz - Bomb Shelter

 [This so called gas chamber (with Birkenau 'gas chamber'), is the one that underpins the Holocaust gas chamber claim as they admit now (after claiming there were, eg Dachau) there were none in Germany.  From 1940 to 1943 it was a morgue, with a washroom, etc; from June 1944 to January 1945, it was an air-raid shelter for the SS-hospital with a surgery room. After the war they knocked some 'Zyklon B input holes' in the roof, made a door in the SE and called it a 'gas chamber.' (1). They admit to it being a 'reconstruction.'

    Who would place a cyanide gas chamber 30 metres from a hospital?  See Gas chambers (real).   The curator, Piper, admitted that the Russians put the holes in the roof around 1947, hence their poor quality (and built the crematory chimney), that they packed in 10 people per square yard!  To get the required heat to activate Zyklon B they relied on body heat!  It took 20 minutes (while killing lice took 24 hours), and there was no extraction system, it was ventilated by convection!  Both doors opened inward!  And the door handles could be operated from the inside! Just like a gas shelter 1,2.  There is no blue staining from Zyklon B as there is in the Birkenau delousing buildings.

    The main evidence for gassing comes from the Commandant Rudolf Hoess, but he was tortured into confessing, then executed (so he couldn't change his story, along with the other Commandants Josef Kramer and Richard Baer.]

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 For May Day showing giant armed warrior protecting Germany represented by a peaceful farming scene. 

Battle of France                France                            France                              France

05/23/11 Four Pernicious Myths of WWII (Eric S. Margolis) abridged - As a former instructor of military history and specialist in France's 20th century wars, let me address four particularly annoying and misleading myths:

First, France's army did not simply surrender or run away in 1940.  The German Blitz was a major historical revolution in warfare.  Blitzkrieg combined rapidly-moving armor and mobile infantry, precision dive bombing, flexible logistical support, and new high technologies in C3 -- command, control and communications.  In 1940, Germany led the world in technology: 75% of all technical books were then written in German.  Britain's well-trained expeditionary force in France was beaten just as quickly and thoroughly as the French, and saved itself only by abandoning its French allies and fleeing across the Channel.  No army in the world at that time could have withstood Germany's blitzkrieg, planned by the brilliant Erich von Manstein, and led by the audacious Heinz Guderian, and Erwin Rommel -- three of modern history's greatest generals.  They were also incredibly lucky. Just one bomb on a German bridge over the Meuse, or one impassable traffic jam in the Ardennes forest could have meant the difference between victory and defeat.  The French had temporarily moved some of their weakest reserve units just into the sector the Germans struck.  Germany's new, fluid tactics shattered France's armies.   They were unable to reform their lines in spite of often fierce resistance.  The fast-moving German panzers were constantly behind them.  Retreat under fire is the most difficult and perilous of all military operations.  After six weeks, and a stab in the back by Mussolini's Italy, France's armies had disintegrated.  France lost 217,000 dead and 400,000 wounded in combat. Compare that to America's loss of 416,000 dead during four years of war in the Pacific and Europe.  At least France did not suffer the 2 million dead it lost in World War I.  Germany losses: 46,000 killed in action, 121,000 wounded, and 1,000 aircraft.  By comparison, the US, British and Canadians lost some 10,000 dead and wounded at D-Day.

Second, the forts of France's Maginot Line were not tactically outflanked.  The Germans struck NW of the Line's end, through the Belgian/French Ardennes Forest, a route anticipated by the French Army which held war games there in 1939.  The immobile French field army failed, not the Maginot Line.  The Line was also designed to channel any German attack through either Belgium or Switzerland.  The high water table of Flanders, and France's aversion to building forts behind its Belgian ally, left the Franco-Belgian border with only scanty fixed defenses. The second largest amphibious operation in Western Europe during WWII was the totally forgotten German crossing under fire of the Rhine in June,1940.  The crews of the unconquered Maginot forts held out until the armistice.  Those who mock France for building forts that were supposedly 'outflanked' should know the 'impregnable' modern US fortifications at Manila, and Britain's Fortress Singapore, were both taken from the rear by the Imperial Japanese Army.  Germany's much vaunted `Westwall' and coastal defenses fared no better.

Third -- Germany's Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe were crushed well before D-Day.  Germany's army and air force were broken on the Eastern Front's titanic battles.  The numbers speak for themselves. The Soviets destroyed 75-80% of all German divisions -- 4 million soldiers -- and most of the Luftwaffe.  Russia lost at least 14 million soldiers and a similar number of civilians.  The Red Army destroyed 507 Axis divisions.  On the Western Front after D-Day, the Allies destroyed 176 badly under-strength German divisions.  When the Allies landed in Normandy, they met battered German forces with no air cover, crippled by lack of fuel and supplies, unable to move in daytime.  Even so, the Germans fought like tigers.  Had the invading US, British and Canadians encountered the 1940's Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe, the outcome may well have been different.

Fourth -- World War II was not a good and evil struggle between 'western democracies' and 'totalitarian powers'.  It was a world conflict over land and resources pitting the British Empire which controlled 25% of the entire globe, the French Empire, Dutch Empire, and Belgian Empire, and, later, the US imperium (Philippines, Pacific possessions, Central America), against the Italian and Japanese empires.  The Soviet Union was an empire unto itself.  In 1939, the only major powers without colonies -- that were not imperial powers -- were Germany (who lost her few colonies in World War I) and China.  Once the war ended, Britain and Holland, who complained mightily about the evils of Nazi occupation, scrambled to reoccupy their former colonies, some of which had declared independence.  One can hardly call this a crusade for freedom. Liberation for the white people of German-occupied Europe, certainly.  But not for the peoples of Africa and Asia.  However, in the end, the war did set in motion forces that would eventually spell the end of colonialism.  The collapse of the British Empire, which Winston Churchill had vowed to defend at all costs, opened the way to worldwide decolonization.

 May 10, 1940 - Britain begins bombing of neutral Holland, raids and steals its gold.  Learning of Britain’s plans to invade the low countries, Germans immediately invade France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands(Holland) and allow friendly native governments for cooperation with the Axis Economic Bloc; Winston Churchill becomes British Prime Minister.  Churchill’s (half Jew) family was scandal-ridden, it even has been suggested that Churchill’s father was Jack the Ripper.  Netherlands declares war on Germany (through Britain?).

The German invasion of Belgium and Holland was achieved with just 11,000 servicemen.  3,900 of them were killed, wounded or captured.  The German invasion of course was a pre-emptive strike aimed at thwarting British intentions to invade the Low Countries.

 1940 May 11 Great Britain begins bombing the civilian population in Germany. (Sturdza) As the noted jurist, F.J.P Veale surmised. "This raid on the night of May 11th 1940, although in itself trivial, was an epoch-marking event since it was the first deliberate breach of the fundamental rule of civilized warfare that hostilities must only be waged against the enemy’s combatant forces.  Their flight marked the end of an epoch which had lasted for two and one-half centuries."

May 14 Germans blitzkrieg Rotterdam (military installations) accidentally killing 814-980.  Allied propaganda raises this to 30,000 to justify killing huge German populations.  (And/or British bomb Rotterdam while retreating and by propaganda blame the Germans.)

May 15 - Holland surrenders with certain sovereignty rights and installs provisional government for cooperation with the Axis Economic Bloc.

If an Allied offensive, no matter how poorly prepared, took place, the Allies would soon be in Berlin.  Germany had only 23 divisions on Western front, while the allies had 110 divisions.  And those Germans divisions were poorly equipped.  The French had 4 to 1 advantage in artillery, 80 to 1 advantage in tanks and the Germans hardly had any planes there.  Hitler gambled and concentrated the bulk of manpower, as well as nearly all mechanized units and Luftwaffe on Poland.  The Poles managed to destroy much of that equipment and that's the reason why Wehrmacht generals asked Hitler to postpone the invasion of France for next year.

V.S. (There’s variance in division numbers even with the scholars.)

France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg were invaded on same day, May 10, by the following forces: German Army Group A, with 38 infantry and 7 armored divisions, was the main column under the command of Gerd von Rundstedt. This group was to march through the Ardennes.  German Army Group B, with 26 infantry and 3 armored divisions, was to invade the Low Countries under the command of Fedor von Bock. Though strong, this force was considered diversionary.  German Army Group C, with 19 infantry divisions, attacked the Maginot Line under the direction of Wilhelm von Leeb to pin down the French forces there.  Italian Army Group West, with 32 infantry divisions, attacked southern France under the command of Umberto di Savoia.

May 16 Hitler's German blitzkrieg is unleashed on northern France.  German mechanized forces outflanked the Maginot Line, surprising the Allies by attacking through the rugged Ardennes Forest rather than the Belgian plain as expected.

It was Manstein’s plan, who argued for an armored thrust through the Ardennes region, where it would be least expected, instead of the Hitler-backed plan for an assault mainly through Belgium.  Though Manstein then was still a junior general, his dogged fight for this idea against OKH resistance eventually brought him an interview with Hitler in February 1940. Der Fuhrer's remarkably quick mind grasped the General's arguments at once, and the “Manstein Plan" produced a stunning victory.

Germany enters France: After eight months after France's declaration of war against Germany and many smaller attacks, Germany invaded in May 1940.  Within a few weeks the German Army numbering just 100,000 had defeated the French Army consisting of 6 million men.  Generally speaking the German Army was welcomed in the Low Countries and there was much collaboration not only in France but in Holland and Belgium where people were glad to be rid of the British and French standing armies.  They had had enough of Britain fighting its wars on their territory.  The behavior of German troops in France was impeccable and William L. Shirer (Rise and Fall of the Third Reich) conceded as much.  In his Berlin Diary he writes: "I noticed open fraternizing between German troops and the inhabitants.  Most of the Germans act like naïve tourists and this has proved a pleasant surprise to the Parisians.  It seems funny – every German carries a camera."  Adolf Hitler even allowed the French to keep its own Navy saying France like Britain needed it to defend her overseas territories.

Hitler is the inspiration of the Battle of France.  He showed his military prowess many times, amazing his General Staff.

The Benign Occupation:

                                 

“1940-1945: The Erotic Years” by Patrick Buisson (4/1, 2008) “The girls were swinging along the boulevards in their short, flowery skirts, their hair flowing loose behind them.  On the radio, the singer Tino Rossi - France's answer to Rudolph Valentino - belted out his latest romantic favorite.  Everyone was surprised the tall, blond invading newcomers did not set about raping the population as the French had expected.  Instead, they handed out bread and tarts.  Moreover, they were so handsome and so brave in comparison with the drunken French soldiers who had surrendered the fight.  Soon, every French child was crying out that he wanted to be German, while every young French girl was lusting after the newcomers as though they were allies, not enemies, offering them oranges and standing on tip-toe to look into the plush interior of their limousines.  And French housewives, deprived of companionship while their soldier husbands were held prisoner, were happily sleeping with the enemy.  The pictures of well-dressed citizens shopping next to a market piled high with fruit and vegetables, giving no inkling of the wartime hardship France usually likes to complain about.  One photograph shows punters crowding into the nightclubs.  Others show women wearing bikinis frolicking in a swimming pool, or wearing fancy hats at Paris's most fashionable racecourse.  Everything gives the impression that far from being a time of hunger, fear and resistance, life during the war was one big party.”

 Tino Rossi (4/29, 1907 – 9/26, 1983) was a French singer and film actor.  He became a tenor of French cabaret and one of the great romantic idols of his time.  Gifted with an operatic voice, a "Latin Lover" persona made him a movie star as well.  Over his career, Rossi made hundreds of records and appeared in more than 25 films, the most notable of which was the 1953 production, Si Versailles m'était conté directed by Sacha Guitry.  His romantic ballads had women swooning and his art-songs by Jules Massenet (1842–1912), Reynaldo Hahn (1875–1947), and other composers helped draw sold out audiences wherever he performed.  In the early 1930s he went to Paris and within a few years achieved enormous success, joining a Columbia Records roster that included the biggest stars of the day such as Lucienne Boyer, Damia, Pills et Tabet, Mireille, and Jean Sablon.  Prior to World War II Rossi was a major box office attraction in the French speaking world but expanded his audience to America with a 1938 visit followed up by wartime tours across the USA and Canada.  Tino Rossi began his film career in Les Nuits Moscovites (1934), but his first real success came with Marinella (1936).  All his films were musicals and capitalized on his success as a singer.  In 1946, his song "Petit Papa Noël" sold more than thirty million copies worldwide.  A Christmas classic for the family, the song still sells by the thousands each Yuletide season.  During the Occupation of France by Nazi Germany Rossi's film career reached its peak, notably with Mon amour est près de toi (1943) and L'Île d'amour (1944).  At the Liberation, the French authorities reproached him for actively supporting collaborationist causes such as the LVF (Légion des Volontaires Français) who sent French volunteers to work in German factories.  He was arrested in October 1944 and spent three weeks in prison.  Following a trial in 1945, his sentence was relatively light.  Unlike his fellow entertainers Arletty, Mireille Balin, Josseline Gaël and Robert Le Vigan), Rossi received a retrospective and largely symbolic work suspension.  He subsequently appeared only sporadically in films, concentrating on his singing career.   A star of film and the operetta scene, Tino Rossi's career also evolved into the television era, appearing in a number of popular variety shows.  Rossi largely retired from performing by the 1960s as he passed his 50th birthday and rock-and-roll made his style of music obsolete, but he remained enormously popular with a following built up over 50 years of performing.  In 1982, for his contribution to France and its culture, President François Mitterrand named Tino Rossi a Commander of the Legion of Honor.  

  Anton Adriaan Mussert (May 11, 1894 – May 7, 1946) was one of the founders of the National Socialist Movement (NSB) in the Netherlands and its de jure leader.  As such, he was the most prominent national socialist in the Netherlands before and during the Second World War.  During the war, he was able to keep this position, due to the support he received from the Germans.  After the war, he was convicted and executed for high treason.  In the 1920’s he wrested control of a vital public utility from privately owned companies, largely Jewish, and became a popular hero.  It was this experience that opened his eyes to the Jewish Question, with its ramifications for every aspect of civilization.  After years of study, he concluded that Europe and the West were being torn between the slavery of capitalism and the tyranny of communism.  Even the producers of a flagrantly anti-Nazi television series of the mid-1970s, "World at War", admitted that nearly two-thirds of the Dutch population were actively involved in various NSB organizations until the Allied occupation at the close of 1944.

By May 1940, eight months after England’s declaration of war, England had invaded neutral Norway, was planning an operation to mine Germany’s great rivers and sinking Germanys life-line shipping.  England was also in the process of adding 1.6 million square miles to its empire by occupying Italian and French colonies; Syria, Iraq and Persia.  It had conspired in a Yugoslavian coup, assassinated political leaders, blackmailed neutral countries, and was making overtures to Stalin’s murderous regime that was intent on adding to its own blood-soaked empire.

May 20 – Germany smashes Charles de Gaulle’s mostly Communist army which had invaded neutral Belgium and liberates Belgium.

 Sir William Samuel Stephenson, CC, MC, DFC (1/23, 1897 – 1/31, 1989) was a Canadian soldier, airman, businessman, inventor, spymaster, and the senior representative of British intelligence for the entire western hemisphere during World War II.  He is best known by his wartime intelligence codename Intrepid.  Many people consider him to be one of the real-life inspirations for James Bond.  Ian Fleming himself once wrote, "James Bond is a highly romanticized version of a true spy.  The real thing is ... William Stephenson." After World War II began (and over the objections of Sir Stewart Menzies, wartime head of British intelligence) now-Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent Stephenson to the United States on 6/21, 1940, to covertly establish and run British Security Coordination (BSC) in New York City, over a year before U.S. entry into the war.  It was literally an invasion of the United States by a British fifth column.  If the Germans had done this, they would have been executed.

BSC, with headquarters at Room 3603 Rockefeller Center, became an umbrella organization that by war's end represented the British intelligence agencies MI5, MI6 (the Secret Intelligence Service, or SIS), SOE (Special Operations Executive) and PWE (Political Warfare Executive) throughout North America, South America and the Caribbean.  Stephenson was soon a close adviser to Roosevelt, and suggested that he put Stephenson's good friend William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan in charge of all U.S. intelligence services.  Donovan founded the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which in 1947 would become the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).  As senior representative of British intelligence in the western hemisphere, Stephenson was one of the few persons in the hemisphere who were authorized to view raw Ultra transcripts of German Enigma ciphers that had been decrypted at Britain's Bletchley Park facility.  He was trusted by Churchill to decide what Ultra information to pass along to various branches of the U.S. and Canadian governments. 

Under Stephenson, BSC directly influenced U.S. media (including newspaper columns by Walter Winchell and Drew Pearson), and media in other hemisphere countries, toward pro-British and anti-Axis views.  Once the U.S. had entered the war, in 1941–44 BSC went on to train U.S. propagandists from the US Office of War Information in Canada. BSC covert intelligence and propaganda efforts directly affected wartime developments in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Mexico, the Central American countries, Bermuda, Cuba and Puerto Rico.

****British Security Coordination was a covert organization set up in New York City by the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in May 1940 upon the authorization of Winston Churchill.   The office, which was established for intelligence and propaganda services, was headed by Canadian industrialist William Stephenson.  Its first tasks were to promote British interests in the US, counter Nazi propaganda, and protect the Atlantic convoys from enemy sabotage.  The BSC was registered by the State Department as a foreign entity.  The arrival of "British spies" infuriated J. Edgar Hoover, of the (FBI), and displeased the U.S. Department of State.

The BSC had a special forgery camp near Toronto, Canada.  Documents, plans, maps and photographs were forged.  A map showing Axis plans to invade the US was forged through the BSC.  They even had a tailor shop to fabricate German uniforms.  Pictures were created and spread to media in the US especially Jewish media so to fight isolationism lead America to war.  Many were created on snowy ground to mimic the weather in Russia.  By November 26th,1941, Maschwitz declared to President Roosevelt: ''My service may easily and regularly deliver Nazi atrocities pictures. We made them in Canada.”  Section M was commanded by Jew Albert Eric Maschwitz OBE (6/10, 1901 – 10/27, 1969) who was agent G-106 of MI-6.  Maschwitz was an English entertainer, writer, broadcaster and broadcasting executive.  From November 1939, he served with the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS)/MI-6 D Section (sabotage).  In 1940, he briefly worked to establish a resistance organization in Beverley, Yorkshire, and for Army Welfare in London before being assigned to the Special Operations Executive (SOE).  In 1940 he was commissioned into the Intelligence Corps. He was then sent to New York City to work for the British Security Coordination (BSC).  Most of the well-known pictures of Nazi atrocities in Russia are FAKES.  Many reprisals were documented, but why would any office photograph “atrocity pictures”?  Some can easily be seen as fakes, such as victims being shot or in gullies fully clothed.  According to many other German sources, clothing was removed to be used both by German soldiers and civilians.

These new methods were worked out and applied after war broke out in 1939.  They were not of the genteel and persuasive type followed by Sir Gilbert Parker (see 1914) but were of a ruthless and irresponsible nature which should have made Rogerson gasp with astonishment, and were carried on not only with the connivance but the active assistance of prominent American officials such as J. Edgar Hoover and Colonel "Wild Bill" Donovan. They were directed by Sir William Stephenson, "the quiet Canadian," and are described in a book under this title by H. Montgomery Hyde.  It was literally an invasion of the United States by a British fifth column.

****Atrocity Pictures.  The following books and others elsewhere in this Thesis show how easily photographs can be doctored.:

One of the earliest book was Arthur Ponsonby's book Falsehood in Wartime (London, 1928), which exposes the faked photographs of German atrocities in the First World War.

“The Reconfigured Eye: Visual Truth in the Post-Photographic Era” by William J. Mitchell (7/25, 1992)  Enhanced? Or faked? Today the very idea of photographic veracity is being radically challenged by the emerging technology of digital image manipulation and synthesis: photographs can now be altered at will in ways that are virtually undetectable, and photorealistic synthesized images are becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish from actual photographs. Mitchell (dean, School of Architecture and Planning, MIT) analyzes the ethical and legal implications of digital imaging technology, the aesthetic potential of the computer medium, the loss of the supposed veracity of the photographic image, and the future of photography as we know it.   (Like Obama’s birth certificate?)

“Camera Clues: A Handbook for Photographic Investigation” by Joe Nickell (11/15, 1994)  In Camera Clues, Joe Nickell shares his methods of identifying and dating old photos and demonstrates how to distinguish originals from copies and fakes.  Particularly intriguing are his discussions of camera tricks, darkroom manipulations, retouching techniques, and uses of computer technology to deceive the eye.  Camera Clues concludes with a look at allegedly "paranormal" photography, from nineteenth-century "spirit photographs" to UFO snapshots. 

“Photo Fakery: The History and Techniques of Photographic Deception and Manipulation” by Dino A. Brugioni (4/1, 1999)  He presents hundreds of photographs that were contrived or altered & often succeeded in their fakery, sometimes even playing an important part in history.  He explains clearly, for the non-photographer, how these deceptions were accomplished & how to spot them. He also explores the benefits & dangers of doctored photos & the many problems they have created for the legal profession.  The book is profusely illustrated with examples never before seen by the general public.  As the CIA's expert on photo fakery, Dino A. Brugioni was one of the founders of the Agency's National Photographic Interpretation Center.  He was involved in the exploitation of U-2, SR-71, and satellite imagery, and discovered and analyzed World War II aerial photography taken of the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp.

“Phototruth Or Photofiction?: Ethics and Media Imagery in the Digital Age” by  Thomas H. Wheeler (5/1, 2002)  *recounts the invention of photography and how it came to be accorded an extraordinary degree of trust; *details how photos were staged, painted, composited and otherwise faked, long before digital technology; *lists contemporary image-altering products and practices; *details many examples of manipulated images in nonfiction media and lists rationales offered in defense of them; *explains how current ethical principles have been derived; *lays groundwork for an ethical protocol by explaining conventions of taking, processing, and publishing journalistic photos; and *offers tests for assessing the appropriateness of altered images in non-fiction media.

“Adobe Photoshop Forensics” by Cynthia Baron (10/29, 2007) It shows you how Photoshop is used to create many types of fakery and fraud, including scientific, counterfeiting, art, journalism, and political propaganda.  You'll discover that with some basic training in Photoshop's manipulation capabilities and a critical eye, you too can see through photographic hoaxes.  Follow along as each chapter explores a different genre of real-life frauds, both historical and current, and explains how the fakery was or could be detected.  A featured case file in each chapter carefully deconstructs a faked image so you can see the methods and processes followed by the image editing professionals who solve - and the perpetrators who commit - a variety of crimes.  Cynthia L. Baron is Associate Director of the undergraduate Multimedia Studies and graduate Digital Media programs at Northeastern University in Boston.

“Believing Is Seeing: Observations on the Mysteries of Photography” by Errol Morris (9/1, 2011)  Academy Award-winning filmmaker Errol Morris investigates the hidden truths behind a series of documentary photographs.  Morris untangles the mysteries behind an eclectic range of documentary photographs, from the ambrotype of three children found clasped in the hands of an unknown soldier at Gettysburg to the indelible portraits of the WPA photography project.  Each essay in the book presents the reader with a conundrum and investigates the relationship between photographs and the real world they supposedly record.  During the Crimean War, Roger Fenton took two nearly identical photographs of the Valley of the Shadow of Death-one of a road covered with cannonballs, the other of the same road without cannonballs.  Susan Sontag later claimed that Fenton posed the first photograph, prompting Morris to return to Crimea to investigate.  Can we recover the truth behind Fenton's intentions in a photograph taken 150 years ago?  What is the difference between journalistic evidence, fine art, and staged propaganda?  Morris reveals how photographs can obscure as much as they reveal and how what we see is often determined by our beliefs.  

Even more: Understanding Forensic Digital Imaging by Herbert L. Blitzer

Forensic Uses of Digital Imaging by John C. Russ

The Practical Methodology of Forensic Photography …by David R. Redsicker

Handbook of Digital Forensics and … by Eoghan Casey

Forensic Digital Imaging and Photography by Herbert L. Blitzer

Some simple, sample photographs:

   This is typical of the brazen forgeries engaged in by the Allies. The original photo of Hitler and Goering appeared on December 5, 1940, 6 months before the invasion of Russia in the German weekly "Kölnische Illustrierte Zeitung".   It appeared as a photo-montage in the widely circulated book "Pictorial history of W.W.II" by Charles Herridge, Hamlyn publishers, London, New York and Sydney. Captioned "A mocking German Propaganda photograph shows Hitler gleefully rubbing his hands, inspecting a landscape littered with dead Russian soldiers"

   This is how Simon Wiesenthal lied and how he forged the photo of German soldiers executed by the Americans, as they appeared in Life-Magazine January, 1945.  Wiesenthal published these retouched photos for his book "KZ-Mauthausen" claiming that it showed sadistically tortured and murdered concentration camp inmates. Notice the painted-in striped prison uniforms.

   This frequently reproduced photo of "the cruelty of the German Army" for allegedly hanging traitors in its own ranks, shows the German actor "Walter Ladengast" in the Hollywood film, "Decision at Dawn".

 The Yad Veshem Museum supplied this picture to the German magazine "Bunte Illustrierte" Nr. 14/87 to document German concentration camp atrocities. In fact, it shows Soviet soldiers in Soviet uniforms.

  This famous picture, was this- 

****Alsace-Lorraine is willingly incorporated into the Reich.

****Eupen-Malmedy is willingly annexed by Germany, with the clear consent of most of the inhabitants.

 Showing scenes from Eupen and Malmedy.

3/19, 2012  The British military planned to secretly arm Vichy France during the Second World War behind Churchill’s back, despite the fact they were fighting for enemy forces, new documents have revealed.  The British War Cabinet led by Winston Churchill offered a total national merger to France, which was rejected by the French cabinet.  Churchill did not know about secret plans to arm troops in Vichy France.  Not only were Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle unaware of the meeting, they were specifically banned from being told under orders of the British Chief of Staff, who feared their reaction.  The plan, which could have changed the course of world history, was intended to go into effect should the German Army be forced to retreat from France. (?Then it wouldn’t be Vichy France, would it?)  Then, it suggested, the British army should arm eight divisions of Vichy troops to help them land at Bordeaux or La Rochelle, and create a “corridor” to move supplies into occupied territory.  “It also shows that Vichy France was pragmatic – they were keeping their options open and hedging their bets as to whether Germany or the Allies were going to win.”

Allied troops invade Europe. 

Dunkirk:

May 26, 1940 - Hitler stops his generals from destroying Allied troops at Dunkirk and allows Evacuation of 340,000 Allied troops as he offers Peace Overture to England.   England refuses, its Jewish leaders want war.  There is no “Miracle at Dunkirk”, Hitler wanted peace and allowed the evacuation.  One third of these troops were French who then returned to join the Vichy Government.

As the British retreat certain British Army units used dum-dum bullets, banned under the Geneva Convention, against advancing German troops. They had also been ordered not to take any prisoners except for interrogation.  Downed German aircrews were executed on the spot.  "The widespread killing of suspected fifth columnists in France, Belgium and Holland, invariably on the basis of little or no evidence, reflects credit on no one, including the British Expeditionary Force. The fact that the total number of killings and summary executions probably ran into the low thousands during a campaign which lasted little more than a month is particularly disturbing." - James Hayward,

“The resolution in the face of total French collapse and the expulsion of Britain from the Continent set the stage for especially intense world propaganda about alleged Hitlerian plans to convert the planet into a slave state on the model of antiquity." - James J. Martin

**** Hitler gave many peace overtures.  He did not want war.  Dunkirk was a clear signal to his opponents.  He was determined to give England convincing proof of his ultimate good will towards the British Empire, by allowing the elite of Britain's fighting forces to escape to England. ...

Once France had proposed armistice, Hitler again refused to follow the logic of the military situation . He agreed to the basic French terms of Petain, and allowed two-fifths of France to the south, including the major Mediterranean port city, Marseilles, to remain unoccupied Vichy France, under Petain and Laval and their own French military and police control.  The colonies and the formidable French naval fleet were left untouched by Hitler, in his magnanimous gesture of good will. Had Germany taken the African colonies in the fall of France that would have closed the Mediterranean to British ships, allowing Italy free-hand to invade Egypt from Libya blocking the Suez Canal and the route to the Mideast, as well as India.  German U-boats, operating out of the French colonial port of Dakar on the west coast of Africa, could have blocked British ships en route to India via South Africa.  That would have choked off vital British oil supplies from Iran and the Middle East, and cut off her access to goods and soldiers from India, placing her naval fleet and her economy in a devastating disadvantage at a time when many in top British political circles, even some in Churchill's Cabinet such as Beaverbrook, were resigned to the inevitability of a peace deal with Hitler.

At a meeting June 17 in Munich, the day France's armistice offer was received, Hitler told Mussolini that he would not impose oppressive conditions on France.  When Mussolini suggested the demand that France turn over its naval fleet, Hitler rejected that idea outright as well.  This concession too, allowing the Petain government to hold on to the French fleet, was no small thing.  At the time, the French naval fleet, unlike other parts of its defense arsenal, was of high quality.  Two new battleships, 'Richelieu' and 'Jean Bart' had just been built. Were the French fleet to be added to the combined Naval capacities of Italy and Germany, it could quite well have destroyed British sea defenses and likely have forced a British surrender within months.  The entire American fleet, even had they wanted to come to England's aid, was unavailable.  It had been shifted early in 1940 to Hawaii and the Pacific, far away from Europe, in order to defend against a growing Japanese threat.

What could be of such over-riding importance in Hitler's thinking as to justify so extraordinary concessions as the colonies, the fleet and almost half of French territory? Hitler, after refusing Mussolini's demand for the French fleet, turned to the real subject on his mind -- England. In a discussion witnessed by Hitler's official interpreter, Paul Schmidt, Hitler told Mussolini, he was convinced it would not serve any useful purpose to destroy the British Empire. "It is, after all, a force for order in the world," insisted Hitler.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

May 28- Belgium surrenders with certain sovereignty rights and installs provisional government for cooperation with the Axis Economic Bloc.

May 28 British invade Norway: British and French troops succeed in seizing Narvik, Norway, after a month-long battle. (?)

June 3 - Germans roll into Paris; Dunkirk evacuation ends.

June 4 (3:40AM), the last evacuation ship departs from Dunkirk, leaving 40,000 French stragglers to be captured by the Germans.  Official figures state that 338,226 troops were evacuated, of which 112,000 were French.  There were also Czechs, Poles and Belgians among those evacuated.

(Note: Churchill turned Dunkirk, which was in reality an unmitigated defeat for the British and French forces, into a propaganda victory to prevent the British people from learning the true extent of the disaster.  More than 64,000 vehicles, tanks, and trucks, along with 500,000 tons of arms, ammunition and supplies were left behind. The Allies got away with virtually nothing but the shirts on their backs.) (Duffy)

June 5 General Erhard Milch, Goering's deputy, inspects the beach at Dunkirk and rushes back to report to Goering, telling him that, "I recommend that this very day all our air units -- both the Second and Third Air Forces -- should be moved up the Channel coast, and that Britain should be invaded immediately.  If we leave the British in peace for four weeks it will be too late." (Irving II)

Germany never bombs the civilian centers of Paris and northern France. 

 The Allies have their air strike bombing on civilians when they invade.

After the fall of France in the summer of 1940 the French National Assembly's Deputies (MPs) held the sessions in the city of Vichy's opera house. Here, they agreed to abolish the Constitution and the French Republic, and accord full powers to Marshall Petain for the duration of the occupation.  Of 649 deputies only 80 voted against.  None were arrested.  The new French Government was internationally recognized; except by Britain.  Paris immediately boomed with prosperity.  The new motto was 'Travail, Famille, Patrie (Work, Family, and Patriotism).  The Catholic  Church was once more free to teach in schools, and the industrious peasantry became the models for the New France.  The civil service was cleansed of corruption and the Freemasons cleared out.  The 'Statut des Juifs' gave a much wider definition of Jewish identity than did the National Socialist in Germany, though as citizens of France they were protected from deportation. However, Jews were banned from holding many public positions.  (More Frenchmen died fighting for Nazi Germany than died fighting against her.)

**José Vasconcelos Calderón (2/28, 1882 – 6/30, 1959) was a Mexican writer, philosopher and politician.  He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico.  His philosophy is against indigenismo.  It is in favor of the mixing of all races.  It does not favor the indigenous race.  [Is this just for Mexico?]  "Each of the great nations of History has believed itself to be the final and chosen one. [...] The Hebrews founded the belief in their superiority on oracles and divine promises.  The English found theirs on observations relative to domestic animals.  From the observation of cross-breeding and hereditary varieties in such animals, Darwinism emerged.  First, as a modest zoological theory, then as social biology that confers definitive preponderance to the English above all races.  Every imperialism needs a justifying philosophy". (La raza cósmica, 1948)

"Hitler, although he disposes of absolute power, finds himself a thousand leagues from Caesarism.  Power does not come to Hitler from the military base, but from the book that inspires the troops from the top. Hitler's power is not owed to the troops, nor the battalions, but to his own discussions... Hitler represents, ultimately, an idea, the German idea, so often humiliated previously by French militarism and English perfidy. Truthfully, we find civilian governed 'democracies' fighting against Hitler.  But they are democracies in name only". ("La Inteligencia se impone", Timon 16, June 8, 1940)

 June 7 French fighter planes bomb Berlin.

June 10 Italian troops invade southern France.  Roosevelt describes Mussolini's invasion as a "stab in the back."

June 10 - Norway allows German occupation to forestall British invasion and installs friendly government for cooperation with the Axis Economic Bloc.  Italy declares war on Britain and France.

 Canada declares war on Italy.

  ****Theresienstadt – An example of a Jewish community. --Not open until after the War begins and 7 years after the Nazis get elected to majority power.  It is only now, after 7 years that Jews are added to the prison populations as potential enemies (like the Japanese, Germans and Italians in the US).  Nearly 150,000 Jews continue service in the armed forces and the majority of German Jews continue to survive in open society.  Rich Jews have left Germany. 

June 10, the Gestapo took control of Terezín and set up prison in the Small Fortress.  By November 24, 1941, the Main Fortress (i.e. the town Theresienstadt) was turned into a walled ghetto. Theresienstadt - A  Bohemian paradise 300 miles south of Berlin in Czechoslovakia.  This was an experimental relocation center (village) for Jews, and is never discussed.  It was built in 1780 by Joseph II of the Hapsburg family.  Theresienstadt was named after Empress Maria Theresa.  It is a walled town which is located between Dresden with Prague.  Originally it was as a military garrison at the junction of the Ohre and Elbe rivers.  Hitler wanted a colony of German Jewish artists to show that he wasn’t against Jewish culture, only its negative influences, and serve as a example of his generosity.  Many other free, faithful German Jews were given the right to be here to be cared for, such as military veterans.

In November 1941, Czech workers were sent to transform the small garrison town of Terezín, Czechoslovakia into the Theresienstadt camp. Here they incarcerated some of Europe's most gifted artists, musicians, composers and writers who sustained an active cultural community.  The town was for Jewish artisans, the wealthy and their families. There were artists, writers, scientists and jurists, diplomats, musicians, retired military and others.

Franz E. Klein staged the operas "Carmen", "La Tosca", and "Rigoletto" at Terezin, with the help of conductor and chorus-master Rafael Schachter. . Karel Fleishmann (who was also a physician), Otto Ungar, Peter Kien, and Ferdinand Bloch were painters whoPavel Haas, Gideon Klein, Hans Krása and Viktor Ullmann were prized pupils and assistants of musical luminaries Leos Janacek and Arnold Schoenberg.

Jewish elders ran the camp - Jakub Edelstein, was the first elder and he ran it from 1941 - 1943.  He was arrested for falsifying camps records.  The second was Dr. Paul Eppstein who was followed by Dr Murmelstein in Sept 1944.  The camp government contained a number of supplementary departments to keep the camp running as smoothly as possible.  Besides the Administration department, there were Economic, Financial, Technical, and Health and Social Care departments.  These factions kept track of the full gamut of camp operations, from determinations to fire fighting to burials.  The ghetto was administered by the SS.  Its first commandant was SS Officer Dr. Siegfried Seidl (1941 -1943).  Second was SS-First Lieutenant ( 1943 -  1944).  The final commandant was SS Karl Rahm.  Camp guarded by Czech police gendarmes.   There were none of the SS to be seen. 

Ferdinand Bloch and Pavel Haas were just a few of the famous artists.  They led classes and produced many protégées like Leos Janacek, Alexander Zemlinsky, Arnold Schoenberg and Alois Haba. 

Jewish composers wrote operas such as The Emperor of Atlantis.  Peter Kien's story is about a mythical kingdom in which no one dies, even mortally wounded soldiers.  It was a satire on the political situation of WWII.   It included seven singers and full orchestra. Apart from a handful of string quartets and some songs, not much enduring music came out of Terazin itself.

The cabaret scene had been present from the very early days in the men’s barracks under the leadership of Karel Svenk—a multitalented writer, director, actor, and producer.  His first cabaret, The Lost Food Card, brought laughter and hope to the audience, particularly through the finale tune, The Terezin March.

Theresienstadt had a first class symphony some of music created.  The town had three jazz bars.  Cabarets were a late night staple.

Some of Hans Krasa's works had been performed by both the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Boston Symphony Orchestra.  Though they were unstaged, his choruses also performed operas, particularly favoring two beloved Czech standards, Smetana’s The Bartered Bride and The Kiss Ticket.  Their familiarity to Czech audiences made them easy favorites and especially comforting.  Schacter’s most impressive and legendary feat, however, was his successful interpretation of Verdi’s Requiem.

Theresienstadt was a magical place for the children because of the concentration of wealthy and artistic families.  The town was an 18th century treasure built around parks.  The schools were organized by talented Jewish artist that were 50 yrs ahead of their time.

Hans Krasa’s Brundibar, a children’s opera of good versus evil written in Czech, tells the tale of two children on a mission to buy milk for their sick mother.  As they sing to raise money for the milk, their earnings are stolen by the evil old organ-grinder, Brundibar, who was displeased by the competition.  With the help of a Sparrow, a Cat, and a Dog-also played by children-the brother and sister are able to outwit Brundibar, reclaim their money, and finally bring milk home to their mother.  Performed at least 55 times, the opera was one of the most popular performance pieces in Terezin's entire repertoire-every ticket was highly desired. 

Purim, the Jewish holiday of Revenge against Gentiles was even still held here in 1944 (under German assent).

In June 1944, the ICRC visited Theresienstadt.  The detractors claim that the Germans modeled it for the visit, yet on 9/13, 1942, the Nazis had opened shops in Theresienstadt where the Jews could buy second-hand clothing and other goods.  Eventually 8 such shops were opened.  On 12/8, 1942, the Nazis had opened a cafe, facing the main square in Theresienstadt, where the Jewish inmates could meet to socialize and listen to music.  On 5/12, 1943, a bank was opened in Theresienstadt and camp money was printed to pay the Jews for their labor in the ghetto factories. This money could be used at the ghetto cafe or to buy items at the ghetto shops.  In July 1943 the numbers and letters on the streets and buildings were changed to names.

Bookbindery / Sculpture / Workshop / Workshop

Recreation area / Concert Hall / Soccer Match

June 14 General von Bock, commander of Army Group B, flies into the "open city" of Paris and stands at the Arc de Triomphe just in time to take the salute of the first combat troops into the city.  It is a parade, not a battle, and the German army quickly occupies Paris. (Toland)

****More on France:

 Joseph Athanase Paul Doumer (3/22, 1857 – 5/7, 1932) was the President of France from 6/13, 1931 until his assassination by  Dr. Paul Gourgoulov, a Russian émigré (Jew?). 

 Paul Gorguloff (6/29, 1895 – 9/14, 1932) was a Russian émigré who assassinated French President Paul Doumer.

1936 7/17 France nationalizes its munitions industry.

1937 6/21 Leon Blum resigns as premier of France. Camille Chautemps forms a radical Socialist government, with Blum as vice premier.

 André Léon Blum (4/,9 1872 – 3/30, 1950) was a French Jew politician, usually identified with the moderate left, and three times Prime Minister of France.  (6/4, 1936 – 6/22, 1937) (3/13,– 4/10, 1938) (12/16, 1946 – 1/22, 1947)

 Camille Chautemps (1885–1963) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic, three times President of the Council (Prime Minister).  (2/21,– 3/2, 1930) (11/26, 1933 – 1/30, 1934) (6/22, 1937 – 1/18, 1938) (1/18– 3/13, 1938)

 **** The French Third Republic was the republican government of France between the end of the Second French Empire (following the defeat of Louis-Napoléon in the Franco-Prussian War) in 1870 and the Vichy Regime after the invasion of France by the German Third Reich in 1940.  Under the Third and Fourth Republic, which were parliamentary systems, the office of President of the Republic was a largely ceremonial and powerless one. Throughout its seventy-year history, the Third Republic stumbled from crisis to crisis, from dissolved parliaments to the appointment of a mentally ill president.  It struggled through World War I against the German Empire and the inter-war years saw much political strife with a growing rift between the right and the left.  Jews who lived in France since about 1870 were only 1.2%, but with the influx of foreign Polish/Russian Jews their influence grew, especially in the leftist parties.  Like in the other European countries they owned a high percentage of banks, media and industry for their numbers.

Georges Mandel (Born Louis George Rothschild June 5, 1885—July 7, 1944) was a politician, journalist, and French Resistance leader  A member of a prosperous Jewish family, he served as a personal aide to Georges Clemenceau (1906 – 09, 1917 – 20), in the National Assembly (1919 – 24, 1928 – 40), and in cabinet posts (1934 – 40).  **Mandel invented a new label for POW’s to avoid giving them their Geneva rights.  (Shades of Eisenhower and George Bush Jr.) As minister of the interior (1940), he supported Paul Reynaud's refusal to accept an armistice with Germany.  Mandel was arrested in 1940, imprisoned in France and Germany, then returned to Paris in 1944, where he was shot on orders of the Vichy police chief.   Mandel also helped Clemenceau control the press and the trade union movement during the First World War.  Prime Ministers:

105th In office 1/31– 10/26, 1933 Édouard Daladier (French Radical) (6/18, 1884 – 10/10, 1970)

106th In office 10/26 -11/26, 1933 Albert-Pierre Sarraut (Masonic family) (7/28, 1872 – 11/26, 1962)

107th In office 11/26, 1933 – 1/30, 1934 Camille Chautemps (French Radical) (2/1, 1885-7/1, 1963)(Also 2/21-3/2, 1930)  (Jewish  Stavisky Affair forced his resignation)

108th In office 1/30 -2/9 1934 Édouard Daladier (French Radical)

109th In office 2/9 -11/8 1934 Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (8/1, 1863 – 6/18, 1937) (Protestant & turned right as aged) (Also 12/9, 1913-6/9, 1914)

110th In office 11/8, 1934 – 6/1, 1935 Pierre-Étienne Flandin (4/12, 1889-6/13, 1958) (conservative)

111th In office 6/1-6/7, 1935 Fernand Bouisson (6/16, 1874- 12/28, 1959) (voted for Petain)

112th In office 6/7, 1935 – 1/24, 1936 Pierre Laval (6/28, 1883 – 10/15, 1945) (served Vichy) (Also 1/27, 1931-2/20, 1932)

113th of France In office 1/24 -6/4, 1936 Albert-Pierre Sarraut (Masonic family)

114th of France In office 6/4, 1936 – 6/22, 1937 André Léon Blum (Jew) (4/9, 1872 – 3/30, 1950) “Young girls will return from, their lovers as naturally as they now return from having tea with a friend. Virginity, thrown off gaily and early, will no longer exercise this singular restraint which comes from modesty, dignity and a sort of fear...   I have never discerned what there is about incest which is really repulsive. I merely note that it is natural and frequent for sister and brother to be lovers.” - Leon Blum – Jewish Prime Minister of France, DU MARIAGE.

115th In office 6/22, 1937 – 3/13, 1938 Camille Chautemps (French Radical)

116th In office 3/13 -4/10, 1938 André Léon Blum (Jew)

117th In office 4/10, 1938 – 3/21, 1940 Édouard Daladier (French Radical)

118th In office 3/21-6/16, 1940 Paul Reynaud (10/15, 1878 – 9/21, 1966) (grew to dislike Germany)

**Philippe Pétain -Chief of the French State In office 7/11, 1940 – 8/19, 1944

119th In office 6/16 -7/11, 1940 Philippe Pétain   Pétain remained the nominal Head of Government until April 18, 1942

120th In office (as Vice-President of the Council) 7/11 -12/13, 1940 Pierre Laval 

121st In office (as Vice-President of the Council) 12/13, 1940 – 2/9, 1941 Pierre-Étienne

122nd In office (as Vice-President of the Council) 2/9, 1941 – 4/18, 1942 François Darlan (8/7, 1881 – 12/24, 1942) Darlan had become Admiral of the Fleet.

123rd In office 4/18, 1942 – 8/20, 1944 Pierre Laval

President of the Provisional Government of the French Republic In office 8/20, 1944 – 1/20, 1946 DeGaulle

128th of France (President of the Provisional Government) In office 12/16, 1946 – 1/22, 1947 André Léon Blum (Jew)

The Fourth Republic was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution.  It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic and suffered many of the same problems.  France adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on October 13, 1946.

The Fifth Republic is current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 4, 1958.  The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the French Fourth Republic, replacing a parliamentary government with a semi-presidential system.  It is France's third longest enduring regime, after the Ancien Régime and the Third Republic.  The constitution of the Fifth Republic greatly increased the President's powers.  A 1962 referendum changed the constitution, so that the President would be directly elected by universal suffrage and not by the parliament.

The French Fifth Republic is a semi-presidential system.  Unlike many other European presidents, the office of the French President is quite powerful.  Although it is the Prime Minister of France and parliament that oversee much of the nation's actual lawmaking, the French President wields significant influence.  The president holds the nation's most senior office, and outranks all other politicians.  The president's greatest power is his or her ability to choose the Prime Minister.  However, since only the French National Assembly has the power to dismiss the Prime Minister's government, the president is forced to name a prime minister who can command the support of a majority in the assembly.

****French Third Republic

 Petain: “Frenchmen! You are not sold, betrayed or abandoned.  Come to me with confidence.”

****French Patriots:

The Milice française (French Militia), generally called simply Milice, was a paramilitary force created on January 30, 1943 by the Vichy Regime, with German aid, to help fight the French Resistance.  The Milice's formal leader was Prime Minister Pierre Laval, though its chief of operations, and actual leader, was Secretary General Joseph Darnand. It participated in summary executions, assassinations and helped round up the Jews and résistants in France for deportation. It was the successor to Joseph Darnand's Service d'ordre légionnaire (SOL) militia.

June 14, 1940 - Germans enter Paris.  Waffen SS is formed with 50-60% non-Germans

June 16 - Marshal Pétain, French WWI Hero becomes French Prime Minister in what is named Vichy France.  Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (4/24, 1856 – 7/23, 1951), generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain (Maréchal Pétain), was a French general who reached the distinction of Marshal of France, and was later Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l'État Français), from 1940 to 1944.  Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as France's oldest head of state.  Because of his outstanding military leadership in World War I, particularly during the Battle of Verdun, he was viewed as a hero in France.  However, as the highest ranking military authority of the 1920s and 1930s, he did not modernize the French military except for the Maginot Line.  After the French defeat in June 1940, Pétain was legally voted in as Head of State (Chef de l'Etat) by the French Parliament to make peace with Germany.  Along with his cabinet, which later included Pierre Laval, he transformed the French Republic into the French State, an authoritarian régime administered from the town of Vichy in central France.  As the war progressed, the Vichy Government collaborated more closely with the Germans, who in 1943 finally supervised the whole of metropolitan France.  Petain's actions during World War II resulted in a conviction and death sentence for treason, which was commuted to life imprisonment by his former protegé Charles de Gaulle. In modern France he is remembered as an ambiguous figure while pétainisme is a derogatory term for certain reactionary policies.

When Pétain took power, the French army was still fighting in the North whereas the British Expeditionary Force left at Dunkirk. French morale was low when they realized they protected the flight of cowards.  Pétain called for an armistice because the lives of French soldiers were more important than egos in the HQ.  When the Royal navy aircraft bombed the French fleet at Mers El-Kebir without warning or war declaration, Pétain said, "There is a stain on our flag.  And it isn't a French stain."  Britain was then considered as an enemy, a perfid one.  That motivated Pétain to enter a collaboration policy with Germany.

More Frenchmen died fighting for Nazi Germany than died fighting against her.

The new motto was 'Travail, Famille, Patrie (Work, Family, and Patriotism).  The Catholic Church was once more free to teach in schools, and the industrious peasantry became the models for the New France.  The civil service was cleansed of corruption and the Freemasons cleared out.

The 'Statut des Juifs' gave a much wider definition of Jewish identity than did the National Socialist in Germany, though Jews were banned from holding many public positions.

Pierre Eugène Drieu La Rochelle (1/3, 1893-3/15, 1945) was a French writer of novels, short stories and political essays, who lived and died in Paris.  He became a proponent of French fascism in the 1930s, and was a well-known collaborationist during the German occupation.

Paul Claudel (8/6, 1868 – 2/23, 1955) was a French poet, dramatist and diplomat, and the younger brother of the sculptor Camille Claudel.  He was most famous for his verse dramas, which often convey his devout Catholicism.

Georges Bernanos (2/20, 1888 – 7/5, 1948) was a French author, and a soldier in World War I.  Of Roman Catholic and monarchist leanings, he was a violent adversary to bourgeois thought and to what he identified as defeatism leading to France's defeat in 1940.  He initially celebrated Francisco Franco and the Fascist Falange due to the anticlerical atrocities of the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War.  From exile he mocked the 'ridiculous' Vichy regime and became a strong supporter of the nationalist Free French Forces led by the conservative Charles de Gaulle.

Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (4/20, 1868 – 11/16, 1952) was a French author, poet, and critic.  He was a leader and principal thinker of Action Française, a political movement that was monarchist, anti-parliamentarist, and counter-revolutionary.  Maurras quickly came to acclaim the fall of the Third Republic, replaced by Marshal Philippe Pétain's Vichy France, as a "divine surprise".  One of the main thinkers of ethnic nationalism.  He pointed out the Jewish rise to power in post-revolutionary France, and how the anti-clerical republicanism they fostered by no means interfered with their acquisition of enormous riches and the impoverishment of the state. (Aspects of France)

Robert Brasillach (3/31, 1909 – 2/6, 1945) was a French author and journalist.  Brasillach is best known as the editor of Je suis partout, a nationalist newspaper which came to advocate various fascist movements and locally in France it supported Jacques Doriot.  After the liberation of France in 1944 he was executed.  Brasillach called out "Long live France anyway!" ("Vive la France quand même!")

Jacques Doriot (9/26, 1898-2/22, 1945) was a French politician.  He began as a Communist but then turned Fascist.

Marcel Déat (3/7, 1894-1/5, 1955) was a French Socialist until 1933, when he initiated a spin-off from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) along with other right-wing 'Neosocialists'.   He then founded the Collaborationist (RNP, National Popular Rally) during the Vichy regime.

In France many celebrities continued their careers under German occupation:

Alfred Fabre-Luce, (5/16 1899-5/17 1983) was a French journalist and writer.  He was an apologist for Hitler’s New Europe and criticized Jews who were hostile to Petain, saying that Petain protected them.

 Édith Piaf (12/19 1915 – 10/11 1963), born Édith Giovanna Gassion, was a French singer and cultural icon who became universally regarded as France's greatest popular singer.  Her singing reflected her life, with her specialty being ballads.  Among her songs are "La Vie en rose" (1946), "Non, je ne regrette rien" (1960), "Hymne à l'amour" (1949), "Milord" (1959), "La Foule" (1957), "l'Accordéoniste" (1955), and "Padam... Padam..." (1951).  Much of Piaf's life is shrouded in mystery.  Her mother was of French descent on her father's side and of Italian and Berber origin on her mother's. (Sounds like a Jew to me.)  Her father, was a Norman street acrobat with a past in the theatre.  Before he enlisted with the French Army in 1916 to fight in World War I, her father took her to his mother, who ran a brothel in Normandy.  There, prostitutes helped look after Piaf.  By 1933, she was singing at Lulu’s, a lesbian dive.   Hookers, pimps and lowlifes were her family.  Though married, Marlene Dietrich had an affair with her.  During World War II, she was a frequent performer at German Forces social gatherings in occupied France, and many considered her a traitor; but following the war she stated that she had been working for the French Resistance (there is no evidence of this).  She dated a Jew pianist during the Occupation.  The Germans also allowed her to sing at POW camps where the French were held.  She was denied a funeral mass by the Roman Catholic archbishop of Paris because of her lifestyle, but her funeral procession drew tens of thousands of mourners onto the streets of Paris and the ceremony at the cemetery was attended by more than 100,000 fans (sounds like a decadent rock star idol).

 Maurice Auguste Chevalier (9/12, 1888 – 1/1, 1972) was a French actor, singer, and popular vaudeville entertainer.  Chevalier's signature songs included "Louise", "Mimi", "Valentine", and "Thank Heaven for Little Girls".  During the occupation, Chevalier kept performing for audiences.

    Alexandre-Pierre Georges "Sacha" Guitry (2/21, 1885 – 7/24, 1957) was a French (born in Russia, a Jew?) stage actor, film actor, director, screenwriter, and playwright of the Boulevard theatre.  He continued to live in his villa and had the rare privilege of being allowed to drive on Sunday.

 Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (7/5 1889 – 10/11 1963) was a French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, boxing manager, playwright, artist and filmmaker.  He was a queer.  He continued unhindered through the occupation.

Eugène Schueller (3/20, 1881 Paris – 8/23, 1957) was the founder of L'Oréal, the world's leading company in cosmetics and beauty.  Schueller provided financial support and held meetings for La Cagoule at L'Oréal headquarters.  La Cagoule was a French fascist-leaning and anti-communist group.  L'Oréal hired several members of the group as executives after WW II, such as Jacques Corrèze, who served as CEO of the U.S. operation.  This involvement was extensively researched by Michael Bar-Zohar in his book, Bitter Scent.

The Mouvement Social Révolutionnaire (MSR) was a Fascist movement founded in France in September 1940.  Its founder was Eugène Deloncle, who was previously associated with La Cagoule (CSAR).

In Vichy France, Jazz music was allowed and flourished, French non-communist Jews and blacks walked freely.

 Josephine Baker (6/3, 1906 – 4/12, 1975) was a dancer, singer, and actress who found fame in her adopted homeland of France.  She renounced her American citizenship in 1937 to become French.  She was given such nicknames as the "Bronze Venus", the "Black Pearl", and the "Créole Goddess".  Baker was the first African American female to star in a major motion picture, to integrate an American concert hall, and to become a world-famous entertainer.  She is also noted for assisting the French (communist) Resistance during WW II, and for being the first American-born woman to receive the French military honor, the Croix de guerre.  Baker returned to Paris in 1937, married a Frenchman, Jean Lion, who was Jewish, and became a French citizen.

 Bernard Faÿ (4/3, 1893– 12/31, 1978) was a French historian of Franco-American relations and an anti-Masonic polemicist.  He knew the United States first hand, having studied at Harvard, and translated into French an excerpt of Gertrude Stein's The Making of Americans and wrote his view of the United States as it was at the beginning of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration.  He also published studies of Benjamin Franklin and George Washington.  Faÿ was a friend of Gertrude Stein and of the American composer Virgil Thomson, who owed to Fay his access to French intellectual circles, for Faÿ knew most of the people in musical and literary Paris.  He replaced Julien Cain as general administrator of the National Library during the occupation, and Director of the anti-Masonic service of the Vichy Government.  During his tenure of this office, his secretary Gueydan de Roussel was in charge of preparing the card indexes containing 60,000 names drawn from archives seized from secret societies, which Marshal Philippe Pétain was convinced were at the heart of all France's troubles.  Faÿ was a friend of Gertrude Stein.  In 1935 Fay wrote “Revolution and Freemasonry 1680-1800”, where he asserted that the Freemasons were responsible for the French Revolution.  The lists of names of Masons were released to the official gazette of the Vichy government for publication, and many Catholic papers copied these lists in order to induce public opprobrium.

 Gertrude Stein (2/3, 1874 – 7/27, 1946) was an American Jew writer, poet and art collector who spent most of her life in France.  Prior to World War II she made public her opinion that Adolf Hitler should be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.  "I say that Hitler ought to have the peace prize, because he is removing all the elements of contest and of struggle from Germany.  By driving out the Jews and the democratic and Left element, he is driving out everything that conduces to activity.  That means peace.... By suppressing Jews... he was ending struggle in Germany," (New York Times Magazine, May 6, 1934).  Politically, Gertrude Stein was deeply conservative; she regarded the jobless as lazy, opposed Franklin Roosevelt and his New Deal and supported Franco in the Spanish Civil War.   (see 1921)  In 1941, at Bernard Faÿ’s suggestion, Jew Gertrude Stein agreed to translate a set of speeches by Marshal Philippe Pétain—a hundred eighty pages of anti-Jewish speeches—into English. (She hoped that they would be published in America, although they never were.) In her preface to the translation, she compared Pétain with George Washington as “first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of countrymen.”

 Louis Vuitton Malletier is a French fashion house founded in 1854.  The label's LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses, and books.  During WW II, Louis Vuitton collaborated with the Nazis during the German occupation of France.  The French book “Louis Vuitton: A French Saga”, tells how members of the Vuitton family actively aided the government led by Pétain and increased their wealth from their business affairs with the Germans.  The family set up a factory dedicated to producing artifacts glorifying Pétain, including more than 2,500 busts.

 Arletty (5/15, 1898 – 7/24, 1992) was a French actress, singer, and fashion model.  Arletty was a stage performer for ten years before her film debut in 1930.  Arletty was imprisoned in 1945 for her wartime liaison with a German Luftwaffe officer, Hans-Jürgen Soehring, during the occupation of France.  She allegedly later commented on the experience, "My heart is French but my ass is international."  After a moderately successful period as a stage actress in later life, an accident in 1963 left her nearly blind, forcing her to retire.

(More French Patriots in 1930)

 Cartoons of the characters Bashful and Doc from the 1937 Disney film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which were signed A.H., and an unsigned sketch of Pinocchio as he appeared in the 1940 Disney film were found.  Remember Hitler was an artist.  Hitler is known to have owned a copy of Snow White, the classic animated adaptation of a German fairy tale, and to have viewed it in his private cinema.

6/11, 1940 "Europe for the Europeans” Wiegand interview with Hitler.

 Karl Henry von Wiegand (1874- 1961) was a German born American journalist and war correspondent.  Von Wiegand worked from 1911 until 1917 for the United Press and from 1917 for Hearst Newspapers.  Wiegand was the first American journalist to interview Hitler, having first met him in 1921.  He was one of the first journalists to take Hitler seriously, however, and his story was published on 11/12, 1922, a year before the Beer Hall Putsch.  As such, Wiegand provided the first introduction Americans had to Hitler.  He referred to him as the "German Mussolini", and expressed genuine concern about his popularity, writing "The shadow of the Fascisti is arising in Germany.  Whether what is yet only a shadow will clothe itself in the flesh, blood and spirit of the German Mussolini, depends on a number of things."  He also emphasized his "man of the people" qualities, his charisma, and his electrifying speaking ability.  He pegged him as a potentially great leader, saying "Hitler has the earmarks of a leader.  Whether it be merely a band or a great movement, only the future will tell."  A month after Germany invaded France in World War II, Karl secured an interview with Hitler and published his report "Europe for the Europeans : Adolf Hitler on the international situation during the war in France.  Later, Lady Drummond-Hay and Karl von Wiegand were interned in a Japanese camp in Manila, Philippines.  

June 11 New Zealand, Australia, South Africa declare war on Italy. 

June 15-17, 1940 Soviets invade Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

1940 June 16 The French ask Britain to be released from its obligation not to make a separate peace.  A British offer to establish a state of union between the two countries is rejected by the French. Paul Reynaud is forced to resign as Prime Minister and Marshal Philippe Petain is chosen to replace him.  The French government requests an armistice and the Battle of France is over.

1940 June 17 Churchill broadcasts a message declaring that the Battle of France is over and the Battle of Britain is about to begin, saying, "if the British Empire and Commonwealth last for a thousand years(a Reich?), men will say: This was their finest hour."

June 18 - Hitler and Mussolini meet in Munich; Soviets begin occupation of the Baltic States and Jewish Commissars start to execute nationalist leaders.

June 22 - France signs an armistice with the Nazis for cooperation with the Axis Economic Bloc.   June 23 - Hitler tours Paris.  The French are delighted with his graciousness and crime plummets while the economy flourishes.

    Louis-Ferdinand Céline was the pen name of French writer and doctor Louis-Ferdinand Destouches (5/27, 1894 – 7/1, 1961).  The name "Céline" was chosen after his grandmother's first name.  Céline is considered one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century, developing a new style of writing that modernized both French and World literature.  During the development of Nazi Germany, he wrote three typically cynical and antisemitic books: Trifles for a Massacre (1937), School of Corpses (1938) and The Fine Mess (1941).  The massacre that Céline had in mind was that of the "goïms," or Gentiles, who he thought would be led in slaughter once again in another great war. 

A characteristic paragraph from Celine:  “All the same, you need only consider, a little more closely, the pretty puss of the average kike, male or female, to remember it forever… Those spying eyes, lyingly pale…that uptight smile…those live-stocking lips that recall: a hyena…And then out of nowhere there is that look that drifts, heavy, leaden, stunned…the nigger’s blood that flows…Those twitchy naso-labial commisures…twisted, furrowed, downward curving, defensive, hollowed by hate and disgust…for you!... for the abject animal of the enemy race, accursed, to be destroyed… Their nose, the “toucan” beak of the swindler, the traitor, the felon…the sordid schemes, the betrayals, a nose that points to, lowers toward, and falls over their mouths, their hideous slots, that rotten banana, their croissant, their filthy kike grins, boorish, slimy, even in beauty pageants, the very outline of a sucking snout: the Vampire….  It’s pure zoology!...elementary!...It’s your blood these ghouls are after!...It’s enough to make you scream… to shudder, if you have the least inkling of instinct left in your veins, if anything still moves around in your meat and your head, other than pasty lukewarm rhetoric, stuffed with cunning little tricks, the gray suit of bloodless clichés, marinated in alcohol… Grins of the kind you find on Jewish pusses, understand, aren’t improvised, they don’t date from yesterday or from the Dreyfuss Affair… They erupt from the depths of the ages, to terrify us, to draw us into miscegenation, into bloody Talmudic mires and, finally, into the Apocalypse!...(translation by Wyatt mason)

 Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel (8/19, 1883 – 1/10, 1971) was a pioneering French fashion designer whose modernist philosophy, menswear-inspired fashions, and pursuit of expensive simplicity made her an important figure in 20th-century fashion.  She was the founder of the famous fashion brand Chanel.  Her extraordinary influence on fashion was such that she was the only person in the couturier field to be named on Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century.  She lived in the Hôtel Ritz Paris on and off for more than 30 years, making the hotel her Paris home even during the German occupation.  During that time she was criticized for having an affair with Hans Gunther von Dincklage, a German officer and Nazi spy who arranged for her to remain in the hotel.  Chanel was later charged as a collaborator, but avoided trial due to an intervention by the British Royal family.  Even though the sun was seen as beneficial only 20-30 years prior, Chanel accidentally began the rage after getting a sunburn on the Rivera around 1923.  Chanel also began the ‘little black dress”.

08/16 2011 "Sleeping with the Enemy: Coco Chanel's Secret Wars" by Hal Vaughan. Vaughan's book alleges that iconic French fashion designer Coco Chanel was an anti-Semite and a Nazi spy and agent of Germany's Abwehr military intelligence organization that undertook wartime missions to Berlin and Madrid. It also suggests that Chanel capitalized on laws allowing for the expropriation of Jewish property to wrest control of the Chanel perfume lines from the Jew Wertheimer brothers.  The Chanel Company says "She would hardly have formed a relationship with the family" — which currently owns the entire Chanel brand empire — "or counted Jewish people among her close friends and professional partners".

June 28 - Britain recognizes communist Gen. Charles de Gaulle as the Free French leader of minority party composed of leftists, Jews, Communists, etc.

Long before US enters the war, Roosevelt had US ships trailing German submarines and radioing their positions to British torpedo planes.  Roosevelt ordered US naval ships to shoot German subs on sight.

"If the people really knew, the war would be stopped tomorrow.  But, of course, they don't know and they can't know.  The correspondents don't write and the censorship would not pass the truth." British Prime Minister David Lloyd George (1863-1945) speaking to the editor of the Manchester Guardian

"I strive not to throw Europe into this criminal adventure.  But the States, even the British Crown, are not the masters of their destiny.  Powers that elude us are promoting in Great Britain, as in other countries, special interests and an aberrant idealism." Stanley Baldwin (1867-1947), English statesman; Leader of the Conservative Party & British Prime Minister 1924-29 and 1935-37

The Channel Islands were occupied by Germany from 6/30, 1940 -5/9, 1945.  The Channel Islands are two British Crown dependencies in the English Channel, near the coast of Normandy.  The Channel islands received autonomy from Britain in their 1204 charter.  The inhabited islands of the Channel Islands are Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark and Herm (the main islands); Jethou, Brecqhou (Brechou) and Lihou, all except Jersey in the Bailiwick of Guernsey.  There are also uninhabited islets: the Minquiers, Écréhous, Les Dirouilles and Les Pierres de Lecq (the Paternosters), part of the Bailiwick of Jersey; and Burhou and the Casquets lie off Alderney.  The Germans were received without resistance and much fraternization commenced.

Brits Interned by their own Government:

"From that time onwards I had a strong suspicion that there was some mysterious power at work behind the scenes controlling the actions of the figures visibly taking part in the Government of the country. I had not the least idea whence this power emanated, nor could I gauge the strength of its influence. I was in far too humble a position to make such lofty discoveries.  Still the feeling persisted.  We always vaguely referred to this hidden control amongst ourselves as the Treasury ... This mysterious power ... [I christened] Judmas, because, as I discovered at a much later date, its source is the Judaeo-Masonic combination, which has wielded such a baneful influence in world history for many centuries."- Admiral Sir Barry Edward Domvile (1878-1971) K.B.E. (Knight Commander, Order of the British Empire), C.B.(Companion, Order of the Bath), C.M.G. (Commander, Order of St Michael and St George) assistant secretary on the Imperial Defence Committee, Director of Naval Intelligence (1927-30) and President of the Royal Naval College (1932-34).  Due to his pro-Nazi views, Domvile was interned during World War II under Defence Regulation 18B from 7 July 1940 to 29 July 1943.  He was unbowed:  "I have no regrets whatever for undertaking the voyage, as I should always have reproached myself if I had failed to do my utmost to draw attention to the contemplated betrayal of all true British interests.  It is a matter for deep regret, however, that my misgivings have been only too completely justified by the passage of events."

Along with Domville, nearly two thousand less well known men and women were imprisoned by the Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison and Prime Minister, Winston Churchill.  Domvile's autobiography, From Admiral to Cabin Boy, was written during this imprisonment and published in 1947.

 All homosexual acts were considered criminal in the Netherlands during the German occupation.  But only men who had intercourse with young boys were prosecuted.  The Dutch traditionally remember their victims of the War on May 4th.  As the queen attends the official ceremonies on Amsterdam's Dam Square, a procession walks to the ‘Homomonument’ near the Western Church.  The gay monument was established in 1987 to commemorate the victims of the Nazi regime who were "persecuted because of their homosexual feelings".  In fact, very few of those people were persecuted in the Netherlands, says historian Anna Tijsseling, “Guilty sex: Homosexual indecency offences around the German occupation”.  Actually, the legal prosecution of homosexuals was more intense before and immediately after the war, her research shows.  Her conclusions counter the generally accepted view of Dutch homosexuals as victims of the Nazis.  Tijsseling calls this image "a persistent fiction, created by the gay-emancipation movement in the 1970s."

"Homosexuality was seen as a disorder, with older men infecting younger boys".  In theory, the German legislation made it possible to prosecute all gay people.  One reason why fewer gays were prosecuted was the overloaded judiciary.  "The system was practically buried in/ up to its ears in financial and political crimes.  The Hague police still had a sex crimes department, but fewer cases came before the court.  Those convicted were not imprisoned because of a shortage of cells."  Dutch homosexuals were relatively safe during the occupation. The Hague Pub became an openly gay bar in 1943. And there was one gay man who organized weekly parties in his home.  These became so popular that even German soldiers started attending them (as a joke?).  The host was prosecuted in the end, for serving liquor without a license.  In Germany, between 1933 and 1945 an estimated 100,000 men were arrested as homosexuals, of which some 50,000 were officially sentenced. Most of these men served time in regular prisons, and an estimated 5,000 to 15,000 were incarcerated in concentration camps. In the 1950, the emerging gay press wrote mostly about its solidarity with the German victims. In the 1970s a lobby was started to have gays officially recognized as victims of the Nazis. With this status, gay people could apply for reparations. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

July 1940            July 1940

 Celebrates 50 years of German control of Heligoland a former British Island in the North Sea. England ceded control of it in 1890.  Germany took control of the Channel Islands in July 4, 1940.  After the War, the island was used as a bombing range by the Royal Air Force until it was returned to West Germany on March 1, 1952.

Summer Horse Racing: Blue Ribbon, Brown Ribbon, Vienna and about 20 others.

 Blue Ribbon Horse Race  Brown Ribbon Horse Races

July 1 - German U-boats attack these crypto military merchant ships in the Atlantic.

By July 2nd 1940 Churchill had rejected out of hand all of Germany peace proposals and was single-mindedly pursuing its war against its North Sea neighbour.  Meanwhile Stalin’s Russia was mobilizing to the East.  Adolf Hitler and the German Supreme Command were in no doubt as to the threat to Germany should it be caught between the Soviet Union’s Red Army and England’s war machine.

July 3, 1940 The Invasion of France by the British after Churchill demanded that the French surrender their liberated fleet to the British.  The British attacked the French fleet based at the Algerian port Mers-el-Kebir.  And 1,200 French sailors were killed.  French sailors, floundering in the sea, were strafed by RAF fighter planes. 

July 5 - French Vichy government breaks off relations with Britain.

 “Twilight over England” by William Joyce (1940)- Author’s Preface; Historical Background; Economic Development; Political Development; Post-War Years in Britain (1918—1939); Finance; The Jews; The Empire; British Foreign policy and the Ultimate Causes of this War; The Present, The Future, and the Dynamics of the Age.

July 19 Hitler again offers Peace Overture to England!  England under power of the Jews refuses.

July 10 - Battle of Britain begins.   This is actually a small affair which Churchill and Britain have milked in significance.  It really was only August and September of this year.  Germany did not want war with Britain!  From July 1940 coastal shipping convoys and shipping centers, such as Portsmouth, were the main targets; one month later the Luftwaffe shifted its attacks to RAF airfields and infrastructure.  As the battle progressed the Luftwaffe also targeted aircraft factories and ground infrastructure.

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN: England was no Underdog - In fact, England was far from being the underdog of propagandists’ lore and the claim that the RAF was outnumbered by two to one is wholly false.  When Germany retaliated against England thirteen months after Englands declaration of war they had a total of 702 single-seaters and 261 heavy fighters.  A total of 963 aircraft. RAF Fighter Command had a tactical strength of 666 (a figure to conjure with!) fighter aircraft plus nearly 750 reserve aircraft a total of 1,416.  It was a year in which Britain produced 4,283 fighter aircraft compared with Germany’s production of just over 3,000 single and twin-engined fighters.  The odds were roughly even in the air yet throughout the Battle of Britain the RAF regularly lost more fighters than did the Luftwaffe.

This was not the Blitz which began September 7.

7/17, 1940 “The Rothschilds” is a 1940 German film also known as “The Rothschilds' Shares in Waterloo”

July 23, 1940 - Soviets complete conquest of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia and Jewish Commissars begin to execute nationalist leaders.   In Latvia alone, there are 34,250 either deported or murdered.

July 29, 1940 - Feb 1945 : Eupen, Malmedy and Sankt-Vith are annexed to Germany, together with the Luxembourg village of Bého (renamed Bocholz) and former Neutral Moresnet.  The East Cantons (and some other small villages that had been Belgian but German speaking in 1914) were annexed by Nazi Germany, with the clear consent of most of the inhabitants.

Aug 3-19 - Italians occupy British Somaliland in East Africa.

 Artur Axmann (2/18, 1913 – 10/24, 1996) was the German Nazi leader of the Hitler Youth from 1940 through war's end in 1945.  In August of 1940, he succeeded Baldur von Schirach as Reich Youth Leader.  In 1941, he was severely wounded on the eastern front, losing an arm.  During Hitler's last days, Axmann was among those present in the Führerbunker.  He avoided capture by Soviet troops and disappeared.  Axmann, presumed dead, lived under the alias of "Erich Siewert" for several months.  Axmann was arrested in December 1945 when a Nazi underground movement which he had been organizing was uncovered by a U.S. Army Counter Intelligence operation. He stated that he had attempted to escape from central Berlin along with Martin Bormann, who he said had died during the attempt.  Axmann became a prosperous businessman after the war.

Aug 13 - German have bombing offensive against airfields and factories in England.  Aug 15 - Air battles and daylight raids over British military targets.  Aug 17 - Hitler declares a blockade of the British Isles.  Aug 23/24 - Accidental German bombing on Central London killing perhaps only 9 civilians.

 Frederick Alexander Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell FRS PC CH (4/5, 1886 – 7/3, 1957) was an English Jew physicist who was an influential scientific adviser to the British government, particularly Winston Churchill.  He advocated the wartime carpet bombing of German cities, and was a strong doubter of the existence of the Nazi "V" weapons program.  

Trotsky Assassinated Aug 20, 1940    After leading a failed struggle of the Left Opposition against the policies and rise of Joseph Stalin in the 1920s and the increasing role of bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, Trotsky was successively removed from power, expelled from the Communist Party, deported in February 1929 from the Soviet Union and assassinated on Stalin's orders.  An early advocate of Red Army intervention against European fascism, Trotsky also opposed Stalin's peace agreements with Adolf Hitler in the 1930s.  Trotsky's ideas form the basis of Trotskyism, a major school of Marxist thought that is opposed to the theories of Stalinism.  He was one of the few Soviet political figures who was never rehabilitated by the government of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Towards the end of 1939 Trotsky agreed to go to the United States to appear as a witness before the Dies Committee of the House of Representatives, a forerunner of the House Un-American Activities Committee.  Representative Martin Dies, chairman of the committee, demanded the suppression of the American Communist Party.  Trotsky intended to use the forum to expose the NKVD's activities against him and his followers.  He made it clear that he also intended to argue against the suppression of the American Communist Party, and to use the committee as a platform for a call to transform the world war into a world revolution.  Many of his supporters argued against his appearance.  When the committee learned the nature of the testimony Trotsky intended to present, it refused to hear him, and he was denied a visa to enter the United States.  On hearing about it, the Stalinists immediately accused Trotsky of being in the pay of the oil magnates and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.  He stayed with 2 Jewish artists, Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo while in Mexico. On May 24, 1940, Trotsky survived a raid on his home by Stalinist assassins.  On August 20, 1940, Trotsky was attacked in his home in Mexico with an ice axe by undercover NKVD agent.  The many Jewish Trotskytes and their fellow gentile travelers later joined the Republican party as Neo-Conservatives, still exporting world revolution.

 Frida Kahlo de Rivera (July 6, 1907 – July 13, 1954) was a Mexican painter is best known for her self-portraits.  Her work has been celebrated in Mexico as emblematic of national and indigenous tradition, and by feminists for its uncompromising depiction of the female experience and form.  Kahlo had a volatile marriage with the famous Mexican artist Diego Rivera.  She suffered lifelong health problems, many of which derived from a traffic accident she experienced as a teenager.  Frida and others said that her father was of Hungarian Jewish descent.

 Diego Rivera (12/8, 1886 – 11/24, 1957) was a prominent Mexican painter and husband of Frida Kahlo (1929–1939 and 1940–1954).  His large wall works in fresco helped establish the Mexican Mural Movement in Mexican art.  Between 1922 and 1953, Rivera painted murals among others in Mexico City, Chapingo, Cuernavaca, San Francisco, Detroit, and New York City.  In 1931, a retrospective exhibition of his works was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.  His mother was a Converso.  Rivera wrote in 1935 "My Jewishness is the dominant element in my life. 

Active communists, Kahlo and Rivera befriended Leon Trotsky after he received political asylum in Mexico from Joseph Stalin's regime in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s.  During 1937, Trotsky lived initially with Rivera and then at Kahlo's home (where he had an affair with Kahlo).  Trotsky and his wife then relocated to another house where, in 1940, he was assassinated.   (Facts about the assassination are kept secret in the Soviet Union until January 1989)

 Aug 25/26 Three British Barbarian Fire-bombing Holocaust on Berlin’s civilian populations. About 1-5,000,000 Germans killed in Allied bombing throughout war.  61 German cities were greatly devastated.  In Britain about 60,000 killed.  In 1935 and 1936, Hitler had made proposals to prohibit bombing outside of battle zones.  Germans had no strategic bombers at all, just tactical ones.  The plan to incinerate German civilians was proposed by Jewish émigré Lindemann alias Lord Cherwell.  90% of Allied bombs with specific targets land only within 75 sq miles of targets.

Aug 25, 1940 After the RAF's raid on Berlin, Adolf Hitler ordered the construction of 3 massive flak towers to defend the capital from air attack. The flak towers, the design of which Hitler took personal interest in and even made some sketches for, were constructed in a mere 6 months.  The priority of the project was such that the German national rail schedule was altered to facilitate the shipment of concrete, steel and lumber to the construction sites.   The 3 flak towers around the outskirts of Berlin created a triangle of formidable anti-aircraft fire that covered the centre of Berlin.  The flak towers had also been designed with the idea of using the above-ground bunkers as a civilian shelter, with room for 15,000 civilians, and even a hospital ward, inside.  The towers, during the fall of Berlin, formed their own communities, with up to 30,000 or more Berliners taking refuge in a single tower during the battle.

Sept 3 - Hitler plans Operation Sealion (the invasion of Britain).   This was only a strategic deception; Hitler had no intent to invade Britain. Sept 7, - German Blitz against England begins.  Nearly 16,000 (Allied propaganda?) civilians were killed as Germany bombs strategic ports and installations in revenge for British treachery.  This was all the British that were killed compared to millions of innocent German civilians.  Some researchers have argued that Sea Lion, the code name for the proposed German invasion of England, was a "sham right from the beginning", an effort by Hitler to distract Stalin by feinting west when he actually planned to strike to the east.

The Blitz (from German, "lightning") was the sustained strategic bombing of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (collectively the United Kingdom).  Between September 7, 1940 and May 16, 1941 there were major raids (attacks in which more than 100 tons of high explosives were dropped) on 16 British cities: London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth three, and there was also at least one large raid on another eight cities.  The capital, London, was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights.  More than one million (Allied propaganda?) London houses were destroyed or damaged, and more than 40,000 (No!) civilians were killed, almost half of them in London.  The Blitz was primarily less than 2 months, then the targets were the sea lanes.

In comparison to the Allied bombing campaign against Germany, casualties due to the Blitz were relatively low.  For instance, the bombing of Hamburg alone inflicted about 42,000 civilian casualties.

Hitler did not want War with Britain, but was holding out for a partnership in defeating Soviet Communism.  He only agreed to bombing civilians months after the British had been bombing German civilians.

The Black Book was the list of prominent British and contained the names of 2,820 people, British subjects and European exiles, who were living in Britain.  It was compiled by Walter Schellenberg.  Many of the people on the list had already died, as in the case of Sigmund Freud, or had moved away, as had Paul Robeson.  An interesting omission from the list of writers is George Bernard Shaw, who was one of the few English language writers whose works were to be published and performed in Nazi Germany.  Notable people on the list were (incomplete sample):  Sir Norman Angell, Labour MP awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1933;  Robert Baden-Powell, founder and leader of Scouting (the Nazis regarded Scouting as a spy organisation);  Edvard Beneš, President of the Czechoslovak government in exile;  Violet Bonham Carter, anti-fascist liberal politician;  Vera Brittain, feminist writer and pacifist;  Neville Chamberlain, former prime minister;  Winston Churchill, Prime minister;  Duff Cooper, Cabinet Minister of Information;  Noël Coward, actor who opposed appeasement and was an armed forces entertainer, arrestable also for his homosexuality and connections with MI5;  Anthony Eden, Secretary of State for War.;  E. M. Forster, author;  Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis and a Jew (died 9/23, 1939);  Sir Philip Gibbs, journalist and novelist;  J. B. S. Haldane, geneticist and evolutionary biologist and Communist;  Ernst Hanfstaengl, German refugee and turncoat Nazi in 1937;  Aldous Huxley, author (who had emigrated to the USA in 1936);  Harold Laski, political theorist, economist and author;  David Low, cartoonist;  F L Lucas, literary critic, writer and anti-fascist campaigner;  Jan Masaryk, Czech foreign minister in exile;  Gilbert Murray, classical scholar and activist for the League of Nations;  Ignacy Jan Paderewski, pianist, former Polish PM;  J B Priestley, anti-Nazi popular broadcasts and fiction;  Hermann Rauschning, German refugee and turncoat Nazi;  Paul Robeson, African-American singer/actor with strong Communist affiliations;  Bertrand Russell, philosopher, historian and pacifist.;  C P Snow, physicist and novelist;  Stephen Spender, poet, novelist and essayist;  Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, politician, former German minister;  Beatrice Webb, socialist and economist;  Chaim Weizmann, Zionist leader;  H G Wells, author and socialist;  Rebecca West, English suffragist and writer;  Virginia Woolf, novelist and essayist.  A similar book contained information on establishments and institutions such as embassies, universities, newspaper offices and Freemasons' Lodges, in which the Nazis were interested.  These people were to be interned for the duration of the War.

 Walther Friedrich Schellenberg (1/16, 1910 – 3/31, 1952) was a German SS-Brigadeführer who rose through the ranks of the SS to become the head of foreign intelligence following the abolition of the Abwehr in 1944.  In 1940 he was charged with compiling the blueprint for the occupation of Britain.  In 1940 he was also sent to Portugal to intercept the Duke and Duchess of Windsor and try to persuade them to work for Germany.  He led the hunt for the Soviet spy ring Red Orchestra.  At the end of the War Schellenberg persuaded Himmler to try negotiating with the Western Allies through Count Folke Bernadotte and personally went to Stockholm in April 1945 to arrange their meeting.  He was sought after as a valuable intelligence asset, the American, British, and Russian intelligence services were searching for him.  Schellenberg was in Denmark attempting to arrange his own surrender when the British took Schellenberg into custody in June 1945.  During the postwar Nuremberg Trials, Schellenberg testified against other Nazis.  In the 1949 Ministries Trial he was sentenced to six years' imprisonment, during which time he wrote his memoirs, The Labyrinth.  He was released in 1951 on grounds of ill-health and died the following year of cancer in Turin.  Schellenberg was believed to have been a lover of Coco Chanel during the German occupation of Paris, who paid for the cost of his funeral when he died penniless.

The list was similar to earlier lists prepared by SS like the Special Prosecution Book-Poland. Sixty-one thousand people on this list were targets of Einsatzgruppen during Operation Tannenberg and Intelligenzaktion - actions of elimination of Polish intelligentsia and the upper classes in occupied Poland between 1939 and 1941.  [This is Wikipedia Propaganda which includes murders committed by the Soviets.  Germany only killed partisans in the field,  others captured were sent to the labor camps.]

 The America First Committee (AFC) was the foremost non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II. Peaking at 800,000 members, it was likely the largest anti-war organization in American history.  Established on September 4, 1940, by Yale University law student R. Douglas Stuart, Jr., along with other students including future President Gerald Ford, Sargent Shriver and future Supreme Court justice Potter Stewart.   It became defunct after the attack upon Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Recent organizations with similar names are not in any way connected to this historic group.  Conservative commentator Pat Buchanan has praised America First and used its name as a slogan.  "The achievements of that organization are monumental," writes Buchanan, "By keeping America out of World War II until Hitler attacked Stalin in June of 1941, Soviet Russia, not America, bore the brunt of the fighting, bleeding and dying to defeat Nazi Germany."  Right through 1941, polls showed 80 percent opposition to American involvement.  Only with the knowledge that they would be conscripted did millions of men volunteer, so they would not later be cannon fodder.  Besides Lindbergh, other supporters were Brig Gen Hugh Johnson, Capt Eddie Rickenbacker, Alice Roosevelt (Theodore’s daughter), Herbert Hoover and John F Kennedy.

Sept 1940 The Invasion of France by the British, was carried out against the French Navy based at Dakar, Senegal.  This included the battleship Richelieu, which was carrying £60 million of Belgian and Polish gold.  David Irving: "It was a humiliating fiasco.  The assault forces never got off their troopships.  Charles deGaulle's aviators landed on the airfield and were promptly arrested by the gendarmerie.  His emissaries were fired upon as their boat entered the port, and were turned back.”  The British failed.

In September 1940, the Germans sent the ships Atlantic, Milos, and Pacific, to pick up 3,600 Jews from Vienna, Gdańsk and Prague in Tulcea, Romania, to be sent to Palestine.  The Jews that arrived in Palestine came without entry permits and were subsequently denied entry by the British. The British decided to deport the immigrants to either Trinidad and Tobago or Mauritius, both British colonies. 

On November 25, 1940, a ship carrying the 1,800 Jews to Mauritius, the Patria, was bombed by the Jewish Haganah, who wanted the Jews to stay in Palestine.  There were 260 fatalities and 172 injuries.  There were only enough lifeboats for 805.  [This doesn’t quite add up.]

Sept 13 - Italians invade Egypt. Sept 15, 1940 - Massive German air raids on London, Southampton, Bristol, Cardiff, Liverpool and Manchester.  Total British war casualties due to German raids are about 60,000 (which are Allied propaganda numbers?)

Sept 16 - United States military conscription bill passed before US enters war.

Sept 27, 1940 - Tripartite (Axis, Anti-Comintern) Pact signed by Germany, Italy and Japan. It is a 10-year military and economic alliance.  Hitler regards Japan as a buffer against the U.S. and a distraction for the USSR.  Japan takes advantage of the situation and quickly occupies northern French Indochina (Vietnam).

Oct 7 - German troops enter Romania. 

"When the National Socialists and their friends cry or whisper that this [the war] is brought about by Jews, they are perfectly right." --The Jewish magazine Sentinal (Chicago), 10/8, 1940

October 1940 German U-Boats sank 66 ships while losing only one.  Again in early 1942 with Operation Drumbeat, they attacked the US East Coast.  Within 5 months they sunk nearly 600 ships while losing 6 of their own.  The US navy began running convoys, an ancient maritime strategy where armed escort vessels protected groups of ships sailing together.  US radar could detect submarines.  US sonar by ships could detect the submarines in the water.  Submarines could not outrun the ships.

Oct 12 - Germans postpone Operation Sealion (strategic deception) until Spring of 1941.

“The Axis powers and France have a common interest in the defeat of England as soon as possible” declared Marshall Petain.

Oct 28 - Greece declares war on Italy.  Italy invades Greece to stop communist infiltration.

Nov 5 - Roosevelt re-elected as U.S. president under propaganda that he kept US out of the war.

11/9 King Leopold of the Belgians visits with Hitler.

Nov 10 – Example of German Foreign Aid (Unlike current Western liberalism)  When Rumania suffered a bad earthquake, Hitler gave no money, but ordered his army field medics, Wehrmacht engineers, and Luft waffe trasnsport planes loaded with food and clothing to the victims. 

Nov 10/11 - A torpedo bomber raid cripples the Italian fleet at Taranto, Italy.

Nov 14/15 - Germans bomb Coventry, England.  Coventry did not suffer much damage.  It was a munitions center, RAF center and plane factories.  The British had bombed Berlin at least 6 times, before Germany bombed any cities in Britain, 2 and ½ months later.

1940 11/15 The Warsaw Ghetto officially comes into existence.  It is sealed. It's ten-foots walls and guarded gates enclose nearly half a million Jews. (?)  1941 3/20 The German deadline for all Jews to be inside the Polish ghettos expires.

   Postal supplies to Warsaw and Lodz ghettos in 1941.   The Ghetto was contained, but not isolated.

Nov 20 - Hungary joins the Axis Economic Bloc.

Nov 22 - Greeks defeat the Italian 9th Army.

Nov 23 - Romania joins the Axis Economic Bloc.

Dec 9/10 - British begin a western desert offensive in North Africa against the Italians.

Dec 29/30 - German air raid on London - The total of this Blitz were about 700 people killed.

In 1940 alone, Britain occupies Italian and French colonies of Syria, Iraq and Persia.

Before American involvement, Am ambassador to France tells Goering that if war came with Germany that 6 million (why this figure?) German-Americans would be hanged.

1940 Homer Gustav Maertz was the owner of the Pioneer News Service in Chicago.  He published various anti-Semitic articles in his publication The Dispatch.  He republished the article Jewish Ritual Murder by British fascist Arnold Leese.  Maertz suggested the Charles Lindbergh baby kidnapping and murder may have been a case of Jewish ritual murder.

1940 Kurt Mertig was the head of the Citizens Protective League the German-American Republican League and founder of the National Renaissance Party.   Mertig was a German-American executive with the Hamburg-American Line.  In the early 1940s in Yorkville, New York he gave speeches in support of Hitler’s Germany.  In 1943 he was relocated inland 300 miles by the Army Exclusion Board.

 ****Lend Lease: The last months of 1940 saw Churchill's Britain (alone) facing bankruptcy.  So far Britain had paid all of her food, shipping and munitions bills in cash. Churchill wrote a long begging letter to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt setting out his fears that Britain's was fast running out of money.  Roosevelt responded with the Lend-Lease Act which provided Britain with whatever credits she needed to continue her war on Germany.  Early in December 1940 American President Roosevelt sent an American battleship to Simonstown in South Africa.  From there it picked up the last of Britain's gold reserves; £50,000,000.  This also ensured America's entry into the war – to protect its investment. 

Lend-Lease (enacted 3/11, 1941) was the program under which the US supplied the UK, the USSR, China, Free France, and other Allied nations with materiel between 1941 and 1945.  A total of $50.1 billion (equivalent to $647 billion today) worth of supplies were shipped: $31.4 billion to Britain, $11.3 billion to the Soviet Union, $3.2 billion to France, and $1.6 billion to China.  Reverse Lend-Lease comprised services such as rent on air bases that went to the U.S., and totaled $7.8 billion; of this, $6.8 billion came from the British and the Commonwealth.  The terms of the agreement provided that the material were to be used until time for their return or destruction.  Supplies after the termination date were sold to Britain at a discount for £1.075 billion using long-term loans from the United States.  Canada operated a similar program that sent $4.7 billion in supplies to the UK and the USSR.  The US did not charge for aid supplied under this legislation.  This program was a decisive step away from non-interventionist policy, which had dominated US foreign relations since the end of WW I, towards international involvement.

Lend Lease was an economic lever to get what America wanted.  Britain was forced to sign the Atlantic Charter, which signaled, from an American viewpoint, the beginning of the end for the British Empire – and the end of its trading tariff barriers that had so far been detrimental to U.S trade ambitions.  In addition, Britain was forced as a condition of U.S help to sign the Bretton-Woods Agreement.  This promised to end the British bi-lateral trade system and its Sterling Bloc, and to bring about a multilateral economic world trade system, from which the United States would be main beneficiary; especially in banking and trade tariffs. 

The Baghdad Railway, was built from 1903 to 1940 to connect Berlin with the (then) Ottoman Empire city of Baghdad, where the Germans wanted to establish a port in the Persian Gulf, with a (990 mi) line through modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq.  A history of this railway in the context of World War I history has lately emerged to describe the German interests in countering the British Empire, and Turkey's interest in countering their Russian rivals.  Napoleon is said to have remarked, Antwerp in the hands of a great continental power was a pistol leveled at the English coast, Baghdad and the Persian Gulf in the hands of Germany (or any other strong power) would be a 42-centimetre gun pointed at India."  Most of the line is in a usable condition.  Robinson's World Rail Atlas shows it as intact.  Most of the stations are still original.

**** Ba'athism is an Arab nationalist ideology that promotes creation of a nation through the leadership of a vanguard party over a progressive revolutionary state.  The origins of Ba'athism began with the political thought developed by Zaki al-Arsuzi and Michel Aflaq in 1940.  Zakī al-Arsūzī (June 1899-7/2 1968) was a Syrian philosopher, philolog, sociologist, historian, and Arab nationalist.  Michel Aflaq (1910 -6/23 1989) was a Syrian Christian philosopher, sociologist and Arab nationalist.  A Ba'athist society seeks enlightenment, renaissance and rebirth of Arab culture, values and society.  It supports the creation of single-party states, and rejects political pluralism in an unspecified length of time – the Ba'ath party theoretically uses an unspecified amount of time to develop an enlightened Arabic society.  It is a secular ideology and supports socialist economics to a varying degree;  Syria, a Ba'athist state, uses a centrally-planned state socialist economy while Iraq, under Saddam Hussein, followed a policy of capitalist growth led by the state.  A Ba'athist state supports public ownership over parts of the economy but opposes the confiscation of private property.  Socialism in Ba'athist ideology does not mean state socialism or economic equality, but modernization; the only way to develop an Arab society which is truly free and united is by creating a socialist society first.  (This sounds like National Socialism.)

   

1940.                                                       1941

Leipzig was traditionally where the Germans housed their trade shows, and the 3rd Reich continued this tradition.

 the newly constructed Reichs Chancellery in Berlin. The picture shows the Hall of Honors.

 Historic Buildings. Ranging from the Porto Negra- in Trier to the -Mouse Tower- on the Rhine river,

 Emil von Behring Emil Adolf von Behring (3/15, 1854 – 3/31, 1917) was a German physiologist who received the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the first one so awarded.

1941         1941         1941         1941