(My original has many pictures and illustrations. Please excuse this installment until I am
able to complete it.)
1939 1939 1939 1939
“In 1939, six years after Hitler was elected, there were
still 120,000 Jews living voluntarily in Germany.”
1939 “The Fate of
Homo Sapiens” by HG Wells with a chapter on “The Jewish Influence”.
While appalled by Nazism he rather felt the Jews had it coming.
Mainz, Germany, A display mocking the United States support
of Jewish settlement in Palestine during the Rosenmontag Festival, January
1939.
1939 The "Judeo-African
cacophony" mesmerizing the jitterbugs on the dance floors of the
Thirties was part of a larger program to debauch the conservative, Christian
rhythms of American life. - Francis Parker Yockey, "The Tragedy of
Youth" (1939). In this spirit, drinking, smoking, and other bad habits
glamorized by Hollywood became marks of sophistication; sports were fetishized;
and private and public opinion was shaped and reshaped to legitimate
machinations of every sort. At the same time, God was "replaced by lust,
the priest by the psychoanalyst, and the hero and heroine by the promiscuous
lounge-lizard and the glittering harlot."
For the more intellectually sophisticated, there were countless books
and magazines promoting class war, racial inequality, and anti-European
(especially anti-German) hatred — all designed to destroy "whatever
exclusiveness, national feeling, or racial instincts" that may still have
existed in the American people.
Americans, characteristically, didn't recognize the Jews' otherness,
even though he was of a different "Culture-Nation-Race". Even before the War of Independence, they
treated the Jew the same as a European — this Jew who was shunned, ghettoized,
and seen as an evil in Europe. In
traditionless, rationalist, money-worshipping America, the Jew, as culture and
nature dictated, would become a force for "culture-pathology." Notions of "culture-parasitism" and
"culture-retardation" are familiar forms of culture pathology and
largely self-explanatory. The notion of
"culture-distortion," though somewhat analogous to Spengler's
"pseudomorphorsis".
(Pseudomorphosis refers to an older culture being so deeply ingrained in
a land that a young culture cannot find its own form and full expression of
itself.)- Yockey, Imperium
"Culture-distortion is the condition in which outer
life-forms are warping the culture from its true life-path" is entirely
Yockey's and plays a leading role in his understanding of America's
20th-century experience in anti-Europeanism.
The culture-distorter, as such, assumes control of the host organism,
introducing alien elements into it that squander its energies on things
unrelated or opposed to its development. Culture-distortion consequently ends
up mutilating the culture-organism, turning it away from its growth, its
destiny.
Beginning in the 1880s, the Jews
(these inassimilable aliens rejected by Europe's High Culture) began their
invasion of America. By 1905, they were
already a power, evident in fact that the United States, for the first time in
its history, severed diplomatic relations with Russia because of the
anti-Jewish pogroms that had followed the Russo-Japanese War. (See Yockey 1948)
Walter Mitty is a fictional character in
James Thurber's short story "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty", and
made into a film in 1947. Mitty is a
meek, mild man with a vivid fantasy life: in a few dozen paragraphs he imagines
himself a wartime pilot, an emergency-room surgeon, and a devil-may-care
killer. The character's name has come
into more general use to refer to an ineffectual dreamer. Yet even in his heroic daydreams, Mitty does
not triumph, several fantasies being interrupted before the final one sees
Mitty dying bravely in front of a firing squad.
In the brief snatches of reality that punctuate Mitty's fantasies the
audience meets well-meaning but insensitive strangers who inadvertently rob
Mitty of some of his remaining dignity.
1939 William Butler (W.B.) Yeats (6/13, 1865–1/28, 1939)
was an Anglo-Irish
poet and playwright, and one of the foremost figures of 20th century
literature. A pillar of both the Irish
and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an
Irish Senator for two terms. McCormack details Yeats's letter of thanks to
Freidrich Krebs, Oberburgmeister of Frankfurt, acknowledging receipt of an
award in 1934, his public approval of Nazi legislation depriving Jews of their
property in 1938, and aspects of his anti-Semitism.
The German Foreign Ministry on January 25, 1939 issued a
document on the solution to the Jewish problem which stated: "The end
policy in regard to the Jews is the
emigration of all Jews living in the territory of the Old Reich." In Auschwitz Notebooks, we read that all of
the top German leadership supported this plan.
"On November 12, 1938, Goring had mentioned the question of
Madagascar. Himmler himself had dreamed
of that since 1934, a witness assures us.
After the armistice of June 1940 (surrender of France), the idea was
propounded by the Foreign Ministry and approved by Himmler as well as by Hitler
himself." For these reasons SS
official Reinhard Heydrich organized the Central
Office for Jewish Emigration on February 11, 1939. Once the war began, this was no longer
possible. Thus Hitler ordered the
internment of Jews as enemy aliens
and deported them to the east. On
January 27, 1942, Hitler said: "The Jews must leave Europe. The best thing
is that they go to Russia."
“The Case for Germany”
by Arthur Pillans Laurie Contents:
I.Der Fuhrer, II.The Beleagured City, III.National Socialism, IV.The Nazi
Rallys at Nuremberg, V.The Foreign Policy of Germany, VI.England and Germany,
VII.March 7th, a most Important Date, VIII.The Real Enemy of Europe, IX.Communism
versus National Socialism, X.The Union of the German People, XI.Acts of
“Aggression” by Germany, XII.The Dance of Death, XIII.Our Future Policy towards
Germany, XIV.The Hitler Youth Movement, XV.The Winter Help Organization, XVI.National
Socialism and the Protestant Church, XVII.Economics, XVIII.The Four Years Plan,
XIX.The German Colonies, XX.The Labour Front, XXI.Agriciulture, XXII.Munich and
After.
Arthur Pillans Laurie (1861-1949) was a Scottish chemist who pioneered
the scientific analysis of paintings.
First Jet Flight
-Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle are both recognized as being the
co-inventors of the jet engine. Each
worked separately and knew nothing of the other's work. Hans von Ohain is considered the designer of
the first operational turbojet engine. Frank
Whittle was the first to register a patent for the turbojet engine in 1930.
Hans von Ohain was granted a patent for his turbojet engine in 1936. However, Hans von Ohain's jet was the first to
fly in 1939. Frank Whittle's jet first
flew in in 1941. Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain (12/14, 1911 – 3/13, 1998)
was a German-American
engineer, one of the inventors of jet propulsion.
Jew Stalin starts
cracking down on dual allegiance Jews in his government. Communism puts on more of a nationalist face.
Jan 30, 1939 - Hitler threatens Jew Influence during Reichstag speech. "In the course of my life I have very
often been a prophet, and have usually been ridiculed for it. During the time of my struggle for power it was
in the first instance only the Jewish race that received my prophecies with
laughter when I said that I would one day take over the leadership of the
State, and with it that of the whole nation, and that I would then among other
things settle the Jewish problem. Their
laughter was uproarious, but I think that for some time now they have been
laughing on the other side of their face.
Today I will once more be a prophet: if the international Jewish
financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once
more into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevizing of the
earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the “annihilation of the Jewish race”
[false translation- forced emigration] in Europe!"
Henri Wilhelm August Deterding (4/19,
1866, Amsterdam – 2/4, 1939, St. Moritz) was one of the first executives of the
Royal
Dutch Petroleum Company and for 36 years (1900–1936) its chairman and
the chairman of the combined Royal Dutch/Shell oil company. He supplied the Allies with petroleum during
WW I. Deterding became controversial
when he became an admirer of the German Nazi party. In 1936, he discussed with them the sale of a
year's oil reserves on credit; the next year, he was forced to resign from the
company's board. In 1936 he bought a
manor in Germany. After he died in Switzerland he was buried in Germany, but
his body was transferred to a grave in Liechtenstein in 1968. On 2/10, 1939 Funeral procession for Deterding, with senior
Nazis officials in attendance, Nazi salutes at the graveside, swastika banners
on display and wreaths and personal tributes from Adolf Hitler and Reichsmarschall,
Hermann Göring . The message
accompanying the wreath from Göring said: ‘In the name and on the instructions
of the Fuhrer, I greet thee, Heinrich Deterding, the great friend of the
Germans.’
Berlin Auto Show -2/17 -3/5, 1939 in nine huge
exhibit halls.:
2/18, 1939 The Golden Gate International Exposition
(1939 and 1940), held at San Francisco, California's Treasure Island, was a
World's Fair that celebrated, among other things, the city's two newly-built
bridges. The San Francisco – Oakland Bay
Bridge was dedicated in 1936 and the Golden Gate Bridge was dedicated in
1937. The exposition was opened
initially from February 18, 1939 through October 29, 1939. It opened again from May 25, 1940 through
September 29, 1940.
The 1939–40 New York World's Fair, which
covered the 1,216 acres of Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, was the 2nd largest
American world's fair of all time, exceeded only by St. Louis's Louisiana
Purchase Exposition of 1904.
Participants: 1. Albania 3. Cuba 5. Denmark 7. Ecuador 8. Eire (Ireland)
9. Finland 11. Great Britain 11.b Australia 11.c New Zealand 12. Greece 14.
Hungary 15. Iceland 16. Iraq 20. Lithuania 21. Luxemburg 22. Mexico 24.
Netherlands 25. Nicaragua 27. Peru 29. Romania 33. Switzerland 34. Turkey 36.
Yugoslavia 37. Pan Am Union- 21 republics represented by: Bolivia, Colombia,
Guatemala, Honduras, Panama and Uruguay.
Not seen were Germany or Italy or Japan, but also not Sweden, Norway,
France.
Pius XII #260 3/2, 1939-10/9,
1958 Invoked papal infallibility in encyclical Munificentissimus Deus.
March 6, 1939 Purim, the Jewish holiday of Revenge against Gentiles. Jews throughout the
world label specific enemies as Haman and Christianity in general as
Haman. Other episodes of revenge
throughout the year could still be connected to the spirit of Purim.
In the spring of 1939, the Nazi Government allowed 937 German Jews who could afford the fare
to board a luxury cruise ship St. Louis to Cuba, where corrupt officials had
agreed, for a sum, to let them in.
Havana barred their entry. The US
rejected them. Canada rejected
them. In mid-June, after their journey
had made headlines around the world, groups of passengers were granted refuge
by Britain, France, the Netherlands and Belgium. A few months later the Germans swept across
Europe; three-quarters (?) of those who had embarked believing they were
escaping persecution were sent to camps.
Third Reich Germany
Sent Arms to Palestinians in 1939 by Yaakov Lappin -- Ynet News - Historical
documents in Britain’s National Archives in London show that Nazi Germany
attempted to ship arms to Palestinian forces in the 1930s. A British Foreign Office report from 1939
reports of “news of a consignment of arms from Germany, sent via Turkey and
addressed to Ibn Saud (king of Saudi Arabia), but really intended for the
Palestine insurgents.” …German records
show that the Nazis viewed the establishment of a Jewish state with great
concern. A 1937 report from German
General Consulate in Palestine said: “The formation of a Jewish state… is not
in Germany’s interest because a (Jewish) Palestinian state would create
additional national power bases for international Jewry…”
Mar 14 Slovakia proclaims independence from Czechoslovakia.
March 15/16 - Germans organize the Protectorates of Bohemia
and Moravia.
The military dictatorship of Poland also took part of the
Czech state. [We never hear of things like this under the Jewish media. Its role is to squeeze the German people of
reparations forever.]
Hungary reclaims Ruthenia which they had before Versailles.
Memel Territory
(Klaipėda Region) March 23, 1939, Treaty
of the Cession of the Memel Territory to Germany in exchange for a Lithuanian
Free Zone in the port of Memel, using the facilities erected in previous
years. The reunion with Germany was
welcomed by the majority of the population, both by Germans and by
Memellanders. Memel territory had been
separated from Germany in 1920 and annexed by Lithuania.
**The terms Hitler
suggested to Poland, beginning on October 24, 1938, were extremely
reasonable—far less drastic than many British leaders had suggested between the
two World Wars. Even Churchill, at about
the very time Hitler came to power, had declared in the House of Commons on
April 13, 1933, that the question of the Polish Corridor was a leading issue
that had to be adjusted if European peace were to be preserved.
Hitler asked for the return of Danzig and a railroad and motor road
across the Corridor. Indeed, he proposed much more in return than he
requested; he offered to guarantee the
Polish boundaries as settled at Versailles after the first World War,
something the Weimar Republic would never even consider. There is conclusive evidence that the Polish
leaders believed that Hitler's terms of 1938-1939 were sincere, and were not
merely the first step in a sinister program to absorb Poland later on by
military force or political intrigue. But
Beck in Warsaw refused to accept these moderate terms, and on March 26, 1939, broke off negotiations with Germany.
March 28, 1939 - Spanish Civil War ends. Communists lose.
"Spain will hereafter be governed in a fashion which;
will make it impossible for power ever again to fall into the hands of dirty
politicians, Jews and similar parasites on human society."— Gen. Miguel
Cabanellas, Franco Spanish Commander
Franco and Generals thanking Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII,
born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (3/2, 1876 – 10/9, 1958), reigned
as Pope from March 2, 1939 to 1958.
Before election to the papacy, Pacelli served as secretary of the
Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio and Cardinal
Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with
European and Latin American nations, most notably the Reichskonkordat with Nazi
Germany. His leadership of the Catholic
Church during World War II remains the subject of continued historical
controversy. After the war, Pius XII
contributed to the rebuilding of Europe, and advocated peace and
reconciliation, including lenient policies toward vanquished nations and the unification
of Europe. The Church, flourishing in
the West, experienced severe persecution and mass deportations of Catholic
clergy in the East. In light of his
protests, and his involvement in the Italian elections of 1948, he became known
as a staunch opponent of communism. He
signed 30 concordats and diplomatic treaties.
Hitler did not provoke the movement for Slovakian autonomy,
which was spontaneous. "Once again, Hitler was taken by surprise. The new
crisis came on him unawares." His
only logical move was to recognize Slovak independence. Hacha, Benes' successor as President of
Czechoslovakia, appealed to Hitler, who took over Bohemia as a German
protectorate on March 15: "All the world saw this as the culmination of a
long-planned campaign.
The Slovak Republic was a co-operating
nation with Germany, which existed from 3/14, 1939 to 5/8, 1945. It existed on roughly the same territory as
present-day Slovakia (without the southern and eastern parts). The Republic bordered Germany, the
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, General Government (German-occupied
remnant of Poland), and Hungary. The
Slovak State was recognized by Germany and several other states including
China, Croatia, El Salvador, Estonia, Italy, Hungary, Japan, Lithuania,
Manchukuo, Mengjiang, Romania, the Soviet Union, Spain, Switzerland, and
Vatican City. The first Slovak
Republic's legal existence was retroactively nullified by the World War II
victorious allies through the nullification of the Munich Agreement and all its
consequences.
Hitler
ordered the German Army to enter Prague on 3/15, 1939 and from Prague Castle
proclaimed Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate (from the Bolsheviks!).
German plan for Prague’s
historic town center / German built New Highrises / New fountains
At the end of the war
Prague suffered several bombing raids by
the USAAF. Over 1,000 people were
injured, 701 people were killed, and hundreds of buildings, factories and
historical landmarks were destroyed. The majority of the German population was
expelled in the aftermath of the war.
On 3/25, 1939 Hitler told General von Brauchitsch that he
had no intention of employing force for the settlement of the Polish question. But
when Britain backed Poland and Poland began terrorizing the Germans, Hitler
chose on April 3, the date of September 1.
After the fall of Poland, when Hitler saw the ruins of Warsaw, it is
recorded that he cried, "Look what they (Britain & Poland) made me
do!"
****In
April, Poles institute a Reign of Terror against ethnic Germans.
"None of Poland's immediate neighbors felt sorry for
her. Poland had conducted a policy of
terror. Ethnic Germans living on German
soil that had been given to Poland at the end of World War I by the Versailles
Peace Treaty had been so mistreated that 2 million left the area for Germany
and elsewhere." - Alex S. Perry Jr.
"German men and women were hunted like wild beasts
through the streets of Bromberg. When
they were caught, they were mutilated and torn to pieces by the Polish mob. . .
. Every day the butchery increased. . . . thousands of Germans fled from their
homes in Poland with nothing more than the clothes that they wore. Moreover, there was no doubt that the Polish
army was making plans for the massacre of Danzig. . . . On the nights of August
25 to August 31 inclusive, there occurred, besides innumerable attacks on
civilians of German blood, 44 perfectly authenticated acts of armed violence
against German official persons and property. These incidents took place either on the
border or inside German territory. On the night of August 31, a band of Polish
desperadoes actually occupied the German broadcasting Station at Gleiwitz. Now it was clear that unless German troops
marched at once, not a man, woman or child of German blood within the Polish
territory could reasonably expect to avoid persecution and slaughter." -
William Joyce
1939 April 4 The
Godesberg Declaration signed by representatives of several German
Evangelical Churches accepts the Nazis world view (Weltanschauung). The Godesberg Declaration says: "In the realm of faith there exists
the sharp opposition between the message of Jesus Christ and his apostles and
the Jewish religion of legalism and political messianic hope, which is already
emphatically fought against in the Old Testament. In the realm of the völkisch life an earnest
and responsible racial politics is required for the preservation of the purity
of our people."
Apr 7 Italy seizes Albania.
On April 7, 1939, Italy invaded Albania.
After a short campaign Albania was occupied and joined Italy in a
personal union.
April 1939 Botanical Exhibit in Stuttgart.
April 1939 German
Deacon Press: MAGAZINE FOR MALE DEACONRY-Official Organ of the German Deacons. “One is your Master, Christ, but ye are all
brethren. Heil to the Führer of all
Germans.”
‘In April 1939, 4
months before Hitler invaded Poland, Ambassador William Bullitt, whom I had known for 20 years, called me to the
American embassy in Paris. Both of us
standing before the fireplace in his office, the windows of which faced the
beautiful Place de la Concord, the American Ambassador told me that war had
been decided upon. He did not say, nor
did I ask, by whom. He let me infer it. When
I said that in the end Germany would be drive into the arms of Soviet Russia
and bolshevism, the Ambassador replied, “What of it? There
will not be enough Germans left when the war is over to be worth bolshevising.”
- Karl von Wiegand, 4/23, 1944
The Gurs camp was established
in April 1939 in prewar France. It was
located in the Basque region. Originally,
Gurs served as a detention camp for political refugees and members of the
International Brigade fleeing Spain after the Spanish Civil War. In early 1940, the French government also
interned about 4,000 German Jewish refugees as "enemy aliens," along
with French leftist political leaders who opposed the war with Germany. After the French armistice with Germany in
June 1940, Gurs fell under the authority of the new collaborationist French
government, the Vichy regime.
Conditions in the Gurs camp were very primitive. It was overcrowded and there was a constant
shortage of water, food, and clothing. During 1940-1941, 800 detainees died of
contagious diseases, including typhoid fever and dysentery. In Oct 1940, German authorities deported
about 7,500 Jews from southwestern Germany across the border into the
unoccupied zone of France. Vichy
officials then interned most of them in Gurs. Of this group, 1,710 were eventually released,
755 escaped, 1,940 were able to emigrate, and 2,820 men were conscripted into
French labor battalions. Between 8/6,
1942 and 3/3, 1943, Vichy officials turned over 3,907 Jewish prisoners from
Gurs to the Germans. Vichy authorities
closed the Gurs camp in November 1943. Almost 22,000 prisoners had passed through
Gurs, of whom over 18,000 were Jewish. After
the Allied invasion of France in August 1944, French officials used Gurs to
house German prisoners of war and French collaborators.
12/17, 1940 Jewish Golden Wedding Anniverary at
Gurs
Apostolic Nuncio in Berlin 1935. (He later arranged the 4/20, 1939 birthday celebration for
Hitler with Vatican's 'warmest regards'.
Died 4/1,1946)
4/28, 1939 "Palestine
is at present occupied not by German troops but by the English,” says
Hitler in this 1939 address. “And the country is undergoing restriction of its
liberty by the most brutal resort to force, is being robbed of its independence
and is suffering the cruelest maltreatment for the benefit of Jewish
interlopers … England is attempting to suppress a people that loves its freedom
and is merely defending it ... One fact is surely certain. In this case England
is not defending herself against a threatened Arab attack, but as an uninvited
interloper, is endeavoring to establish her power in a foreign territory that
does not belong to her." Hitler’s address to the Reichstag, (Palestine was
under occupation by Britain, which supported Zionist efforts to seize the
country.)
1939 60th Tree Blossom Festival in
Werder, continued throughout the War.
Werder celebrates its tree blossom festival from late April to early May, when the fruit tree blossom is at its
peak. For nine days, around 400 stalls,
eight stages and some 50 fairground rides create a wonderful atmosphere in the
idyllic old quarter on an island in the Havel, and you can enjoy the beautiful
blossom at orchards and fruit farms that open specially for the occasion. The festival began in 1879. It started when an old farmer named Wilhelm
Wils hit upon the idea of hosting a fruit wine festival and convinced the other
fruit growers to join in and the festival quickly grew in size and popularity. Only during East Germany’s four-decade
existence did its popularity lapse, apparently since consuming excess amounts
of alcohol was frowned upon by the dour communist government. Today, the festival is said to be the second
biggest such event in Germany, eclipsed only by Munich’s mighty Oktoberfest. Last year (2010) over 800,000 people attended
the Baumblütenfest. It’s the beauty of
walking down streets lined with cherry blossom trees, as the pungent smells of
fresh and fermented fruit waft through the air.
1939 May Stalin's purges have by now cut across
Russian society. A total of 98 of the 139 central committee members elected in
1934 have been shot and 1,108 of the 1,966 delegates to the 17th Congress
arrested. The secret-police reign of terror annihilates a large portion of
every profession. Deaths have been estimated in the millions, including those
who perished in concentration camps.
5/3 Maxim Litvinov, a Jew and Soviet Foreign Minister for
eighteen years, is replaced by Stalin with Vyacheslav M. Molotov, a gentile. Hitler is said to have been greatly pleased
that Stalin seemed to be removing the last Bolshevik Jews from positions of
power. (Note: Molotov will serve as Foreign Minister from 1939-49 and again from
1953-56. Litvinov will become Soviet
Ambassador to the U.S. 1941.) (Ickes)
1939 May 13 The Hungarian Union of Jewish Communities, in
response to a massive surge in conversions to Christianity, implores Jews not
to abandon the faith of their fathers and the Jewish people. (This
is a Good Example of fake conversions, usually done for business, this time for
“persecution”.)
May 15 Ravensbrück
was a women's prison camp located in northern Germany, (56 mi)
north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück. In the spring of 1941, the SS authorities
established a small men's camp adjacent to the main camp. Between 1939 and 1945, over 130,000 female
prisoners passed through the Ravensbrück camp system; around 40,000 were Polish
and 26,000 were Jewish (and the rest were German?).
Straw-shoeplaiting / Spinning (1940 - 1942) / Shoe Repair
/ Hopper Car
May 22, 1939 - Germans sign 'Pact of Steel' with Italy. Italian fascism had delivered much to Italy
and the whole Western world gushed with enthusiasm before the propaganda began.
Jew Sir Philip Albert
Gustave David Sassoon, 3rd Baronet (12/4,
1888 – 6/3, 1939), was a British
politician, art collector and social host, entertaining many celebrity
guests at his homes, Port Lympne, Kent, and Trent Park, Hertfordshire,
England. Sassoon was a member of the prominent Sassoon
and Rothschild families. The Sassoon family is a family of
international renown, which originated in the Jewish community of Baghdad, said
to have originally been descended from Ibn Shoshans, of Spain. Sassoon
ben Salih (1750 - 1830) was a banker to the vali (provincial governor) of
Baghdad. His son David (1792 - 1864)
fled from a new and unfriendly vali, going first to the Gulf port of Bushehr in
1828 and then to Bombay, India, in 1832, with his large family. In Bombay, he
built the international business called David S. Sassoon, with the policy of
staffing it with people brought from Baghdad. They filled the functions of the various
branches of his business in India, Burma, Malay, and East Asia. In each branch, he maintained a rabbi. His wealth and munificence were proverbial,
and his business extended to China - where Sassoon House (now the north wing of
the Peace Hotel) on the Bund in Shanghai became a noted landmark - and then to
England. His eight sons also branched out into many
directions. The Sassoon family was very
heavily involved in the opium trade in China and India.
Stalin tells
Politburo of his plan to break the pact with Germany so that Germany would have
a war on two fronts and Stalin would ‘liberate’ conquer Europe.
**An Enigma machine
is any of a family of related electro-mechanical rotor machines used for the
encryption and decryption of secret messages.
The machine has become well-known because, during World War II, British
and American codebreakers were able, following pioneering Polish work, to
decrypt a vast number of messages which had been enciphered using the Enigma. The intelligence gleaned from this source,
codenamed ULTRA by the British, was a substantial aid to the Allied war
effort. The exact influence of ULTRA on
the course of the war is debated; an oft-repeated assessment is that decryption
of German ciphers hastened the end of the European war by two years. Many countries and armed forces sectors used
Enigma machines. It is very probable
that a German double agent fed the Allies the encryption codes.
Wilhelm Franz Canaris
(January 1, 1887 – April 9, 1945) was a German
(Greek-Jew?) admiral, head of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence
service, from 1935 to 1944 and member of the German Resistance. (He may have been the agent) The evidence
that he was playing a double game grew, and at the insistence of Heinrich
Himmler, who had suspected him for a long time, Hitler dismissed Canaris from
the Abwehr in February 1944, replacing him with Walter Schellenberg and merging
most of the Abwehr with the Sicherheitsdienst (SD). Some weeks later, Canaris was put under house
arrest, preventing him from taking part directly in the July 20 Plot, 1944, to
assassinate Hitler.
The Sicherheitsdienst (SD,
Security Service) was primarily the intelligence service of the SS and the Nazi
Party in Nazi Germany. The organization
was the first Nazi Party intelligence organization to be established and was
often considered a "sister organization" with the Gestapo, which the
SS had infiltrated heavily after 1934. Between
1933 and 1939, the SD was administered as an independent SS office, after which
it was transferred to the authority of the Reich Main Security Office
(Reichssicherheitshauptamt, or RSHA), as one of its five offices.
June 1939 The German
Colonial Exhibition opened in Dresden.
This represented environments of Third World and was similar to other
exhibitions of this kind throughout the West.
A “challenge coin”? "Greater Germany
fights for Peace, but Against the Shaming Treaty of Versailles...[reverse] FOR
which our enemies fight". A challenge coin is a small coin or
medallion (usually military), bearing an organization’s insignia or emblem and
carried by the organization’s members. Traditionally, they are given to prove
membership when challenged and to enhance morale. In addition, they are also collected by
service members. In practice, challenge
coins are normally presented by unit commanders in recognition of special
achievement by a member of the unit. They are also exchanged in recognition of
visits to an organization.
June Grand Prix of Germany
July 1939
Summer Horse Racing: Blue
Ribbon, Brown Ribbon, Vienna and about 20 others.
8/22/1939 Hitler is often wrongly with malice, repeatedly
misquoted by his detractors. Though
often used, there is no record that Hitler said this: "I have given
orders to my Death Units to exterminate without mercy or pity men, women and
children belonging to the Polish-speaking race.
It is only in this manner that we can acquire the vital territory which
we need. After all, who remembers today
the extermination of the Armenians?”
Benito Mussolini attempted to bring the European powers to
negotiation in August 1939, as he had done at Munich in September of the
previous year, but had also been systematically frustrated by a British Foreign
Office practicing an indescribable cynicism, and the French government’s
decision to declare war on Germany was taken with such contempt for its own
laws and parliamentary procedures that one may rightly speak of a coup d’état
on the part of French Socialists and Jews.
****“Thus between May and August 1939, England succeeded in
spreading the claim throughout the world that Germany directly threatened
Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Finland, Bessarabia, and even the Ukraine. Some of these nations allowed themselves to be
misled, accepting the promises of support that were offered (by the Soviet
Union), and thereby joined the new attempt to encircle Germany.”
“The first results were evident in fall 1939 and spring
1940. Russia justified its attempts to
subject not only Finland, but also the Baltic states, by the sudden false and
absurd claim that it was protecting them from a foreign threat, or that it was
acting to prevent that threat.”
“Consistent with the so-called
friendship treaty, Germany removed its troops far from its eastern border in
spring 1940. Russian forces were already
moving in, and in numbers that could only be seen as a clear threat to
Germany. According to a statement by
Molotov, there were already 22 Russian divisions in the Baltic states in spring
1940.”
Aug 23, 1939 - Nazis
and Soviets sign Non-Aggression Pact.
There was a right and a left wing to the Nazi party. It was a People’s party. By this time, Stalin had shown to the world
his bloody side, but with the West denying him, Hitler tried to moderate the
Soviets with trade. Without the
intrigues of the Jews, there is a natural economic bond between Germany and
Russia.
Aug 25, 1939 - Britain
and Poland sign a Mutual Assistance Treaty.
Chamberlain's military guarantee to Poland, though mostly powerless, hindered Hitler in disposing of the
Bolsheviks because he then had to plan a
two front war. Aug 31, - British
fleet mobilizes; Civilian evacuations begin from London.
Lord Halifax, (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax,
KG, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, TD, PC (4/16, 1881 – 12/23, 1959), was one of the
most senior British Conservative politicians of the 1930s, during which he held
several senior ministerial posts, most notably as Foreign Secretary from 1938 to
1940. During the war, he served as British
Ambassador in Washington. The
appointment of Anthony Eden as Foreign Secretary in 1935 seemed initially to
tie in well with Halifax's feelings about the direction of foreign policy. The two were in agreement (and in line with
prevailing opinion throughout Britain) that Germany's reoccupation of the
Rhineland—its "own backyard"—would be difficult to oppose and should
be welcomed insofar as it continued Germany's seeming progress towards
normality. In November 1937 Halifax went
to Germany at the invitation of Hermann Göring on the pretext of a hunting
exhibition. In subsequent discussions
Halifax ignored Eden's reservations and indicated clearly to Hitler that German
designs on Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia and Poland were not regarded as
illegitimate by the British, but that only peaceful processes of change would
be acceptable. Writing to Baldwin on the
subject of the conversation between Karl Burckhardt (the League of Nations'
Commissioner of Danzig) and Hitler, Halifax said: "Nationalism and
Racialism is a powerful force but I can't feel that it's either unnatural or
immoral!. I cannot myself doubt that
these fellows are genuine haters of Communism, etc.! And I daresay if we were in their position we
might feel the same!" Halifax
replaced Eden as Foreign Secretary in February 1938.
Lord Halifax with
Hermann Göring at Schorfheide, Germany, 11/20, 1937.
Chamberlain and many others who were deeply opposed to war
and defense spending embraced the policy of appeasement as a moral force for
good. Halifax (along with Chamberlain,
Hoare and twelve others) was criticized as an appeaser in the anonymous 1940 book Guilty Men. It was after the Munich crisis that Halifax
set his face firmly towards a policy of deterrence based on increased
rearmament, including the reintroduction of conscription; strengthening of
alliances and economic support to Eastern Europe; and a firmer line towards
Germany, Italy and Japan. It was Halifax's immediate granting of a
guarantee to Poland on 3/31, 1939 that set a firm trigger for war. In July 1940 Halifax rejected German peace offers from the Papal Nuncio in Berne
and the Portuguese and Finnish prime ministers.
In May 1940, when the Chamberlain government fell and a coalition was to
be formed there were two candidates for Prime Minister: Halifax and Winston
Churchill. Halifax had the support of most of the Conservative party and of the
royal family, and was acceptable to the Labour party. His position as a peer
was a merely technical barrier given the scale of the crisis, and Churchill
reportedly was willing to serve under Halifax. As Lord Beaverbrook said, "Chamberlain
wanted Halifax. Labour wanted Halifax. Sinclair wanted Halifax. The Lords
wanted Halifax. The King wanted Halifax. And Halifax wanted Halifax." The
last sentence was incorrect, however; Halifax did not want to become Prime
Minister. He believed that Churchill's energy and skills as leader of a desperate
cause were superior to his. Like
Chamberlain he served in Churchill's cabinet, frequently exasperated by
Churchill's style of doing business.
Jewish
"refugees" in France spying for the Nazis: The letter was found
by Dr. Alfred Schickel, Director of the Modern History Research Center in
Ingolstadt, Germany from William Bullitt, ambassador to France, to his dear
friend, FDR. August 27, 1939. Dear Mr.
President: Daladier imparted to me a fact so horrifying yesterday that I did
not dare to put it in a cable. The
counter-espionage service of the French Army recently arrested nearly two
hundred military spies. Of these spies,
more than one-half proved to be genuine Jewish refugees from Germany --men and
women who had been persecuted and expelled by Hitler --who for gain had entered
his employ while enjoying French hospitality.
Daladier personally was utterly horrified. He said that he did not dare to publish the
list of spy arrests because it would unleash such a fury against the Jews in
France that the development of anti-Semitism might go to dreadful limits, and
he believed that anti-Semitism was the vehicle tor fascism. He finally said sadly, "It really
appears that on earth some races are maudite." I pass this information along to you for your
most personal eye since I believe that you should instruct our counter-espionage
services of all sorts to keep an especially vigilant eye on the Jewish refugees
from Germany.
On
8/30, 1939 Hitler established the War Cabinet. Standing members Goering, Hess, Frick, Funk,
Lammers, Keitel.
****Poland Poland Poland
Aug 31 Gleiwitz – Polish attack on German radio station
Poles have killed
58,000 German within Poland. Catholic
Poles also hate Talmudic Jews.
Poland is ethnically cleansing Germans.
An example of persecution against the German civilians took place at the
rivers on Poland’s borders which were closed to German farmers. Germany had tried working out an amenable
solution for corridor to Danzig and to connect Prussia with the rest of
Germany. Earlier Polish leaders were
friendly to Germany, but current regime hotheads prevailed and were planning to
attack what they believed to be a weak Germany.
****Poland
prepares to Attack Germany****
Polish Military superiority - Over twenty years they had
created a million man army (bigger than the British Empire's). They had thirty fully modernized infantry
divisions backed up by a National Defense of 100,000 National Reservists. The Cavendish Encyclopedia described Poland's
army as 'one of the largest in the world'.
The Polish infantry were supported by an armored brigade of 300
tanks. This puts the lie to the myth
that theirs was an operatic cavalry defense force. The Poles did of course have 37 horse
regiments; so did all other nations at the time including Britain and the USA. In 1939 over 50% of the German war machine
was drawn by horses. The Poles operated
a modern navy of five submarines, four destroyers, six mine sweepers and a mine
layer. Poland's navy continued to fight
long after their capital fell in October 1939.
Over 6 months later on April 8, 1940 the German transport Rio de Janeiro
was sunk in the Baltic by the Polish submarine Orzel. The Poles had an air fleet of over 1,000
aircraft. These included long range medium bombers (suitable only for
aggressive warfare). The advanced P.37
'Elk' medium bomber was considerably faster than its German counterpart the
Heinkel HE 111H-16. The premier fighter
of the Polish Air Force was the nimble PZL P.11 was more than a formidable
adversary against its German equivalents.
The downing of 285 Luftwaffe aircraft during the brief campaign is
testimony to Poland's military airborne abilities.
Whilst some of Germany's superior military achievements are
highlighted what isn't mentioned is that unlike Poland with just the one border
to defend the Germans needed to simultaneously protect their western borders
from France and Britain. The Poles did
fight bravely under the illusion that British and French promises to come to
their aid would be fulfilled. Sadly the
French didn't have enthusiasm beyond talking a good fight; Britain likewise
failed to send the promised hardware.
Professor AJP Taylor says, "The state of German
armament in 1939 gives the decisive proof that Hitler was not contemplating
general war, and probably not intending war at all", and "Even in
1939 the German army was not equipped for a prolonged war; and in 1940 the
German land forces were inferior to the French in everything except
leadership".
****More dates on Poland:
1939 4/1 Hitler
tells General Keitel that it is a shame that "sly, old Marshal
Pilsudski," with whom he had signed a nonaggression pact, had died so
prematurely, but the same could happen to him at any time, and that is why it
is so important to resolve the problem of East Prussia as soon as possible. 8/22 Chamberlain says it is unthinkable that
Great Britain should not carry out its obligations to Poland. 8/23 Britain and France, Hitler tells his
staff, without other major allies, will not go to war in such a situation...
"especially over what everyone knows are, by all rights, German
territories anyway." (Toland)
8/23 Hitler writes to Neville Chamberlain: "Germany was
prepared to settle the questions of Danzig and of the Corridor by the method of
negotiations on the basis of a truly unparalleled magnanimity, but the
allegations put forth by England regarding a German mobilization against
Poland, the assertion of aggressive designs toward Romania, Hungary, etc. as
well as the so-called Guarantee Declarations which were subsequently given had dispelled
any Polish inclination to negotiate on a basis which would have also been
tolerable for Germany... The German Reich government has received information
to the effect that the British government has the intention to carry out
measures of mobilization which, according to the statements contained in your
own letter, are clearly directed against Germany alone... I therefore inform
your Excellency that in the event of these military announcements being carried
into effect, I shall order the immediate mobilization of the German armed
forces."
8/24 Hitler predicts the Chamberlain government will fail. Goering meets with Birger Dahlerus, a Swedish
businessman and proposes that Dahlerus, who has good connections, should act as
a go-between with Great Britain. 8/25
Dahlerus personally gives copies of Hitler's proposals for a peaceful
settlement of the Danzig problem to Lord Halifax.
Johan Birger Essen Dahlerus (2/6, 1891–3/8,
1957) was a Swedish businessman, amateur diplomat, and friend of Hermann
Göring who tried through diplomatic channels to prevent the Second World War. His futile diplomatic efforts during the days
proceeding the German invasion of Poland in 1939 are sometimes called the
Dahlerus Mission. 8/25 Colonel Walery
Slawek, a Polish opponent of the anti-German policies of Marshal Smigly-Rydz
and President Moscicki, and a strong proponent of Marshal Pilsudski's
pro-German policy, is murdered and his death ruled a suicide, even though two
bullets are found in his body. (Sturdza)
8/26 Dahlerus meets with Halifax again, flies back to Berlin with a
letter for Goering and returns to London later that afternoon. 8/28 Dahlerus has an early morning meeting
with Goering and Sir George Ogilvie-Forbes, Counsellor of the British Embassy,
before breakfasting again with Goering. Later
that day rationing is imposed in Germany.
8/29 At 7.00 AM Dahlerus telephones Cadogan with news of his meeting
with Goering. The Fuehrer "was in
fact only considering how reasonable he could be," he said, and was about
to extend an invitation to the Poles for discussions in Berlin.
8/31 The Supreme Soviet ratifies the German-Soviet
Non-Aggression Pact.
8/31 At 9 PM all radio stations
in Germany interrupt their schedules to broadcast Hitler's 16 point plan for
Poland. It includes provisions for: the
annexation of Danzig by Germany; a corridor across the Danzig Corridor; a
plebiscite to be held in the Corridor area in 12 months time, and a later
exchange of populations. The port of
Gdynia is to be recognized as Polish, thus leaving Poland with access to the
sea. It will not be delivered to the
Polish ambassador until September 1. (Howarth; Bell) 9/1 Mussolini proposes a suspension of
hostilities and the immediate convening of a Conference of the Big Powers,
Poland included, to discuss terms for a peaceful settlement. Germany, France and Poland immediately accept
Mussolini's proposals. Britain
categorically rejects any negotiations and demands withdrawal of German troops
from all occupied Polish territory (30 kilometers deep). Britain does not consult with Warsaw before
making its decision.
September 1– Germans invade Poland to stop Polish ethnic
cleansing of Germans and to take back German land given to the nation of Poland
after Versailles. An example of
persecution against the German civilians took place at the rivers on Poland’s
borders which were closed to German farmers.
Germany had tried working out an amenable solution for corridor to
Danzig and to connect Prussia with the rest of Germany. Earlier Polish leaders were friendly to
Germany, but current regime hotheads prevailed and were planning to attack what
they believed to be a weak Germany. Germany simply attacked first. This would have been a small, local war without
any plans of further aggression, but Britain and France forced Germany into a
Second War. Germany wanted peace, and to
unite all the German territories.
Adolf Hitler was provoked into a Pre-Emptive Invasion of Poland.
"None of Poland's immediate neighbors felt sorry for
her. Poland had conducted a policy of
terror. Ethnic Germans living on German
soil that had been given to Poland at the end of World War I by the Versailles
Peace Treaty had been so mistreated that 2 million left the area for Germany
and elsewhere." - Alex S. Perry Jr.
"German men and women were hunted like wild beasts
through the streets of Bromberg. When
they were caught, they were mutilated and torn to pieces by the Polish mob. . .
. Every day the butchery increased. . . . thousands of Germans fled from their
homes in Poland with nothing more than the clothes that they wore. Moreover, there was no doubt that the Polish
army was making plans for the massacre of Danzig. . . . On the nights of August
25 to August 31 inclusive, there occurred, besides innumerable attacks on
civilians of German blood, 44 perfectly authenticated acts of armed violence
against German official persons and property.
These incidents took place either on the border or inside German
territory. On the night of August 31, a band of Polish desperadoes actually
occupied the German broadcasting Station at Gleiwitz. Now it was clear that unless German troops
marched at once, not a man, woman or child of German blood within the Polish
territory could reasonably expect to avoid persecution and slaughter." -
William Joyce
"Only hours after the outbreak of hostilities between
Germany and Poland, Mussolini, renewing his efforts for peace, proposed to all
the interested powers an immediate suspension of hostilities and the immediate
convocation of a conference between the great powers, in which Poland would
also participate. Mussolini's proposals
were, without any delay, accepted by all governments concerned except Great
Britain." - Prince Michel Sturdza, foreign minister of Romania
According to the source, this period photo comes from the SS Heimwehr
Danzig Funeral/Festivities for Fallen SS Soldiers of the "Battle of
Westerplatte" that occurred in Poland in 1939.
**** German High Command
Adolf Hitler
1889-1945 Supreme Commander and Commander-in-Chief of German armed forces.
Hermann Goering
1893-1946 Chief of the Luftwaffe
Joseph Goebbels
1897-1945 Minister for Propaganda (Education)
Heinrich Himmler
1900-1945 Head of the SS, the Waffen SS and Gestapo and Minister of the
Interior
Field Marshal Walter
von Brauchitsch 1881-1948 Commander-in-Chief of the German Army from 1938
until he resigned at the end of 1941.
After Brauchitsch's resignation, the title of Commander-in-Chief of the
Army was assumed by Hitler himself.
Field Marshal Wilhelm
Keitel 1882-1946 Chief of the High Command of the Armed Forces (OKW) from
1938 until the end of the War.
General Alfried Jodl
1890-1946 Deputy to Keitel and head of the Operations Section of OKW. Jodl is considered to have been the brains
behind virtually all of Hitler's campaigns except for the invasion of
Russia.
Admiral Erich Raeder
1876-1960 Commander in Chief of German Naval Forces until January 1943. Raeder
was head of the Navy when Hitler came to power. He was replaced in 1943 by
Admiral Doenitz.
Admiral Karl Doenitz
1891-1980 Commander of the German Navy's U-boats until 1943 then subsequently
Commander in Chief of the Navy. Doenitz was respected and trusted by Hitler and
became Head of State after Hitler's death in 1945.
** Chiefs of
Staff of the German Army High Command (OKH) (1933–1945)
Ludwig Beck (10/1, 1933 – 8/31,
1938) (*Under June 1944 Plot)
Franz Halder (6/30, 1884 –
4/2, 1972) served (9/1, 1938 – 9/24, 1942). As Keitel recognized Halder's superior
military planning skills, Keitel met with Hitler and enticed him to appoint
General Walther von Brauchitsch as commander-in-chief of the German Army. Halder then succeeded General Ludwig
Beck. Halder was unreliable and during
November 1939, Halder conspired with General Brauchitsch that he would support
Brauchitsch if he were to try to curtail Hitler’s plans for further expansion
of the war, but Brauchitsch declined (the so-called Zossen Conspiracy). While Halder opposed Hitler’s expanded war
plans, like all officers he had taken a personal loyalty oath to Hitler. At the end of 1939, Halder oversaw
development of the invasion plans of France, the Low Countries, and the Balkans. Halder initially doubted that Germany could
successfully invade France. General
Erich von Manstein's bold plan for invading France through the Ardennes Forest
proved successful, and ultimately led to the capture of France. On July 19, 1940 Halder was promoted to
Generaloberst (literally "colonel general" - rank of an Army
commander equivalent to a US Army 4 star or Full General). In August, he began working on Operation
Barbarossa, the invasion plan for the Soviet Union. (Halder appeared on the June
29, 1942 cover of Time magazine) Hitler
retired Halder into the "Fuhrer Reserve" on September 24, 1942. He was arrested as part of the July 1944 Plot
and spent the remainder of the War under supervision.
Kurt Zeitzler
(6/9, 1895 – 9/25, 1963) served (9/24, 1942 – 6/10, 1944). After a short tour as Chief of Staff of Army
Group D under General von Rundstedt he was promoted to General of the Infantry
and simultaneously appointed Chief of Staff of the Army General Staff. Hitler had been impressed by his optimistic
and vigorous reports. He was also
thought to be a master of logistics, with solid organizational skills. Zeitzler had advocated the immediate breakout
and withdrawal of General Paulus' Sixth Army after it had been surrounded in
Stalingrad. As Hitler refused to even
consider the idea of withdrawal the German Sixth Army was eventually surrounded
and annihilated. After the annihilation
of the Sixth army in Stalingrad Zeitzler's relations with Hitler became more
and more strained. At the end of his tether after a series of violent rows with
Hitler he suddenly left the Berghof on July 1, 1944. He had suffered a nervous
breakdown. Hitler never spoke to him again, and even had him dismissed from the
Army in January 1945, refusing him the right to wear a uniform.
Adolf Heusinger
(8/4, 1897 – 11/30, 1982) served (6/10, 1944 – 7/21, 1944). (Heusinger served as Chairman of the NATO
Military Committee from 1961 to 1964) He
was promoted to colonel on August 1, 1940 and became chief of the
Operationsabteilung in October 1940, making him number three in the Army
planning hierarchy, after the Chief of the General Staff, General Franz Halder,
and the Deputy Chief of the General Staff/Chief Quartermaster, General
Friedrich Paulus. After the invasion of
the Soviet Union in June 1941, the OKH became primarily responsible for
planning operations in that theater, while the Armed Forces High Command (OKW)
was responsible for other theaters.
Paulus left the OKH in December 1941 and was succeeded in January 1942
by General Günther Blumentritt, who held the Oberquartiermeister I position
until September 1942 when it was abolished.
Heinz Wilhelm Guderian
(6/17, 1888 – 5/14, 1954) served (7/21 1944 – 3/28 1945) was a military
theorist and innovative General of the German Army during the Second World War.
Germany's panzer forces were raised and
fought according to his works, best-known among them Achtung - Panzer! He held posts as Panzer Corps commander,
Panzer Army commander, Inspector-General of Armoured Troops, and Chief of Staff
of the Army. He rose to the rank of full
general in July 1940 and was later promoted to Generaloberst. He later also became Chief of the German
General Staff. Guderian's panzer
divisions played a major role in the Blitzkrieg victories over Poland and
France. He was very audacious in
battle, always operating at the very limit of his authority and eventually, in
Russia, operating almost independently.
He had studied Liddell Hart's 'indirect' strategic concept and was a
master of it. He never assaulted his
opponent head-on but always at a soft spot or along the flanks. They never knew what hit them even though he
had previously written books describing his strategy and tactics. Guderian opposed the attack on Russia but
played a major role in the early attack in 1941. One of the great tactical generals of all
time, Guderian never lost a battle anywhere but may have cost the Germans the
war on the Eastern Front, when, as preparations for the attack on Moscow were
beginning, he, operating virtually independently with blessings from an
admiring Hitler, took his army far from Moscow to destroy multiple Russian armies to the south while his immediate
superior, General Halder, fumed.
Guderian had accomplished an impressive feat, but he was more needed
before Moscow to prepare for probably the decisive battle of the war. After the attack on Moscow stalled, Hitler
had had it with his favorite general and demoted Guderian into
near-oblivion. The conspirators in the
plot to kill Hitler tried to enlist Guderian to their side but were unable to
and, after the plot failed, Guderian (probably unwillingly) played a role in
the harsh justice meted out to the conspirators. “Panzer Leader” Guderian is an Armenian name.
Hans Krebs (3/4,
1898 – 5/1, 1945) served (4/1, 1945 – 4/30, 1945) was in the Führerbunker below
the Reich Chancellery during the Battle of Berlin.
**The "Supreme Command of the
Armed Forces" - The OKW was formed on February
4, 1938 and replaced the War Ministry.
Hitler promoted Keitel to Chief of the Supreme Command of the Armed
Forces. The OKW directed the operations
of the German Armed Forces during World War II. It served as the military
general staff for the Third Reich, coordinating the efforts of the Army, Navy,
and Air Force. By 1942 the OKW held the de facto command of Western forces while the
Army High Command (OKH) exercised de facto command of the Eastern Front. The OKW ran military operations on the
Western front, Africa and in Italy.
During the entire period of the war, the OKW was led by Keitel, who reported
directly to Hitler.
Wilhelm Bodewin Gustav Keitel (9/22, 1882–10/16, 1946) was a German field marshal. As head of the High Command of the Armed
Forces and de facto war minister, he was one of Germany's most senior military
leaders.
Alfred Jodl
(5/10, 1890 – 10/16, 1946) was a German military commander, attaining the
position of Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command. Hitler's first adviser on strategic and
operations matters. Hitler was his hero
and Jodl never opposed him. Jodl helped plan the invasion of Russia. He also represented Admiral Doenitz at the
unconditional surrender ceremony at the end of the war.
There were Thousands of Competent, Loyal Generals and
Officers for every branch of the Military.
****A Few German Generals
Heinrich Alfred Hermann
Walther von Brauchitsch (10/4, 1881 – 10/18, 1948) was a
German field marshal and the Commander-in-Chief of the Wehrmacht Heer in the
early years of World War II. Brauchitsch
disliked or opposed much of the Nazi system, but also welcomed the Nazi policy
of rearmament and was dazzled by Hitler's personality. He became largely reliant on Hitler as
political patron and even for financial help.
In February 1938, Brauchitsch was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the
Army, replacing General Werner von Fritsch, who had been dismissed on charges
of homosexuality. Brauchitsch resented
the growing power of the SS, believing that they were attempting to replace the
Wehrmacht as the official German armed forces.
He had disagreements with Erich Koch, the Gauleiter of East Prussia, and
Adolf Hitler had to resolve the dispute between the two. Like General Ludwig Beck, Brauchitsch opposed
Hitler's annexation of Austria (the Anschluss) and Czechoslovakia (see Fall
Grün), although he did not resist Hitler's plans for war. He took no action when Beck asked him to
persuade the whole General Staff to resign if Hitler proceeded in his invasion
of Czechoslovakia. In September 1938, a
group of officers began plotting against Hitler and repeatedly tried to
persuade Brauchitsch, as Commander-in-Chief of the Army, to lead the
anticipated coup, but the only assurance he gave them was: "I myself won't
do anything, but I won't stop anyone else from acting." After the collapse of the 1938 coup attempt,
Brauchitsch ignored all further appeals from Beck and the other plotters to use
the army to overthrow Hitler.
Brauchitsch was made a field marshal in 1940 and was key in Hitler's
"blitzkrieg" war against the West.
Brauchitsch agreed with harsh measures against the Polish population
claiming they were inevitable for securing the German Lebensraum and ordered to
his army and commanders that criticism of Nazism racist policy should cease as
Nazi policy was needed for "forthcoming battle of destiny of the German
people" Brauchitsch as he endured
a serious heart attack, and Hitler relieved him on 10 December 1941. Brauchitsch spent the last three war years in
a hunting lodge. One of the few public
comments he made after his retirement was a statement condemning the attempt on
Hitler's life.
Werner Eduard Fritz von Blomberg (9/2, 1878 – 3/14, 1946) was a German
Generalfeldmarschall, Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed
Forces until January 1938. During his time in East Prussia, Blomberg met the
Lutheran chaplain, Ludwig Müller, who introduced Blomberg to National
Socialism. In 1931, Blomberg visited the
United States, where he openly proclaimed his belief in the certainty and the
benefits of a Nazi government for Germany.
In 1932, Blomberg served as part of the German delegation to the World
Disarmament Conference in Geneva, where during his time as the German chief
military delegate, he not only continued his pro-Nazi remarks to the press, but
used his status of chief military delegate to communicate his views to Paul von
Hindenburg, whose position as President made him Supreme Commander in
Chief. In 1933, Blomberg rose to
national prominence when he was appointed Minister of Defense in Adolf Hitler's
government. Blomberg became one of
Hitler's most devoted followers, and worked feverishly to expand the size and
power of the army. In 1933 Blomberg was
made a colonel general for his services.
In February 1934, acting on his own initiative, Blomberg had all of the
(74) Jews serving in the Reichswehr given an automatic and immediate
dishonorable discharge. In 1935,
Blomberg also took the title of Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. In
1936, the loyal Blomberg was the first General Field Marshal appointed by
Hitler. Unfortunately for Blomberg, his
position as the ranking officer of the Third Reich alienated Hermann Göring and
Heinrich Himmler, who conspired to oust him from power. Göring, in particular, had ambitions of
becoming Commander-in-Chief himself. In
January 1938, Göring and Himmler told of Blomberg’s new wife’s background, but
Blomberg refused to annul the marriage, and consequently resigned all of his
posts on 27 January 1938 when Göring threatened to make his wife's past public
knowledge. A few days later, Göring and
Himmler accused Commander-in-Chief of the Army Werner von Fritsch of being a
homosexual. Hitler used these
opportunities for major reorganization of the Wehrmacht. Fritsch was later acquitted; together the
events became known as the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair. Blomberg and his wife were subsequently
exiled for a year to the isle of Capri. (Sounds like a honeymoon.) Spending
World War II in obscurity, Blomberg was captured by the Allies in 1945, after
which time he gave evidence at the Nuremberg Trials. Blomberg died while in detention at Nuremberg
in 1946. Von Blomberg never did become a
Nazi.
Walter Warlimont
(10/3, 1894 – 10/9, 1976) was a German officer known for his role in the OKW
inner circle (deputy chief).
Lieutenant-Colonel Warlimont became known as an up-and-coming staff
officer when, in 1937, he wrote the Warlimont Memorandum calling for the
reorganization of the German armed forces under one staff unit and one supreme
commander. The plan was to limit the
power of the high officer caste in favor of the German Führer: Adolf
Hitler. On the basis of this memorandum,
Hitler developed the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High command of the armed
forces), with Hitler as supreme commander.
Warlimont was rewarded in 1939 with a post as deputy to General Alfred
Jodl. In late 1938 he became Senior
Operations Staff Officer to General Wilhelm Keitel. On D-Day, when the Allies invaded at
Normandy, France, Warlimont telephoned General Jodl to request that the German
tanks in Normandy should be released to attack the Allied invaders. Jodl responded that he did not want to make
that decision; they would have to wait until Hitler awoke. Once Hitler awoke and authorized the release
of the tanks for a counter-attack, it was too late to blunt the successful
Allied invasion. The following day,
Hitler sent Warlimont to inspect the German defenses in Italy.
Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (12/12, 1875 – 2/24, 1953) was a
Generalfeldmarschall of the German Army.
He held some of the highest field commands in all phases of the
war. Due to the failure of Operation Barbarossa,
he was, like many commanders, dropped by Hitler, but was recalled in 1942 as OB
West. He retained this command (with several interruptions) until his dismissal
by Hitler in March 1945, before he was captured by the Allies. He was relieved of command for the last time
in March 1945, after telling Keitel once again that Hitler should make peace
with the Allies, rather than continue to fight a hopeless war. (But the Allies would not accept conditional
peace!)
Walter von Reichenau
(10/8, 1884 – 1/17, 1942) was a German Generalfeldmarschall. Politically, von Reichenau was an anti-Semite
who equated Jewry with Bolshevism and the perceived Asian threat to Europe. The
October 1941 "Reichenau Order": "In this eastern theatre, the
soldier is not only a man fighting in accordance with the rules of the art of
war...For this reason the soldier must learn fully to appreciate the necessity
for the severe but just retribution that must be meted out to the (anti-man)
species of Jewry...". All(?) Jews
were henceforth to be treated as de facto partisans, and commanders were
directed that they be either summarily shot or handed over to the
Einsatzgruppen execution squads. On 19
December 1941 Hitler sacked Walther von Brauchitsch as Commander-in-Chief and
tried to appoint von Reichenau to the post.
But again the senior Army leaders rejected von Reichenau as being
"too political" and Hitler appointed himself instead. In January 1942 von Reichenau suffered a
cerebral hemorrhage and heart attack.
Erich von Manstein
(*Elsewhere)
Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist (8/8, 1881 – 11/13, 1954) was a leading German
field marshal. He was promoted to field
marshal in 1943. He was relieved of his
command in March 1944 for ordering the 8th Army to retreat when it was in danger
of destruction by the Soviet Red Army, in explicit violation of Adolf Hitler's
orders.
Albert Kesselring
(11/30, 1885–7/16, 1960) was a German Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall. In a military career that spanned both World
Wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany's most skilful commanders. He was one of the most popular generals of
World War II with the rank and file.
During World War II he commanded air forces in the invasions of Poland
and France, the Battle of Britain, and Operation Barbarossa. As Commander-in-Chief South, he was overall
German commander in the Mediterranean theatre, which included the operations in
North Africa. Kesselring conducted a
stubborn defensive campaign against the Allied forces in Italy until he was
injured in an accident in October 1944.
In the final campaign of the war, he commanded German forces on the
Western Front. He won the respect of his
Allied opponents for his military accomplishments.
* Erwin Rommel (*Elsewhere)
Otto Moritz Walter Model (1/24, 1891 – 4/21, 1945) was a German general and
later Field Marshal. He is noted for his
defensive battles in the latter half of the war, mostly on the Eastern Front
but also in the west, and for his close association with Adolf Hitler and
Nazism. He has been called the
Wehrmacht's best defensive tactician.
Model first came to Hitler's attention before World War II, but their
relationship did not become especially close until 1942. His tenacious style of fighting and
aggressive personality won him plaudits from Hitler, who considered him one of
his best field commanders and repeatedly tasked him with retrieving desperate
situations. As one of the few German
generals of middle class upbringing, Model's background appealed to Hitler, who
distrusted the old Prussian aristocratic order that still dominated the
Wehrmacht's officer corps. His defensive
tactics were a much better fit to Hitler's instincts never to give ground.
Hans-Jürgen Bernhard
Theodor von Arnim (4/4, , 1889 – 9/1, , 1962) was a German
Generaloberst of cavalry. Arnim was
promoted to full general on December 4, 1942, and made Commander-in-Chief of
Army Group Africa and de facto commander of the Afrika Korps from March 9, 1943
until his capture by the British Indian Army's 4th Infantry Division two months
later. (little Jewish?)
Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst
Paulus (9/23, 1890 – 2/1, 1957) was an officer in
the German military from 1910 to 1945.
He attained the rank of Generalfeldmarschall (field marshal) during
World War II, and is best known for having commanded the Sixth Army's assault
on Stalingrad during Operation Blue in 1942.
The battle ended in disaster for Nazi Germany when approximately 270,000
soldiers of the Wehrmacht, Axis allies, and Hilfswillige were encircled and
defeated in a massive Soviet counterattack in November 1942, with casualties
reaching as high as 740,000. Paulus
surrendered to Soviet forces in Stalingrad on 31 January 1943, a day after he
was promoted to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall by Adolf Hitler. Hitler expected Paulus to commit suicide,
citing the fact that there was no record of a German field marshal ever
surrendering to enemy forces. While in
Soviet captivity during the war Paulus became a vocal critic of the Nazi regime
and joined the Russian-sponsored National Committee for a Free Germany. He was not released until 1953. Upon finding
out about Paulus' surrender, Hitler told his staff: “ In peacetime Germany,
about 18,000 or 20,000 people a year chose to commit suicide, even without
being in such a position. Here is a man who sees 50,000 or 60,000 of his
soldiers die defending themselves bravely to the end. How can he surrender
himself to the Bolshevists?! ” During
the Nuremberg trials, Paulus was asked about the Stalingrad prisoners by a
journalist. Paulus told the journalist
to tell the wives and mothers that their husbands and sons were well. Of the 91,000 German prisoners taken at
Stalingrad, half had died on the march to Siberian prison camps, nearly as many
died in captivity; only about 6,000 returned home.
Fridolin Rudolf Theodor
von Senger und Etterlin (9/4, 1891 – 1/9, 1963)
was a German general. Frido von Senger
und Etterlin was one of the generals who opposed the principles of Nazism, but
he was not implicated in the plot to kill Hitler. However, his known anti-Nazi
feelings resulted in his contribution to the defence of Cassino being played
down by the German authorities.
Günther Adolf Ferdinand
“Hans” von Kluge (10/30, 1882 – 8/19, 1944) was a German
military leader. When Stauffenberg attempted to assassinate Hitler on July 20,
Kluge was ("Supreme Field Commander West"). He was recalled to Berlin for a meeting with
Hitler after the coup failed; thinking that Hitler would punish him as a
conspirator, he committed suicide by taking cyanide near Metz. He left Hitler a
letter in which he advised Hitler to make peace and “put an end to a hopeless
struggle when necessary...” Hitler reportedly handed the letter to Alfred Jodl
and commented that “There are strong reasons to suspect that had not Kluge
committed suicide he would have been arrested anyway.”[6]
Josef "Sepp" Dietrich (5/28, 1892 – 4/21, 1966) was a
German SS General. He was one of Nazi
Germany's most decorated soldiers and commanded formations up to Army
level. Prior to 1929 he was Adolf Hitler's
chauffeur and bodyguard but received rapid promotion after his participation in
the murder of Hitler's political opponents during the Night of the Long
Knives. Dietrich commanded the
I.SS-Panzerkorps in the Battle of Normandy.
Hasso-Eccard Freiherr von Manteuffel (1/14, 1897 – 9/24, 1978) was a German soldier
and liberal politician. He served in
both world wars, and was a distinguished general. He was a tank commander noted
for his tactical skill and was one of only 27 holders of the Knight's Cross
with Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds.
Kurt Student
(5/12, 1890 – 7/1, 1978) was a German Luftwaffe general who fought as a fighter
pilot during the First World War and as the commander of German Fallschirmjäger
(Paratroopers) during the Second World War.
Erhard Milch
(3/30, 1892 – 1/25, 1972) was a German Field Marshal who oversaw the
development of the Luftwaffe as part of the re-armament of Germany following
World War I. He was Goering's deputy and
a loyal Nazi. He was a half-Jew.
1939 Kurt Gebhard Adolf
Philipp Freiherr von Hammerstein-Equord (9/26, 1878 – 4/25,
1943) was a German Jew general who served for a period as Commander-in-Chief of
the Reichswehr. He is known as an
opponent of Hitler. He was recalled to
military service as the commander of Army Group A on September 10, 1939 but
retired again on September 21, 1939. He
was relieved of his command on personal orders by Hitler, for his
"negative attitude towards National Socialism".
Bernhard Rogge (11/4, 1899
– 6/29, 1982) was a Captain of the German Navy commanded a merchant
raider. He was one of many German
officers who were forced to apply for a German Blood Certificate, that would
allow their racial background to be overlooked (he had a Jewish grandparent and
was ¼ Jew). He was awarded a Japanese
ornate Samurai sword and the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
for his actions as the commander of the (auxiliary cruiser) Atlantis (Schiff
16). Rogge became a (Vice-Admiral) by
the end of World War II, and eventually became a (Rear-Admiral) of the West German
Bundesmarine. Rogge also was one of the
few German officers of flag rank who was not arrested by the Allies after the
war. This was due to the way he had
exercised his command of Atlantis (or because he was a Jew?).
The Totenkopf
is the German word for the deathman´s head and an old symbol for death or the
dead. It consists usually of the skull
and the mandible of the human skeleton.
Beyond that it can include two crossed longbones (femurs). Jewish propaganda portrays that this showed
the ‘cult of death’, but unlike Jewish materialism, it is the symbol of
physical danger to life and death and the transience of human life as compared
to the immortal soul. It is prominent throughout centuries of
Christian art to represent the Vanity of the material life compared to
spiritual values.
Gott mit uns (meaning God
with us) is a phrase commonly associated with the German military from the
German Empire to the end of the Third Reich, although its historical origins
are far older, ultimately tracing back to the Hebrew term Immanuel from the
Bible. The Russian Empire's motto also
translates to this. Nobiscum deus ('God
with us') was a battle cry of the late Roman Empire and of the Byzantine
Empire. In the 17th century, the phrase
Gott mit uns was used as a 'field word', a means of recognition akin to a
password, by the army of Swedish Gustavus Adolphus at the battles of
Breitenfeld (1631), Lützen (1632) and Wittstock (1636) in the Thirty Years'
War. At the time of the completion of
German unification in 1871, the imperial standard bore the motto Gott mit uns
on the arms of an Iron Cross. German
soldiers had Gott mit uns inscribed on their helmets in the First World
War. To the Germans it was a rallying
cry, "a Protestant as well as an Imperial motto, the expression of German
religious, political and ethnic single-mindedness, or the numerous unity of altar, throne and Volk". During the Second World War Wehrmacht
soldiers wore this slogan on their belt buckles, as opposed to members of the
Waffen SS, who wore the motto Meine Ehre heißt Treue ('My honor is loyalty').
Germany also did not take all Polish land, like the Soviets
did. Germany left the large core for the
Poles to continue to have a country for cooperation with the Axis Economic
Bloc.
Polish areas annexed by Germany - Germany annexed the lands
it was forced to give to a reformed Poland in 1919–1922 by the Treaty of
Versailles, including the "Polish
Corridor", West Prussia, the Province of Posen, and East Upper Silesia.
The Volkstag of the Free City of Danzig
voted to become a part of Germany again.
Some parts of Poland that had not been part of Wilhelmine Germany were
also incorporated into the Reich. These territories had an area of 94,000 km²
and a population of 10,000,000 people. The remainder of the Polish territory was
annexed by the Soviet Union (c. 52%; see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) or made into
the Polish General Government.
Posen – Versailles
ceded the province to Poland. It
rejoined Germany in 1939.
The Polish Bolsheviks
kill 58,000 German Nationals in the Danzig corridor. In the months leading up to the German
invasion the Polish Army and independent Bolshevik units had been slaughtering
German nationals in the Danzig corridor.
Mass killings of thousands of civilian ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche)
took place by both civilian and Russian NDVK Jews, who were confident that
Poland would quickly defeat Germany. Many apparently expected to take
possession of German farms and businesses.
An estimated 58,000 German civilians lost their lives in the massacres
carried out prior to the 1939 invasion.
Poles had been merrily slaughtering anything or anybody German since at
least as early as April 1939, with smaller incidents stretching back to the
close of WW I -- you haven't been told that by the Mass Media, or the fact that
these atrocities were one of the main causes for the German invasion of
Poland. Germany had protested in writing
to the League of Nations literally dozens of times with no results. Poles kill 58,000 German farmers &
civilians. On 'Bloody Sunday' 5500
Germans were murdered: The "Bromberg Bloody Sunday" is perhaps best
known. Polish Jews were confident they
would win against Germany and went on a rampage of ' Blood Lust ' that was
unmatched. Groups of Bolsheviks attacked from Ponz, Lotz and Warsaw approached
the town and started killing the farmers on the outskirts. Children were nailed to barns, women were
raped and hacked to death with axes, men were executed where they stood. Poles
also hate Jews. On Bromberg Bloody
Sunday, thousands of ethnic Germans were slaughtered like pigs in an alley
because the majority "poles" (the "slavic", non-Teutonic
types, really Turco-Ugaric, Hunnic, Tartar and Mongoloid residue from the old
"Dark Age" invasions) knew they could do so with total impunity.
Throughout war, many Jews were killed by local populations. Russian white army militia, Baltic militias,
etc. take back their countries.
****Lindbergh:
After Germany (pre-emptively) invaded Poland in 1939, Lindbergh resigned his
commission as a colonel in the U.S. Army Air Corps on September 14, 1939 to
campaign as a private citizen for the antiwar America First Committee. He soon became its most prominent public
spokesman, speaking to overflowing crowds in Madison Square Garden in New York
City and Soldier Field in Chicago. His
speeches were heard by millions. During
this time, Lindbergh lived in Lloyd Neck, on Long Island, New York.
Charles Augustus Lindbergh (2/4, 1902 – 8/26, 1974) (nicknamed
"Slim," "Lucky Lindy" and "The Lone Eagle") was
an American aviator, author, inventor and explorer. On May 20–21, 1927,
Lindbergh, then a 25-year old U.S. Air Mail pilot, emerged from virtual
obscurity to almost instantaneous world fame as the result of his Orteig
Prize-winning solo non-stop flight from Roosevelt Field located in Garden City
on New York's Long Island to Le Bourget Field in Paris, France, in the
single-seat, single-engine monoplane Spirit of St. Louis. Lindbergh
argued that America did not have any business attacking Germany and believed in
upholding the Monroe Doctrine, which his interventionist rivals felt was
outdated. Wednesday, August 23, 1939
- "We are disturbed about the effect of the Jewish influence in our press,
radio and motion pictures. It may become
very serious. [Fulton] Lewis told us of
one instance where the Jewish advertising firms threatened to remove all their
advertising from the Mutual system if a certain feature were permitted to go on
the air. The threat was powerful enough
to have the feature removed."
Thursday, May 1, 1941 - "The pressure for war is high and
mounting. The people are opposed to it,
but the Administration seems to have 'the bit in its teeth' and is hell-bent on
its way to war. Most of the Jewish interests in the country are behind war, and they
control a huge part of our press and radio and most of our motion pictures. There are the 'intellectuals' and the
'Anglophiles,' and the British agents who are allowed free rein, the
international financial interests, and many others." (The Wartime
Journals) Unfortunately, from 1957 until
his death in 1974, Charles had an affair with Brigitte Hesshaimer, a Bavarian
woman 24 years his junior, that produced three children (proved by DNA), whom
he supported financially. Lindbergh
Charles also had two sons with Brigitte's sister Marietta, and with his former
private secretary, who bore him two more children.
“This war is a mistake; we will only bring disaster if we
enter it; we will do no good to either Europe or ourselves. No one, not even in
Germany, was more responsible for the conditions, which caused this war than
England and France. They declared war without consulting us.”
original propeller
spinner from Charles Lindbergh's aeroplane Spirit of St. Louis,
His father was Charles
August Lindbergh (1/20, 1859 – 5/24,
1924) was a US Congressman from Minnesota's 6th congressional district from
1907 to 1917. He opposed both American
entry into World War I, and the 1913 Federal Reserve Act.
Anne Morrow Lindbergh (6/22,
1906 – 2/7, 2001) was an American author, aviator, and the spouse of fellow
aviator Charles Lindbergh. She was an
acclaimed author whose books and articles spanned the genres of poetry to
non-fiction, touching upon topics as diverse as youth and age; love and
marriage; peace, solitude and contentment, as well as the role of women in the
20th Century. Lindbergh's “Gift from the Sea” stands as a seminal work in
feminist and environmental iterature. Her most controversial published work was her
1940 book "The Wave of the Future," in which she appeared to share
her husband's favorable opinions regarding Nazi Germany.
Fritz Julius Kuhn
holds rally in New York City's Madison Square Garden and attracted an audience
of 20,000. The Bund's fortunes experienced
a downturn in 1939, when Kuhn was sent to prison for embezzling funds.
S.S. Athenia,
under Captain James Cook, departed Glasgow for Montreal on 1 September 1939,
via Liverpool and Belfast, carrying 1,103 passengers, including more than 300
Americans, and 315 crew. It was sunk by
a Polish sub under the command of the British Admiralty, but blamed on Germany
to mimic the results of the Luisitania of WW I.
9/3 1939 The S.S.
Athenia was the first British ship to be sunk by Germany in World War II. Some were not completely convinced that
Germany was in fact responsible. Herbert
Hoover expressed his doubts, saying, "It is such poor tactics that I
cannot believe that even the clumsy Germans would do such a thing", while
North Carolina senator Robert Rice Reynolds denied that Germany had any motive
to sink the Athenia. At best, he said,
such an action "could only further inflame the world, and particularly
America, against Germany, with no appreciable profits from the
sinking." He added that Britain
could have had a motive - "to infuriate the American people". It was not until January 1946, during the
case against Admiral Raeder at the Nuremberg trials, that a (coerced) statement
by Admiral Dönitz was read in which he finally admitted that Athenia had been
torpedoed by U-30 and that every effort had been made to cover it up. Lemp, who claimed he had mistaken her for an
armed merchant cruiser, took the first steps to conceal the facts by omitting
to make an entry in the submarine's log, and swearing his crew to secrecy.
“I now ask the
German people to strengthen my faith and to give me through the strength of its
will the strength I need to continue to fight courageously at any time for its
honor and its freedom, and to be able to further its economic prosperity. I ask it particularly to support me in my
struggle for true peace.”
****More
on the Poland Crisis
or the Phony War
9/2 German control is established in Danzig and a
concentration camp is opened outside the city at Stutthof. Hundreds of Jews are
among the first prisoners. 9/3 Great
Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand declare war on Germany. The British ultimatum that Germany withdraw
from Poland was delivered to the German Foreign Ministry at 9 AM by Ambassador
Neville Henderson. It gave Hitler two
hours to begin the withdrawal or a state of war would exist between the two
nations. At 11 AM the French ultimatum
was delivered. It expires at 5 PM.
9/3 Ten British bombers drop 13 tons of leaflets on the
Ruhr. Printed on the six million sheets
of paper is the message: "Your rulers have condemned you to the massacres,
miseries and privations of a war they cannot ever hope to win." (Duffy) 9/3 Unity Mitford shoots herself in the head
with a small pistol because her native England declared War on Germany. Her attempt is unsuccessful, but she will
continue to live for several years after the war as an invalid. 9/3 Lieutenant Colonel Nikolaus von Vormann,
army liaison officer to Hitler, records in his notes of the day: "Even
today the Fuehrer still believes that the Western powers are only going to
stage a phony war, so to speak." (Irving I)
9/3 A German U-boat is accused of sinking the Athenia, a
Canadian liner bound for Montreal. The sinking results in the loss of 112
lives, including 28 Americans. During the
first two months of the war, 67 British merchant ships are sunk. 9/4 Hitler
visits Marshal Pilsudski's grave in the Krakow Cathedral. (Sturdza) 9/5 The
United States proclaims neutrality in the European war.
9/7-9 French forces cross the
German border at three different locations: near Saarbrücken, Saarlouis, and
Zweibrücken. The French meet little
resistance due to the fact that Hitler had ordered German units near the border
not to engage the French units unless they were attacked and forced to return
fire. The transfer of troops to Poland
had left only eleven regular divisions plus the equivalent of one division of
fortress troops defending the western frontier. These were supported by 35 recently-formed
divisions of second-, third-, and fouth-line troops. There were no armored or
motorized units facing west; they had all been transferred to the east. (Duffy) 9/12 The French army now occupies a
15-mile-wide front some five miles inside German territory. Although his forces have met no real opposition
to its advance, General Maurice Gamelin halts his army and issues orders to
prepare for a rapid retreat at the first sign of strong German opposition.
(Duffy) (Note: General Gamelin brazenly
lies to the beleaguered Poles when they protest the lack of French action;
telling them that half of his active divisions are engaged in combat and
meeting vigorous German resistance. "I have thus gone beyond my promise to
take the offensive with the bulk of my forces by the fifteenth day after
mobilization. It has been impossible for
me to do more." Only 9 of France's
85 divisions on the frontier were employed in the "offensive.")
(Shirer II)
During the months following the
fall of Poland and prior to the invasion of France, a period called the
"phony war," Goering maintains a clandestine communications link with
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. This was an unusual, if not unheard-of,
situation between key officials of two countries officially at war. (Duffy)
Germany did not crack down on its aliens, the Jews, until
most of the upper classes had left. Stalin,
killed the cream of Russian Jewry.
Germany unprepared
for World War!!
Germany could not have been plotting global conquest in 1939,
because there is no documentary evidence and it was not prepared either
militarily and economically when the war came.
Burton H. Klein (10/16,
1917-2/12, 2012) was professor of economics, emeritus, at the
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) “Germany's economic preparations for war” by Burton H Klein (1959) Klein
pointed out that in Germany "there was no real mobilization of manpower
prior to the outbreak of war".
A.J.P. Taylor (1945)
said: "Even in 1939 the German army was not equipped for a prolonged war;
and in 1940 the German land forces were inferior to the French in everything
except leadership."
"In a word, the Germans
were equipped for a two-month Blitzkrieg, such as they waged in Poland. They
were by no means ready for the type of war in which they became involved."
****World
War II Begins****:
“Kill
the Best of the Gentiles!”-esteemed Talmudic Rabbi Rashi of ~1100ad.****
This War is primarily
an Economic War forced upon a young, vibrant, industrious Germany by the
Insiders of Great Britain and her Allies.
Great Britain Jews had an Empire where the sun never set. Great Britain Jews wanted to be the dominant
Economy of the World. Germany was
naturally the dominant economic power on the Continent and never wanted to
challenge British claims to her colonies.
Sept 3, 1939 –
Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand and India (British) declare war on
Germany. [Anglo Empire and Jewish-led France]
This was only a localized war until French and British joined.
Winston Churchill: "You must understand that this war
is not against Hitler or National Socialism, but against the strength of the
German people, which is to be smashed once and for all, regardless of whether
it is in the hands of Hitler or a Jesuit priest."(Emrys Hughes)
****In Sep, Soviets declare neutrality and
begin seizure of 23 million Europeans to
incorporate into its Greater Communist Union.
****FRANCE
ATTACKS GERMANY****
Sept 4 – BRITAIN ATTACKS GERMANY
British Royal Air Force attacks the German Navy, sinking even life
rafts. Prior to this first bombing,
Hitler had been pro-British and wanted peace.
1939 "The millions of Jews who live in America, England
and France, North and South Africa, and,
not to forget those in Palestine, are determined to bring the war of
annihilation against Germany to its final end." (The Jewish newspaper,
Central Blad Voor Israeliten in Nederland, 9/13, 1939)
Isaac Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha PC (9/7, 1893 – 2/16, 1957) was a British Jew
Liberal, then National Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) and Cabinet
Minister. He later joined the
Conservative Party. Hore-Belisha was
appointed Minister of Transport in 1934.
Having succeeded at the Ministry of Transport, in 1937 he was
controversially appointed by Neville Chamberlain as Secretary of State for War.
Hore-Belisha's Jewishness labeled him a warmonger and a Bolshevik. Even those who were not strongly opposed to
him took to nicknaming him "Horeb" or "Horeb-Elisha" as a
pun on his race: Horeb is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the place where the
golden calf was made and to which Elijah fled.
Hore-Belisha sought permission to introduce conscription in 1938 but was
rebuffed by Chamberlain, who would not agree to increased defense
spending. Senior Conservatives believed
that Hore-Belisha was more concerned about the fate of Jewish people abroad
than of Britain itself, such that he wanted Britain to wage war against Germany
with the sole intention of protecting European Jews. In early 1939, he was finally allowed to
introduce conscription to meet the threat of Nazi Germany. As part of his modernization of the British
armed forces, he sacked three prominent members of the Imperial General Staff,
replacing them with fresher minds. In
the early months of World War II, he banned a popular yet anti-semitic song
which had been widely sung by the armed forces, to the tune of "Onward,
Christian Soldiers": “Onward Christian Soldiers, You have nought to
fear. Israel Hore-Belisha Will lead you
from the rear. Clothed by Monty Burton,
fed on Lyons pies; Die for Jewish freedom As a Briton always dies.” In January 1940, Hore-Belisha was dismissed
from the War Office. Once again, he was
accused of having dragged Britain into the war in order to protect Jewish
people on mainland Europe, and was considered a warmonger who did not have
Britain's interests at heart. By 1940,
his relations with Lord Gort, commander of the British Expeditionary Force in
France, had deteriorated such that neither man had confidence in the
other. Hore-Belisha was unpopular
amongst his fellow ministers. As a
result, Chamberlain agreed to replace him as Secretary of State for War.
James Barry Munnik
Hertzog, better known as J. B. M.
Hertzog (4/3, 1866– 11/21, 1942) was a Boer general during the second Anglo-Boer
War who later went on to become Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa from
1924 to 1939. Throughout his life he encouraged the development of the
Afrikaner culture, determined to protect the Afrikaner from British
influence. Afrikaner nationalism
emphasized the unity of all Afrikaans speaking white people, the Volk (nation),
against such "foreign" elements as Blacks, Jews and English-speaking
South Africans. During the 1930s a group
of Broederbond members shaped the Afrikaner nationalistic ideology, by trying
to create a common "Christian-nationalistic" identity for all white,
Afrikaans speaking South Africans as well as introducing the idea of
Volkskapitalisme (people's capitalism) that tried to take control from the
"British" or "Jewish" foreign economic system and to adapt it
to Afrikaner's national character. Even
after numerous successful initiatives for the Volk, on 9/4, 1939, the United
Party caucus refused to accept Hertzog's
stance of neutrality in World War II and deposed him in favor of Smuts. (There must be much more behind the scenes
story to this deposition.)
The S-Plan or
Sabotage Campaign or England Campaign was a campaign of bombing and
sabotage against the civil, economic, and military infrastructure of the United
Kingdom from 1939 to 1940, conducted by members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA).
It is unlikely that the German Intelligence Abwehr I & II had any
input into the formation of the S-plan. However, interest in the S-Plan did
become a feature of subsequent IRA/Abwehr contact following the British
declaration of war on Germany in 1939.
Sept 5 - United States proclaims neutrality; German troops
cross the Vistula River in Poland.
Sept 5 – Britain creates a “Ministry of Economic
Warfare”. Britain
stops its trade with Europe to force German resources to feed all dependent
Europeans and sap its military resources.
Britain forces, in many ways, all neutral countries to stop trading with
Europe. Ex-President Herbert Hoover
developed a plan to help feed the Europeans, but Roosevelt rejects it. As in
WWI, Britain and US created policies which starved many Europeans.
Sept 6 – Union of South Africa (British) declares war on
Germany.
9/6, German troops enter Krakow
Following the invasion, Krakow was turned into the capital
of the General Government. In an
operation called "Sonderaktion Krakau", more than 180 university
professors and academics were arrested and sent to Sachsenhausen and Dachau
concentration camps, though they were
later released on the request of prominent Italians. Kraków remained relatively undamaged at the
end of the War, sparing most of the city's historical and architectural legacy. Most of the destruction was from the Allies.
The Germans begin to
erect modern structures for the Poles in Krakow. The Destruction of Krakow was not from
Germany, but by the Allies at the end of the War.
Sept 7, 1939 Germany holds its first parade in the city of
Danzig.
Showing the Return
of the City of Danzig to Germany and proclaiming the famous German saying,
"Danzig ist Deutsch."
Sept 8, 1939 – France invades German Saarbrucken and holds some towns
until May 1940.
Sept 10 - Canada (British) declares war on Germany; Battle
of the Atlantic begins.
9/15 The Kutno Ghetto (an example): 8000 Jews were living in Kutno. There was huge
tension between the Talmudic Jews and the Catholic Poles. The racist Jews took advantage of the
Poles. The Germans established firm
ghetto(neighborhood) boundaries and a Judenrat (Jewish government) was
established in November 1939. The Jews
knew that safety and order had been brought to their society and that they
would be perhaps sent to Palestine. The majority of Jews lived in typical
period housing, which seems like poverty to 21st century minds. The Jews customarily lived with more filth
than the Gentiles as they did not have the same cleanliness standards, which
wasn’t much in this era. Jewish citizens
pictured here in 1939 and 1940, are smiling, seemingly pleased to pose for
photographer Hugo Jaeger.:
“It is astonishing what immense fortunes the Jews have
collected in their ghetto and even ragged and vermin infested dirty little Jews
who look like beggars, carry with them, when you strip their clothes off them,
foreign currency, pieces of gold, diamonds and other valuables.”- The
Franke-Gricksch Report, May 1943
Sept 17, 1939 - Soviets invade Poland. Soviets have their own Einsatzgruppen to maintain
order. They had 20,000 in
Lithuania alone. The Germans had 500 for
the whole southern half of the Eastern front.
As the War progresses, the Soviets deport more than 12 million Eastern
Europeans through June 1941, including 2 million Jews. Anyone that Stalin considered to have been
tainted by the West were either killed or deported. All Soviet soldiers which have surrendered,
were killed or deported when once again under Soviet control. His own son committed suicide rather than be
taken to the Gulag. Many civilians which Soviets killed were blamed on Germans. This is 12 days before Nazis and Soviets
divide up artificial Poland.
“.. Even though the Germans were the foe, more often than
not, they treated us better than Stalin’s Reds. My dad was picked up by the Germans after
being left for dead by Stalin’s troops, and was taken to one of their field
hospitals. When he felt strong enough he
left with the help of peasants and made his way home ... For many in the West
it may seem hard to believe, but Nazi
occupation, despite reprisals, was better than being under Stalin. Because, for the first time, farmers could
work the land free of the disastrous Bolshevik collective system, bumper crops
were harvested. The Germans organized efficient food distribution. At last there was no starvation in the land.”
- Michael Kirilov born in Russian Poland 1917
Jews Welcomed the
Soviet Takeover of Eastern Poland in 1939 - ... Throngs of Jews, often
dressed in their best attire for the occasion, avidly greeting the Soviet
invaders of Poland in September 1939. Jewish accounts about such pro-Soviet
outbursts are legion, as are Polish accounts ... "The Red Army entered ...
early on the morning of Tuesday, 19 September 1939, to an enthusiastic welcome
by Vilna's Jewish residents, in sharp contrast to the Polish population's
reserve and even hostility." " ... The Jewish population [of Slonim]
received the Soviet Army on its entry into the city with bread and wine, with a
shower of flowers that were thrown at the soldiers, with drums and dances. ...
The gentiles whispered and said: `Now the Jewish government has come'."
Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet
Union after 1939: As a result of the Soviet invasion of Poland in
1939, hundreds of thousands of Polish soldiers became prisoners of war in the
Soviet Union. Many of them were
executed; over 20,000 Polish military personnel and civilians perished in the
Katyn massacre. On 9/17, 1939, the Red
Army invaded the territory of Poland from the east. The invasion took place while Poland was
already sustaining serious defeats in the wake of the German attack on the
country that started on 9/1, 1939. The
Soviets moved to safeguard their claims in accordance with the
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. During the Red
Army's rapid advance, about 6,000–7,000 Polish soldiers died in the fighting,
230,000–450,000 were taken prisoner—230,000 immediately after the campaign and
70,000 more when the Soviets annexed the Baltic States and assumed custody of
Polish troops interned there. The (Jew) Soviets often failed to honor the
terms of surrender. In some cases,
they promised Polish soldiers freedom after capitulation and then arrested them
when they laid down their arms. Some
Polish soldiers were murdered shortly after capture, like General Józef
Olszyna-Wilczyński, who was taken prisoner, interrogated and shot on 9/22,
during the invasion itself.
Britain, France,
Australia, New Zealand and India (British) do not declare war on the Soviet
Union which has invaded Poland!!
German–Soviet military
parade in Brest-Litovsk refers to an official ceremony held by the
troops of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on September 22, 1939 during the
invasion of Poland in the city of Brest-Litovsk (Polish: Brześć nad Bugiem or
Brześć Litewski, then in the Second Polish Republic, now Brest in Belarus). It
marked the withdrawal of German troops to the previously agreed demarcation
line and the handover of the city and its fortress to the Soviet Red Army.
The Nuremberg "Rally of Peace"
(to reiterate the German desire for peace) was cancelled because of Polish
aggression and the start of the War.
In Sept 1939, Germans dropped candy into Warsaw. In October 1943 Germans dropped US dollars in
Paris. While one side looked real, the
other said “This dollar is valid only of signed by Morgenthau. The Minister of the United States Treasury is
the Jew Morgenthau Junior, allied to the big sharks of international finance. All the Jewish symbols appear on the dollar:
the Eagle of Israel, the Triangle, the Eye of Jehovah and the thirteen letters
of the device, stars of the halo, arrows, olive branches and steps of the
unfinished pyramid. This money is
certainly Jewish! The dollar has paid
for the Jewish war. The only message
that the Anglo-Americans are able to address to us is: Will this dollar be
enough to compensate us for the sorrows caused by the Jewish war? Money has no smell…but the Jew has one!” The British Secret Service said that the
Germans made Candy bars from molded explosive.
They were never used, so this is a doubtful story.
****Psy
Ops - Airdropped Propaganda:
Since World War I this has been used, especially by the West. Propaganda in the form of literature or gifts
have been dropped. Usually, pre-invasion
forces drop literature to mock, confuse, or lower morale of the enemy. While invading, gifts to the locals are given
as the invaders want to appear friendly.
The US Army FM (Field Manual) 33-1 Psychological Operations Techniques
and Procedures is not in favor of gifts prior to invasion. The recipient would use the gift, ignoring
the message.
As early as August 1941, the British forged clothing, bread,
margarine, meat, butter, cheese, lard, civilian and soldier ration cards and
dropped them in Germany. The British
forgery section sent cigarette paper with malingering instructions on how to
feign illness and avoid work or front-line duty. The US airdropped millions of matchbooks
printed with propaganda messages behind enemy lines to boost morale of the
‘occupied’ people.
Allies dropped propaganda toilet paper to ridicule
Hitler. The French (communist)
resistance gave out matchbooks with
instructions on how to derail trains.
There were also campaigns of pornography, chocolates, tea, coffee,
cigarettes papers, seeds and condoms.
There were other gifts or small items which were in short supply. There were Gift packs with items including
stationary, wrapping paper, chess game, and calendar.
Sometimes campaigns were cancelled. There were Cluster bomb unit in the same
color as food packets. Usually drops
were leaflets.
The German soldiers often used this British propaganda
literature FOR toilet paper.
The Japanese sent Christmas cards to make American soldiers
homesick.
Seed, rice, soap, needles and thread were dropped to Japan
occupied nations.
During the Berlin blockade, the West dropped chocolate and
food throughout East Berlin as well as their saving West Berlin.
During the Korea and Vietnam wars, in addition to the
previously named drops were radios.
Even during the Iraqui and Afghanistan wars all of the above
was used.
Currently Israel beams
pornography to Palestinian homes television sets.
****British
Propaganda - A sub-section of MI-6 invented and spread many of
the myths and rumors. Some of their
ruses were so clever and innovative that even the Joint Intelligence Committee
took many seriously.
The Ministry of
Information published fake refugee memoirs. The “Diary of a Dutch Boy Refugee”
by the fictitious Dirk van der Heide, films such as “The Foreman Went to
France” and “Went the Day Well?” During 1940 and 1941 were more tall
stories. These included “Through the
Dark Night” by James Lansdale Hodson, a Daily Sketch correspondent. These have
all been added to since – with further embellishments. “The New Contemptibles” (1940) by Douglas
Williams and the “War Reporter” (1941) by Bernard Gray, and “The Rape of the
Netherlands” by van Kleffens were solicited for more propaganda. These included stories of German paratroops
dressed as nuns, priests, nurses, and women. Newspapers peddled these lies on a
daily basis. In Britain, a former Czech
communist fighter Edward Spiro wrote a series of lying books on intelligence
matters under the pseudonym E.H Cookridge, with the first of these, “Secrets of
the British Secret Service” published in 1947.
The allied side ascribed German victories to underhand
secret weapons rather than poor British leadership and military
incompetence. Many in the British
military and political establishment, including Churchill, Ramsey and Ironside,
gave these myths full credit. Churchill
even said that there were 20,000 organized Nazis in Britain. “Some historians
have concluded that the fifth column menace was deliberately fabricated to
support mass internment in Britain, and in this there is a great deal of
truth." – James Hayward, Myths and Legends of the Second World War.
The same fictitious poisoned sweets passed out to children
by German troops in the WWI were not handed out to children in WWII.
Some Results: In 1914 dachshund dogs were kicked and stoned
on the streets of Britain. In 1939 they
had swastikas crudely drawn on their backs.
Delicatessens and German owned shops were attacked and
looted, as was anyone with a German sounding name. Some were German Jews.
Drew Middleton of the Associated Press questioned the
hard-line British propaganda machine: "it's – come
on-Hitler-we're-ready-stuff." Such was the psychotic effects of propaganda
that tennis courts were foolishly identified as gun platforms. Matches struck in the street were reported as
signals to spies or submarines.
In WWI, the Kaiser was said to be insane and now Adolf
Hitler was said to be insane. On May 21, 1940 the French Prime Minister said
that the loss of the bridges over the River Meuse was on account of fifth
columnists. They were in fact lost due
to military incompetence. Mythical fifth
columnists simply make a convenient scapegoat. (like the current al Queda)
U-boat bases were said to be in Ireland and German
submarines had cold-stored severed limbs to be jettisoned to simulate their own
sinking.
Hitler was said to be sexually abnormal.
In 1981, Jack Glenn, director of
the popular 1935-1953 newsreel series March of Time (Which the History Channel
still uses), died at the age of 76. He often created world events with actors
and movie sets. One such news feature
film, Inside Nazi Germany, made in 1939, included footage allegedly of a Nazi
concentration camp, which was filmed on Staten Island, New York with scores of
NYC actors. Much of the film's footage
was shot within the 3rd Reich's borders by a freelance cameraman but the
imaginary Nazi camp atrocities were quite certainly 'Made in the US of A.'
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sept 27, 1939 - Warsaw surrenders to Germans;
Reinhard Heydrich becomes the leader of new Reich Main Security Office
(RSHA). This Einsatzgruppen was a
temporary measure of security and enlisted only 6,000 police officers to
maintain order in all territories regained by the German army. Citizens of Warsaw were allowed time to
evacuate before bombing as per Hague agreements, unlike German cities later
bombed by Allies.
Having secured Germany's borders Adolf Hitler paid a
personal visit to the tomb of Marshall Pilsudski, the renowned Polish
President. The Fuhrer, bare headed and
with military cap in hand, paid silent respect for several minutes.
The British leaders had been just as eager as the Germans to
negotiate a deal with Stalin up to the outbreak of war in September 1939.
Sept 29, 1939 - Nazis and Soviets divide up artificial Poland. Soviets take larger share and also the Baltic
States. Germans take back pre WWI German
territory and diplomatically continue a Polish General Government from their
half. [Remember Poland had only been created by WWI Allies at Versailles.] This was very generous of the Germans. The population in the General Government's
territory was initially about 12 million, but this increased as about 860,000
Poles and Jews were expelled from the Germany-annexed areas and
"resettled" in the General Government. The area of these territories was 94,000
square kilometers (58,400 sq mi.) [Half the size of Italy] On October 26, 1939, Hans Frank was appointed
Governor-General of the occupied territories.
The government was German during the war and there were conflicting goals
of what the future would hold. Germany
had many positive relations with Polish leaders, but not the current ones at
the time of defensive invasion. Poles
were also deported in large numbers to work as paid forced labor in Germany. Any future persecutions of the Jews within
the Polish General Government was enthusiastically cooperated by the Poles
since there was great antagonism between the Jews and the Poles. Part of this was religious due to Jewish Chosenness,
part economic due to Jewish greed and part of it militarily due to Jewish
war-profiteering and cowardice of WWI.
The Jews of Poland never cared much for Poland supporting Jewish Soviet
Communism and its aggression against the Poles.
Soviets force onto Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia military
bases and about 25,000 troops to each country.
In Oct - Germans begin helpful and gentle euthanasia on the
severely sick and disabled (eugenics program) in Germany. America also had eugenics program which it
founded, including sterilization laws. German
Individuals to be sterilized would be carriers of congenital defects or
habitual criminals. Even so, about 20%
won their appeals.
Oct 6, 1939 Even
though France attacked German territory, Hitler offers peace and is again
rebuffed.
Oct 9, 1939 Hitler offers
to resign since most old German territory has been brought back into the
Reich. South Tyrol, given to Italy at
Versailles, is not acquired.
Karl Ernst Haushofer
(8/27, 1869 – 3/10, 1946) was a German general, geographer and geopolitician. Through his student Rudolf Hess, Haushofer's
ideas may have influenced the development of Adolf Hitler's expansionist
strategies, although Haushofer denied direct influence on the Nazi regime. Haushofer developed Geopolitik from widely
varied sources, including the writings of Oswald Spengler, Alexander Humboldt,
Karl Ritter, Friedrich Ratzel, Rudolf Kjellén, and Halford J. Mackinder. Geopolitik contributed to Nazi foreign policy
chiefly in the strategy and justifications for lebensraum. The theories contributed five ideas to German
foreign policy in the interwar period: the organic state ; lebensraum ; autarky
; pan-regions ; land power/sea power dichotomy.
His wife was a full Jew, but declared half-Jew.
10/16 Rarkowski, bishop of the German army, declares in a
pastoral letter that "the Almighty God had visibly blessed the struggle
against Poland that has been forced upon us." (Lewy)
10/28 Starting with the town of Piotrkow, German authorities
begin confining the Jews of Poland to a particular area (ghetto) of each city
or town in which they live. Sometimes
this area is the already prominently Jewish quarter, but often it is a poor
part of the town, away from the center. Jews from the rest of the town are then forced
to leave their homes, and to move into this, often much smaller area, in which
even the basic amenities are unavailable. In each of these ghetto areas, food and
medical supplies are restricted.
In Nov, Einsatzgruppen disbanded, later reactivated for
other army advances.
Nov 6 The Soviets seize the independent
Baltic States. The
resident Germans escape to the Reich.
The Germans there had had much influence with the Czars, not with the
Soviets.
Nov 8, 1939 - Assassination attempt on Hitler fails. Even though there are several loners and smaller
conspiracies, Hitler walks rather freely among his people. Some escapes seem somewhat miraculous and
many are convinced that he is doing God’s will.
Nov 30, 1939 - Soviets
attack Finland, bombing Helsinki and civilian cities.
Dec 14, 1939 - Soviet
Union expelled from the League of Nations.
****Germany
Military and Foreign Volunteers
Wehrmacht (defense
force) was the name of the unified armed forces of Germany from 1935 to 1945.
It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air
force).
The Waffen-SS (Armed SS) was
the combat arm of the Schutzstaffel ("Protective Squadron") or SS, an
organ of the Nazi Party. The Waffen-SS saw action throughout World War II and
grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions, and served alongside the
Wehrmacht Heer regular army, but was never formally part of it. It was Adolf Hitler's will that the Waffen-SS
never be integrated into the army: it was to remain the armed wing of the Party
and to become an elite police force once the war was over. Nearly 60% or 500,000 were Foreign
Volunteers. As the Soviet Union began to
collapse, Nightingale Divisions made up of nearly 1 million additional troops
from these liberated areas joined the fight against Germany’s war against
Jewish Communism and Capitalism. Units
made up of Ukrainians, White Russians, Georgians, Armenians, Tartars,
Siberians, Kalmucks and others. They and
their families were slaughtered by British and Soviet forces after the War.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. This is an SS recruiting poster. It says one can join at 18,
and sign up for shorter or longer periods of service.
****Foreign
Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht total 2,000,000 from Albania,
America, Arab Nations, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Russia. This was the grand European army against
Jewish Communism. The proof of the
destruction of Communism was very recent and apparent. This also fells the fable of Aryan supremacy
as Slavs, Arabs, Indians, and some Africans joined the cause.
1.Netherlands: “For your honor and conscience! Against
Bolshevism. The Waffen-SS calls you!”
2.Norway: “Come with us north” at the top, and “The
Norwegian Skihunter Batallion”
3.Flemish speaking Belgians: “Our answer: Pick up your arms
and fight!” (attacking England, personified by a Jew)
4.For Slovaks recalling the Russian massacre of Polish
officers in Katyn Forest.
5.Ukraine: “Stand up to fight Bolshevism in the ranks of the
Galicia division.”
6.In Russian: “Get the Jewish-Bolshevist warmongers out of
Europe!”
Corneliu Zelea
Codreanu (nee Corneliu Zelinski) (9/13, 1899 – 11/30,
1938) was a Romanian politician of the far right, the founder and
charismatic leader of the Iron Guard or The Legion of the Archangel Michael
(also known as the Legionary Movement), an ultra-nationalist and antisemitic
organization active throughout most of the interwar period. Generally seen as the main variety of local
fascism, and noted for its mystical and Romanian Orthodox-inspired
revolutionary message. (see 1936)
Ante Pavelić (7/14, 1889 – 12/28, 1959) was
Croatian
fascist leader, revolutionist and politician. He ruled the Independent State of
Croatia. In the 1930s, he was a founding
member and leader of the Croatian fascist ultra-nationalist separatist
movement, the Ustaše. He died from
wounds caused by an assassination attempt in Madrid on December 28, 1959.
Garegin Njdeh (1/1, 1886– 12/21, 1955) was an Armenian statesman, fedayee, political
thinker, and, as a member of the A.R.F. Dashnaktsutyun party, was involved in
revolutionary activities in Armenia, Bulgaria and Russia, and, as a member of
the "Armenian Legion", the armed forces of Nazi Germany. Because of his membership of the
"Armenian Legion" within the armed forces of Nazi Germany, in
September 1944 Njdeh was arrested in Bulgaria by the soldiers of Soviet Army's
special brigade "SMERSH". He
was transferred to Bucharest and then to Moscow, where he was held in the
Lubyanka prison. Decades after his
death, on 30 March 1992, Njdeh was rehabilitated by the supreme court of the
Republic of Armenia.
Miklós Horthy
de Nagybánya (6/18, 1868 – 2/9, 1957) was the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary during the interwar years and
throughout most of World War II, serving from March 1, 1920 to October 15,
1944. After Hungarian socialists and communists under Béla Kun seized power in
Hungary in 1919 and proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic, a
counterrevolutionary government formed and asked Horthy to take command of its
forces. A conservative who was
distinctly inclined toward the right of the political spectrum, he guided
Hungary through the years between the two world wars, and into an alliance with
Nazi Germany, in exchange for the restoration of some of the Hungarian
territories lost by the Treaty of Trianon.
But Horthy's faltering allegiance to his German patron eventually led
the Nazis to invade and take control of the country with Operation Margarethe
in March 1944. In October 1944, Horthy
announced that Hungary would surrender and withdraw from the Axis. He was
forced to resign, placed under arrest and taken to Bavaria; at war's end he
came under the custody of U.S. troops.
Léon Joseph Marie Ignace Degrelle (6/15, 1906 – 4/1,
1994) was a Walloon Belgian
politician, who founded Rexism and later joined the Nazi German Waffen SS
(becoming a leader of its Walloon contingent) which were front-line troops in
the fight against the Soviet Union. After
World War II, he was a prominent figure in the neo-nazi movements.
(1931-1945) Meinoud Marinus Rost van Tonningen
(February 19, 1894– June 6, 1945) was a Dutch
politician of the National Socialist Movement (NSB). During World War II and the German occupation
of the Netherlands, he collaborated extensively with the German occupation
forces.
1932-1935
1935-1940
Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley,
6th Baronet (11/16, 1896 – 12/3, 1980) was a British politician, known principally as the founder of the British
Union of Fascists. He was a member of
Parliament for Harrow from 1918 to 1923 and for Smethwick from 1926 to 1931. His first wife Cynthia died of peritonitis in
1933, after which Mosley married Diana Mitford (1910–2003, one of the Mitford
sisters). They married in secret in
Germany on October 6, 1936, in the Berlin home of Nazi propaganda chief Joseph
Goebbels. Adolf Hitler was one of the
guests.
The Mitford family
is a minor aristocratic English family that traces its origins to the Norman
conquest. Several heads of the family served as High Sheriff of Northumberland. In the 20th century, the "Mitford
sisters" — six daughters of David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale and
Sydney Bowles — became celebrated as "Diana the Fascist, Jessica the
Communist, Unity the Hitler-lover; Nancy the Novelist; Deborah the Duchess and
Pamela the unobtrusive poultry connoisseur". The Mitford
siblings: Nancy Mitford (11/28 1904 – 6/30 1973); Pamela Mitford (11/25 1907 – 4/12
1994); Thomas Mitford (1/2 1909 – 3/30 1945); Diana Mitford (6/17 1910 – 8/11
2003); Unity Mitford (8/8 1914 – 5/28 1948); Jessica Mitford (9/11 1917 – 7/22
July 1996); Deborah Mitford (3/31 1920- ).
Jessica, Nancy, Diana, Unity and Pamela
Mitford in 1935
Alexander Raven
Thomson (1899 – 1955) was a leading figure in the British Union of Fascists and was considered to be the party's
chief ideologue. He has been described
as the "Alfred Rosenberg of British fascism".
****The British Union
(BU) was a political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by Sir Oswald
Mosley as the British Union of Fascists, in 1936 it changed its name to the
British Union of Fascists and National Socialists and then in 1937 to simply
the British Union. It existed until
1940, when it was proscribed by the authorities. The BUF claimed 50,000 members at one
point. Prominent members included: Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of
Hamilton ; Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 8th Duke of Buccleuch ; Hastings Russell,
12th Duke of Bedford ; Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington ; Walter
Erskine, 12th Earl of Mar KT JP, father of Lord Erskine, who was another
member. ; Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll ; Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of
Portsmouth ; Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere - Owner of the
Daily Mail ; William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield ; Ronald Nall-Cain, 2nd
Baron Brocket ; Sydney Arnold, 1st Baron Arnold ; Montague Norman, 1st Baron
Norman ; David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale ; Diana Mitford (Lady
Mosley, after marriage to Sir Oswald Mosley in 1936) ; The Hon. Unity Mitford ;
Edward Frederick Langley Russell, 2nd Baron Russell of Liverpool ; John Francis
Ashley Erskine, Lord Erskine ; Lieutenant-Colonel Lord William Walter Montagu
Douglas Scott ; Colonel Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith ; Major Michael Beaumont ;
John Beckett ; Robert Forgan ; William Edward David Allen ; Captain Archibald
Maule Ramsay ; Admiral Sir Murray Sueter ; Sir Charles Petrie, 3rd Baronet ;
Admiral Sir Barry Edward Domvile - former Director of Naval Intelligence ;
Group Captain Sir Louis Leisler Greig ; Brigadier-General Sir Ormonde de l'Épée
Winter ; Sir Alliott Verdon Roe ; Sir Reginald Goodall - ; Air Vice Marshal
Donald Bennett ; Major General John Frederick Charles Fuller ; Frank Cyril
Tiarks - Director of the Bank of England ; Geoffrey Dawson - Editor of The
Times ; St. John Philby ; A. K. Chesterton ; Neil Francis Hawkins ; Arthur
Gilligan ; Jeffrey Hamm ; William Joyce ; Tommy Moran ; Alexander Raven Thomson
; Henry Williamson ; Frank Bossard. Also
TE Lawrence & Lord Beaverbrook.
"From that time onwards I had a strong suspicion that
there was some mysterious power at work behind the scenes controlling the
actions of the figures visibly taking part in the government of the
country. I had not the least idea whence
this power emanated, nor could I gauge its influence. I was in far too humble a position to make
such lofty discoveries. Still, the feeling persisted. We always vaguely
referred to this hidden control amongst ourselves as 'The Treasury.'"
Admiral Sir Barry Domville, RN. Assistant Secretary Imperial Defence Committee
before the Great War.
"If the people really knew, the war would be stopped
tomorrow. But, of course, they don't
know and they can't know. The
correspondents don't write and the censorship would not pass the truth."
British Prime Minister David Lloyd George (1863-1945) speaking to the editor of
the Manchester Guardian
"I strive not to throw
Europe into this criminal adventure. But
the States, even the British Crown, are not the masters of their destiny. Powers that elude us are promoting in Great
Britain, as in other countries, special interests and an aberrant
idealism." Stanley Baldwin (1867-1947), English statesman; Leader of the
Conservative Party & British Prime Minister 1924-29 and 1935-37
Admiral Sir Barry Edward
Domvile, KBE, CB, CMG (1878-1971)
Because of his pro-Nazi views and because he might 'endanger the safety
of the realm', Admiral Sir Barry Domvile was interned in Brixton Prison in the
Second World War, from July 7, 1940 to July 29, 1943. While he was interned, his anti-semitism
increased and he developed a conspiracy theory about a Jewish-Masonic
organisation.
In 2004, File names 400 people
with supposed pro-German views to be arrested on an invasion. Many members of the British upper classes who
would have been arrested in the event of a German invasion has been released
for the first time at the National Archives. The Duke, who had abdicated in
1936 to marry the then Wallis Simpson, had been causing embarrassment to the
British government in the immediate pre-war years by cultivating contacts with
Hitler and his regime. In a number of
cases the Supect List quotes leading British fascists as expressing the hope
that a victorious Nazi invasion would place the Duke back on the throne.
Arnold Spencer Leese
(1878–1956) was a veterinarian and a British
fascist politician. Leese was an
antisemite for much of his life, a prejudice reportedly kindled by his disgust
for kashrut, a set of laws dictating the correct form for preparing food and
slaughtering animals. “Jewish Ritual Murder”; “The Great Jewish
Masque”. His death is under
mysterious circumstances and his place ransacked and all his papers on a
current 1956 Jewish Ritual murder case were taken.
John Amery
(3/14, 1912– 12/19, 1945) was an English
fascist who proposed to the Wehrmacht the formation of a British volunteer
force (subsequently to become the British Free Corps), made recruitment efforts
and propaganda broadcasts for Nazi Germany. He was executed for treason after
the war.
Eoin O'Duffy
(Irish: Eoin Ó Dubhthaigh; 10/20, 1892 – 11/30, 1944), was in succession a
Teachta Dála (TD), the Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army, the second Commissioner of the Garda
Síochána, leader of the Army Comrades Association and then the first leader of
Fine Gael (1933–34), before leading the Irish Brigade to fight for Francisco
Franco during the Spanish Civil War. He
once proclaimed himself the "third most important man in Europe"
after Adolf Hitler and fellow fascist Benito Mussolini.
Éamon de Valera (born George De Valero) (10/14,
1882 – 8/29, 1975) was one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. His political career spanned over half a
century, from 1917 to 1973; he served multiple terms as head of government and
head of state, and is credited with a leading role in the authorship of the
present-day Constitution of Ireland. De
Valera formally offered his condolences to the German Minister in Dublin on the
death of Hitler in 1945, in accordance with diplomatic protocol. (Ireland did let German u-boats dock and refuel
in Irish ports.)
Other Flags:
Flag Movement 1928-1942 (Czechoslovakia)
National Union 1933-1945 (Norway)
Flemish National Union 1933-1945 (Belgium)
Hungarian Arrow Cross Party 1935-1945
NS Bloc (Sweden) 1933-early
1940's.
National Union (Norway)
1933-
NS Christian Party
(Canada) 1933-1938./ Canadian NS Unity (Current)
NS Party of Greater Japan 1934-1937
NS Dutch Workers Party (Netherlands)1931-1941(absorbed)
Italian National
Fascist Party 1922-1943
Nationalist Party (Puerto Rico) founded in 1922
Tohokai 1936-1945 (Japan)
Syrian Social Nationalist Party 1932-Current
South African Nazi Party (South Africa)/ South
African Gentile NS Movement (1930’s-1949)
The Silver Legion 1933-1942 (USA)
Brazil Integralism 1930s-1940s.
Spanish Falange Parties (1933-1945)
Swiss National Front (Switzerland)1933-1943
These are only a few of the many
Third World fascists or fellow travelers:
Others are listed
throughout this Thesis and many more through the decades to follow! Remember there were also communist
nationalists who evolved to be just to their people.
India for the Indians:
(1942-45) Subhas Chandra Bose
(1/23, 1897; presumed to have died August 18, 1945 although this is disputed
and lived until 1985 as an Indian
Holy man), popularly known as Netaji (literally "Respected Leader"),
was a leader in the Indian independence movement. Bose believed that Mahatma Gandhi's tactics
of non-violence would never be sufficient to secure India's independence, and
advocated violent resistance. At the
outset of the war, he left India, travelling to the Soviet Union, Germany and
Japan, seeking an alliance with the aim of attacking the British in India. With
Japanese assistance, he re-organised and later led the Indian National Army,
formed from Indian prisoners-of-war and plantation workers from British Malaya,
Singapore, and other parts of Southeast Asia, against British forces. His political views and the alliances he made
with Nazi and other militarist regimes at war with Britain have been the cause
of arguments among historians and politicians, with some accusing him of
fascist sympathies, while others in India have been more sympathetic towards
the inculcation of realpolitik as a manifesto that guided his social and
political choices. He is presumed to
have died on 18 August 1945 in a plane crash over Taiwan. However, contradictory evidence exists
regarding his death in the accident.
Mohan Singh (1909–1989) was an Indian
military officer and member of the Indian Independence Movement most famous for
his role in organising and leading the First Indian National Army in South East
Asia during World War II. Following Indian independence, Mohan Singh later
served in public life as a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha (Upper
House) of the Indian Parliament.
Keshav Baliram
Hedgewar (1938)
Madhav Sadashiv
Golwalkar (1938)
The Mid East for MiddleEasterners:
Mohammad Amin al-Husayni
(1895, 97-July 4, 1974) was a Palestinian
Arab nationalist and Muslim leader in the British Mandate of Palestine. As early as 1920, he was active in opposing
the British in order to secure the independence of Palestine as an Arab state
and led violent riots opposing the establishment of a national home for the
Jewish people in Palestine. From 1921
to 1948, al-Husayni was the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, using the position to
continue his promotion of Palestinian nationalism. His oppostition to the British peaked during
the 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine.
In 1937, wanted by the British, he fled Palestine and took refuge in,
successively, the French Mandate of Lebanon, the Kingdom of Iraq (where he was
involved in the Rashid Ali coup), Fascist Italy and finally Nazi Germany. He asked Hitler to back Arab independence and
requested that Germany oppose the establishment in Palestine of a Jewish
national home as part of the Pan-Arab struggle.
According to an American report, al-Husayni energetically recruited
Muslims for the Waffen-SS, the Nazi Party's elite military command. He was promised the leadership of Palestine
after German troops had driven out the British.
At the end of the war, he was allowed to flee to Syria as part of an
attempt to prevent the alienation of Middle Eastern regimes.
Rashid Aali al-Gaylani (1892 – 8/28, 1965) served as Prime Minister
of the Kingdom of Iraq on three
occasions. He is chiefly remembered as an Arab nationalist who attempted to
remove the British influence from Iraq. During his brief tenures as Prime
Minister in 1940 and 1941, he attempted to negotiate settlements with the Axis
powers during World War II in order to counter British influence in Iraq.
Reza Shah Pahlavi of
Iran (see 1941)
Sayyed Ruhollah Mostafavi Musavi Khomeini (9/22, 1902 – 6/3,
1989) was an Iranian religious leader and politician, and leader of the 1979
Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah
of Iran.
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (9/24, 1884 – 12/25,
1973) was a Turkish Army General,
Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, the Republican People's Party
gave him the title of "Milli Şef" (National Chief).
General Drastamat Kanayan (5/31, 1884 – 3/8, 1956), was a
politician, revolutionary, military commander of the Armenian Legion of the
Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany during WWII, and part of Armenian
national liberation movement as a member of the A.R.F. Dashnaktsuyun.
Shukri al-Quwatli (1891 – 6/30, 1967) was the president of Syria from 1943 to 1949 and from
1955 to 1958.
Bechara El Khoury (8/10, 1890 – 1/11, 1964) was the first post-independence
President of Lebanon, holding office
from 9/21, 1943 to 9/18, 1952. He had
previously served two brief terms as Prime Minister in 1927 - 1929. Khoury is remembered for his part in drawing
up the National Pact, an agreement between Lebanon's Christian and Muslim
leaders which forms the basis of the country's constitutional structure today.
Antun Saadeh of
Lebanon (see 1932)
Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan (1885-1953) was a political
figure in Afghanistan. Preferring not to rely on the Soviet Union or
Britain, Hashim turned to Germany. By
1935 German experts and businessmen had set up factories and hydroelectric
projects at the invitation of the Afghan government. Smaller amounts of aid were also offered by
Japan and Italy. He governed Afghanistan
as Royal Prime Minister from November 14, 1929 until May 1946.
Antun Saadeh (3/1, 1904 – 7/8, 1949) was a Lebanese Syrian nationalist philosopher, writer and politician who
founded the Syrian Social Nationalist Party on 11/16, 1932. He was the son of a Lebanese Christian
Orthodox physician. In 1924, Saadeh
founded a secret society whose goal was the unification of the Natural Syria;
this society was dissolved the following year. Natural Syria, according to Saadeh, included
the Levant, Palestine and Transjordan. His
concept of Syria included all religious, ethnic and linguistic groups living in
this region. On the 11/16, 1935, the
existence of the party was proclaimed and Saadeh was arrested and sentenced to
6 years imprisonment. During his
confinement, he wrote his first book, "The Rise of Nations". He was detained in June 1936 and arrested in
March 1937. After Brazil and Argentina, Saadeh
returned to Lebanon on 3/2, 1947, following the country's independence from
France. He was executed by a firing
squad. His party continued to be active
after his death. During the 1960s,
party's leaders were arrested and eventually, party splintered into separate
factions. The party symbol was a reversed swastika and the party's anthem was
sung with music of German anthem. Within
the party, Saadeh gained cult of personality and advocated totalitarian system
of government and at the same time glorifying pre-Christian past of Syrian
people. Saadeh was named party's leader
for life. He viewed social nationalism,
his version of nationalism, as a tool to transform traditional society into a
dynamic and progressive one. Saadeh
rejected both language and religion as defining characteristics of a nation,
and instead argued that nations develop through the common development of a
people inhabiting a specific geographical region. He was thus a strong opponent of Pan-Islamism.
He argued that Syria was historically,
culturally, and geographically distinct from the rest of the Arab world, which
he divided into four parts. He traced
Syrian history as a distinct entity back to the Phoenicians, Canaanites,
Assyrians, Babylonians etc. and argued that Syrianism transcended religious
distinctions. During a 1935 speech,
Saadeh himself said: "I want to use this opportunity to say that the
system of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party is neither a Hitlerite nor a
Fascist one, but a pure social nationalist one. It is not based on useless
imitation, but is instead the result of an authentic invention -- which is a
virtue of our people".
Sheikh
Pierre Gemayel (11/6, 1905 – 8/29, 1984) was a Lebanese political leader, the founder of the Kataeb Party (also known as the Phalangist Party), and as the
father of Bachir Gemayel and Amine Gemayel, both of whom were elected to the
Presidency of the Republic in his lifetime. His son, Bachir Gemayel was assassinated on 9/14,
1982 after being elected to the Presidency. His grandson Pierre Amine Gemayel,
a Cabinet Minister, was similarly assassinated. Several other descendants of
Pierre Gemayel have also been murdered. He opposed the French Mandate over
Lebanon in the late 1930s and early 1940s, and advocated an independent state,
free from foreign control. In 1936 the
Kataeb Party was founded by Gemayel and took its inspiration from the European
fascists, using the Hitler salute and a brown shirted uniform. Kataeb Party is described as a Christian Party. The foundation of the Syrian Social
Nationalist Party by Antun Saadeh in 1932 was the trigger for the establishment
of the Kateb Party, since the former actively tried to influence Lebanon
towards the Syrian interests, leading to direct challenge for Lebanese
nationalists. The founders of the Kataeb
Party were young, French-educated and middle-class professionals who committed
to independent and Western-oriented Lebanon.
Davud
Monshizadeh (1914–1989) an Iranian
Persian ethnic was one of the principal founders of Sumka (the
"Iranian National Socialist Workers Party") in 1952. He was a former SS member and a professor and
was deeply influenced by Jose Ortega y Gasset's philosophy, even translating
many of his books (which he hoped would serve as founding principles for the
party), from Spanish to Persian. Monshizadeh would later serve as a Professor
of Persian Studies at Alexandria University. Monshizadeh was known as an admirer of Hitler
and copied many of the ways of the Nazi Party (such as their militarism and
salute). 1940 - He started writing
articles for Das Reich, the official Nazi newspaper. 1953 - Monshizadeh was “Unofficially Exiled”
to Europe by the Shah. 1989 - He died in
Sweden. The group became associated with
opposition to Mohammad Mosaddegh and the Tudeh Party whilst supporting the Shah
and were ultimately absorbed into the 'Arya' movement of Hasan Arfa, a group
that, whilst maintaining some Nazi ideals, was of a more basic militaristic
bent than SUMKA.
Africa for the Africans: (Most of Africa was colonized.)
Abdul Nasser of Egypt (see 1970)
Anwar El Sadat of Egypt (see 1970)
The Misr El-Fatah
(Young Egypt) Party was formed October 1933 as a "radical
nationalist" party with "religious elements" by its leader Ahmed
Husayn. Its aim was to make Egypt an "empire" -- the empire
consisting of Egypt and Sudan -- that would ally with other Arab countries and
"serve as the leader of Islam". It was also a militaristic
organization whose young members were organized in a paramilitary movement
called the Green Shirts marching with torches under the slogan “One folk, One
party, One Leader”. It openly admired
the achievements of Nazi Germany, the enemy of Egypt's occupier, Great Britain.
Gamal Abdel Nasser was a young
member. During its heyday in the 1930s Young Egypt's
"Green Shirts" had some violent confrontations with the Wafd party's
"blue shirts." Under
government pressure, the Green shirts were disbanded in 1938. The group was renamed the Nationalist Islamic
Party in 1940, when it took on a more religious, as well as anti-British tone. After the war it was renamed yet again, now
the Socialist Party of Egypt. The Party
platform called for: Establishing a parliamentary/presidential ruling system.; Enhancing
the Egyptian-Arab ties.; Achieving integration with African countries.;
Adopting non-alignment policies.; Establishing the so-called socialist Islamic
economic system and boosting the role of the private sector. It was disbanded, along with all other
parties, in 1953 following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. After parties were allowed again in Egypt,
Ibriham Shukri formed a group, the Socialist Labor Party in 1978, which took
much of the ideology of Young Egypt. Another Young Egypt group was founded in 1990.
It is led by Abdallah Rushdi. The Party & legislative elections The
Party fielded seven candidates to run for the 2000 legislative elections.
The Wafd Party
(Delegation Party) was a nationalist liberal political party in Egypt. It was instrumental in the development of the
1923 constitution, and supported moving Egypt from dynastic rule to a
constitutional monarchy, where power would be wielded by a nationally-elected
parliament. After student demonstrations against the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty,
party leaders created a youth wing dubbed the "Blue Shirts." By June 1937, the Wafd feared that the Blue
Shirts were becoming too militant, and thereafter further restricted their
privileges. It failed in 1952 through the
party's failure to boycott the Farouk government after it acceded to the
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. The
policies followed by the party during the Anglo-Egyptian crisis of the
mid-1930s alienated many Egyptian nationalists.
Leaders: Saad Zaghlul Pasha 1919 to 1927, Mustafa el-Nahhas Pasha 1927
to 1952. The party, along with all other
Egyptian political parties, was banned in January 1953 by Gamal Abdel Nasser
following the Free Officers Revolution of 1952.
In 1983 a New Wafd Party was founded, following a liberal, nationalist
line similar to the original Wafd party.
Within the Egyptian Army General Aziz Ali al-Masri
(1878-1965) was noted for his fascist sympathies, to the extent that he was
dismissed as Chief of Staff in 1940. Masri
deserted the army and attempted to link up with the Afrika Korps but was arrested
before he could escape.
Hasan al-Banna (10/14, 1906 – 2/12, 1949) was a schoolteacher and
imam, best known for founding the
'Muslim Brotherhood'. He was
assassinated. Hassan al Banna was an
admirer of Adolf Hitler and wrote supportive letters to Hitler. Hassan was solicited by Nazi intelligence. He
established a Nazi Germany spy network throughout the Arabian Peninsula for
Hitler. Al Banna promised Hitler that
when Gen. Rommel's panzer division arrived in Cairo and Alexandria, the Muslim
Brotherhood would ensure that all of the British troops would be killed.
Mohamed El Maadi of
Algeria (see 1925)
South Africa: It
must be noted that the Dutch Boers migrated to South Africa before the Bantus had even arrived.
Louis Theodor Weichardt (5/21, 1894 – 10/26, 1985) was a South African political leader who
founded the Greyshirts, a National Socialist organization. On 10/26, 1933, he founded the South African
Christian National Socialist Movement with a paramilitary section called the
Grayshirts. He was Interned during World
War II, and afterward worked with Oswald Pirow's New Order. Disbanding his party in 1948, Weichardt gave
his allegiance to Daniel François Malan's National Party. He became senator from Natal Province from
1956-1970.
James Barry Munnik (JBM)Hertzog,
(4/3, 1866 -11/21, 1942) was a Boer
general during the second Anglo-Boer War who later went on to become Prime
Minister of the Union of South Africa from 1924 to 1939. Throughout his life he encouraged the
development of the Afrikaner culture, determined to protect the Afrikaner from
British influence.
Oswald Pirow (8/14,
1890 -10/11, 1959) was a South African
lawyer and politician, who was a minister of Justice and minister of Defence. He was a son of German immigrants. Pirow came under the influence of Tielman Roos. Pirow became an admirer of Adolf Hitler after
meeting him in 1933. During this tour he also met Benito Mussolini, António de
Oliveira Salazar and Francisco Franco and became convinced that a European war
was imminent, with Nazi victory assured. Pirow supported Hertzog's calls for neutrality
when war did arrive. By September 1940
he was backing a Nazi style dictatorship. Pirow continued to publish a newsletter until
1958 his political career was effectively over.
Pirow became a friend of Oswald Mosley and with him developed an idea
for the division of Africa into exclusively black and white areas.
Tielman Johannes de
Villiers Roos (1879 – 3/28, 1935) was a South African politician and sometime Cabinet minister. Roos made his name as the leader of a group
of young members of the South African Party who were opposed to the creation of
the Union of South Africa by Louis Botha. Roos and his followers fell in with Daniel François Malan and he was a
founding member of the National Party.
Daniel François Malan
(5/22, 1874-2/7, 1959) was the Prime Minister of South Africa from 1948 to 1954. He is seen as a champion of Afrikaner
nationalism. His National Party
government came to power on the program of apartheid and began its
comprehensive implementation.
The National Party is a former political party in South Africa. Founded in 1915, it was
the governing party of the country from 4 June 1948 until 9 May 1994. Members
of the National Party were sometimes known as Nationalists or Nats. Its
policies included apartheid, the establishment of a republic, and the promotion
of Afrikaner culture.
In Italian Libya Benito Mussolini presented himself as a
defender of Islam and he formed a Libyan Arab Fascist Party to which indigenous
people were admitted. This was not the
case in Ethiopia, where resistance was much fiercer and fascism did not take
root. In both colonies, though, fascist
youth movements were formed under Italian tutelage.
A number of pro-fascist aristocrats, including Josslyn Hay,
made their homes in Kenya during the 1930s. Although too few in number to form any
meaningful political grouping they nonetheless maintained close links to the
British Union of Fascists, of which most had been members. Other white settlers organized pro-Nazi
groups in Rhodesia.
Asia for Asians:
Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines (see 1989)
Bogyoke (General) Aung San (2/13, 1915 – 7/19, 1947) was
a Burmese revolutionary,
nationalist, founder of the modern Burmese army (Tatmadaw), and considered to
be the Father of modern-day Burma. He
was a founder of the Communist(nationalist) Party of Burma and was instrumental
in bringing about Burma's independence from British colonial rule in Burma, but
was assassinated six months before independence. He is recognized as the
leading architect of independence, and the founder of the Union of Burma. Affectionately known as "Bogyoke"
(General), Aung San is still widely admired by the Burmese people, and his name
is still invoked in Burmese politics to this day. Aung San had a daughter, Aung San Suu Kyi,
who is a Burmese politician and the recipient of a Nobel Peace Prize.
Ba Maw (2/8, 1893 – 5/29, 1977) was a Burmese political leader, active during the interwar and WW
II. Ba Maw wrote his doctoral thesis in
the French language on aspects of Buddhism in Burma. ( Ba Maw's elder brother
Dr Ba Han, who devoted into Christianity also obtained his doctorate, from a UK
university, and Ba Han's doctoral thesis was entitled 'The Mysticism of William
Blake').
Field Marshal Phibun of Thailand (see 1938)
Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo (6/6, 1901 – 6/21, 1970) was the
first President of Indonesia. Sukarno was the leader of his country's
struggle for independence from the Netherlands and was Indonesia's first
President from 1945 to 1967 . He was replaced by one of his generals, Suharto
(see Transition to the New Order), and remained under house arrest until his
death.
Hồ Chí Minh (5/19, 1890 – 9/2, 1969), was a Vietnamese Communist (Nationalist) revolutionary
leader who was prime minister (1945–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and
the Viet Cong (NLF or VC) during the Vietnam War. He led the Viet Minh independence movement
from 1941 onward, establishing the communist-ruled Democratic Republic of
Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at battle of Dien Bien
Phu. He officially stepped down from
power in 1955 due to health problems, but remained a highly visible figurehead
and inspiration for Vietnamese fighting for his cause – a united, communist
Vietnam – until his death. After the
war, Saigon, capital of the Republic of Vietnam, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. He oversaw military actions against the Vichy
French and Japanese occupation of Vietnam during World War II, supported closely
but clandestinely by the US OSS, and later against the French bid to reoccupy
the country (1946–54). He was jailed in China by Chiang Kai-shek's
local authorities before being rescued by Chinese Communists. Following his release in 1943, he returned to
Vietnam. He was treated for malaria and dysentery by American OSS doctors.
Prince Fumimaro Konoe (Konoe Fumimaro?, often Konoye, 10/12, 1891 –
12/16, 1945) was a Japanese politician in the Empire of Japan who served as the
34th, 38th and 39th Prime Minister between June 1937 and October 1941 and
founder/leader of the Taisei Yokusankai
(Imperial Rule Assistance Association?) on 10/12, 1940 which aimed to create a
totalitarian single-party state, which would maximize efficiency of Japan’s
total war effort during WW II. Konoe
originally conceived the party to overcome the deep-rooted differences and
political cliques between bureaucrats, politicians and the military. It was to be
organized along nationalist syndicalism lines, with new members assigned to
branches based on occupation, which would then develop channels for mass
participation of the common population to “assist with the Imperial Rule”. Prior to creation of the Taisei Yokusankai, Konoe had already passed the National
Mobilization Law, which effectively nationalized strategic industries, the news
media, and labor unions. Society was
mobilized through the National Spiritual Mobilization Movement, which organized
patriotic events and mass rallies, and promoted slogans such as
"Yamato-damashii" (?) and "Hakkō ichiu" (?). This was urged to "restore the spirit and
virtues of old Japan". In addition
to patriotism, the Taisei Yokusankai
helped maintain public order and provided certain public services via the Neighborhood
Associations. It also played a role in
increasing productivity, monitoring rationing, and organizing civil defense. The Taisei
Yokusankai was also militarized, with its members donning khaki-colored
uniforms. In the last period of the
conflict, the membership received military training and was projected to
integrate with civil militia in case of the anticipated American invasion. During the occupation of Japan, the American
authorities purged thousands of government leaders from public life for having
been members of the Association.
Adachi Kenzō (12/20,
1864 – 8/2, 1948) was a Japanese politician of Taishō and early Shōwa periods. He was elected to the House of Representatives
of Japan in 1902. He formed and was president of the Kokumin Domei in 1932, a Japanese fascist political party. It advocated a form of state socialism or
corporatism with government control of strategic industries and financial
institutions, and the creation of a Japan-Manchukuo economic union. However, in 1935, many members returned to the
Minseitō fold, and in 1936, Nakano left the party to form the Tohokai the
following year. In June 1940, The
Kokumin Dōmei was merged into the Taisei
Yokusankai as part of Hideki Tōjō's efforts to create a single-party state.
Seigō Nakano (Nakano Seigō?) (2/12, 1886 – 10/27, 1943) was a
Japanese political leader who advocated a fascist Japan to complete the Meiji
Restoration. Nakano sought to bring
about a rebirth of Japan through a blend of the samurai ethic,
Neo-Confucianism, and populist nationalism modeled on European fascism. He saw Saigō
Takamori as epitomizing the 'true spirit' of the Meiji ishin, and the task of
modern Japan to recapture it. ((Saigō
Takamori (1/23, 1828 – 9/24, 1877) was a samurai and dubbed the last true
samurai. Saigō's last stand against the
Meiji government in the Battle of Shiroyama was the historical basis for the
2003 film The Last Samurai.))
In December 1937, Nakano had a personal audience with Benito
Mussolini. In the next month, he met
with Adolf Hitler and Joachim Ribbentrop.
In January 1939, Nakano gave a speech on the need for a totalitarian
Japan. He distinguished between
old-style, conservative despotism, and a "Totalitarianism… based on
essentials." He calls for a
"government going beyond democracy" giving consideration to "the
essence of human beings." With
organic unification of individuals "sharing common ideals and a common way
of feeling," there can be formed "a perfect national
organization." On 2/16, 1942,
British diplomats secretly proposed a peace deal with Japan. A possible agreement was that if Great Britain
formally recognized the authority of Imperial Japan over North China and
Manchuria, the Japanese would return sovereignty over the Malay Peninsula and
Singapore to Britain. Nakano committed
(ritual suicide) on 10/27, 1943 after being placed under house arrest.
Tōhōkai (Society of the East?) was a Japanese fascist political
party formed in 1936. Nakano advocated
national reform through parliamentary means rather than through a military coup
d'état. The Tōhōkai used many of the
trappings of the European movements it emulated, including the wearing of black
shirts with armbands (bearing the Japanese character for 'East') and holding of
mass rallies. Tōhōkai was strongly
monarchist in nature and advocated an economic policy which it called 'social
nationalism'. The group was also strong imperialist, with
Nakano suggesting that Japan should "blast a way through Singapore to the
Persian Gulf in order to link up with Nazi Germany directly. In October 1943, Nakano was arrested along
with 39 other members of the party on charges of plotting to overthrow the Tōjō
regime. After the Occupation of Japan,
the Tōhōkai was revived by former members, and is now a minor ultranationalist
group. The National Socialist Japanese
Workers and Welfare Party also claims to be a successor to the Tōhōkai and
sometimes uses its symbols.
Americas for all the
Americans (not just for the US, the perversion of the Monroe
Doctrine be damned):
Many of the South and
Central American leaders were too intimidated by the American Yankees to
support the Axis. Yet especially with
all the resident Germans, Italians, Spanish and Portuguese, different types of
nationalist fascisms had been imported and had fertile ground.
Juan Peron of
Argentina (see 1947)
Leopoldo Lugones Argüello (6/13, 1874 – 2/18, 1938) was an Argentine writer and journalist. He was first a Socialist, later a
conservative/traditionalist and finally a supporter of Fascism and as such an
inspiration for a group of rightist intellectuals such as Juan Carulla and
Rodolfo Irazusta. In early 1938, the
despairing and disillusioned Lugones committed suicide by taking a mixture of
whisky and cyanide.
Several pro-fascist intellectuals grouped together as (Affirmation
of A New Argentina). They worked closely
with José Félix Uriburu, which initially attempted to introduce corporatism
inspired by Benito Mussolini.
Lieutenant General José Félix Benito Uriburu y Uriburu
(1868–1932) was the first de facto President of Argentina, achieved through a
military coup, from 9/6, 1930 to 2/20, 1932.
In September 1930, he led a military coup against President Hipólito
Yrigoyen, in which the Argentine Patriotic League participated. The Argentine
Patriotic League was a nationalist paramilitary group, created on 1/16,
1919. It merged into the Argentine Civic Legion in 1931. It quickly extended itself on an
anti-Communist and anti-Semitic program. He stayed as head of the government until
1932, implementing several reforms including cutting of government employees'
salaries by more than 10 percent.
The Argentine Fascist
Party lasted from 1932 until 1936, when it was succeeded by the National Fascist Union which was active
until 1939. It was based upon Italian
Fascism. In August 1936, UNF leader Catholic
Thomist Nimio de Anquín attempted to force students at law school in Cordoba to
pledge a statement of support for the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. Police responded with a crackdown against
Argentine nationalists. Anquin denounced
the bourgeoisie for complicity and cowardice and claimed that "communism,
Judaism, and degenerate Radicalism" were responsible for causing the
murders. Anquin called for the mourners
to swear "by God, honor, and the Fatherland, to return the homicidal
bullet".
Fellow Thomist Julio Meinvielle was also active in support
of fascism and distilled much of the anti-Semitism of Nazism as well. He became the theological force behind the
militant Tacuara Nationalist Movement which
began in the 1960s, which, after having violently opposed Peronism, later
integrated Juan Perón's right-wing “Special Formations”. Tacuara defended nationalist, Catholic,
anti-communist, antisemitic and ideas, and had as its first model the Spaniard
Primo de Rivera's fascist Falange.
Nimio de Anquín (1896 — 1979) was an Argentine Thomist writer and
fascist politician. With his studies in
Argentina completed he travelled to Germany to study philosophy under Ernst
Cassirer. Whilst in Europe he developed
his interest in politics and became a follower of the ideas of Charles Maurras.
Soon de Anquín sought to develop his own
political ideas by seeking to combine Thomism with Hegelianism, leading him to
call for a national syndicalist state.
Father Julio Meinvielle (1905-1973) was an
Argentine priest and prolific antisemitic writer. Meinvielle studied for his Doctorate in Philosophy
and Theology in Rome and soon afterwards became a prolific writer of religious,
historical and economic books within the school of Thomism. He came to see history as a process of decline
in Catholic values, as determined by three events that he saw as catastrophic
i.e. the work of Martin Luther, the French Revolution and the October
Revolution. He was a critic of
capitalism and Marxism and he sought to draw parallels between the two by
arguing that materialism was the basis for both. Instead he sought an economic system based on
Roman Catholicism in which consumption regulated production and in which wealth
creation was fine as long as the wealth was re-invested. In common with Rodolfo Irazusta he was a stern
critic of usury and he blamed this practice on the Jews, citing Werner
Sombart. He further contended that
Judaism had the destruction of Christianity as its basis and therefore argued
that whatever ills befell the Christian world were inherently the fault of the
Jews. As part of this critique he
repeated the blood libel as well as suggesting that capitalism and communism
were both Jewish constructs as part of their plan for world domination. To this end he applauded the rise of fascism,
for which he saw a Christian mission. His
1936 book El Judio distilled these views and gave his thinking an Argentine
dimension as he argued Buenos Aires was the archetype of 'Babylon', dominated
as he felt it was by international Jewish financial interests.
Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro (10/2, 1907 –
6/7, 2001) was a politician and president of
Bolivia. He ran for president 8
times (1947, 1951, 1960, 1964, 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1985), winning in 1951,
1960, 1964, and 1985.
José David Toro Ruilova (6/24, 1898 – 7/25, 1977) was a colonel in
the Bolivian army and member of the High Command during the Chaco War
(1932-35). Of controversial
participation in the conflict (he was one of the leaders of the coup that
deposed President Salamanca in November, 1934), he became de facto President of
the Republic in May 1936 as a result of a military uprising headed by his
friend and comrade, Major Germán Busch. In March 1937, the Toro government
nationalized all Standard Oil holdings in Bolivia to the rejoicing of much of
the population. This nationalization would prove to be the first step toward
the statism that would characterize Bolivian politics in subsequent decades. Coincidentally, the 1930s had witnessed a
number of Communist, Stalinist, Trotskyst, anarchist, and reformist parties. Toro unveiled a Worker's Law, spelling a wider
set of rights for working men and women.
In the end, Toro was caught between the cross currents of reformers from
the left, and the interests of a mining magnatate.
Germán Busch Becerra (3/23, 1904 – 8/23, 1939) was a former Bolivian military officer, hero of the
Chaco War (1932–35, in which Bolivia was defeated by Paraguay), and president
of Bolivia between 1937 and 1939. As a
Major, he took part, and carried the bulk of the action, in the coup d'état
that overthrew of the Constitutional President in November 1934. In 1938, he even managed to be proclaimed
Constitutional President by the Assembly. He also made various attempts to restore the
nearly collapsed Bolivian economy. Because
historically, the Bolivian army contained some German advisers and
German-trained soldiers, Busch (of part-German ancestry himself) was suspected
to have Nazi tendencies. The only known relationship between Busch and
the Nazi leaders was a car (a black Mercedes-Benz Cabriolet 770K Series II -
W150) sent to him as a present by Adolf Hitler at the beginning of 1939, that
Busch never used. Unable to control events the way he would
have liked, President Busch committed suicide on August 23, 1939. Busch is still regarded as a Bolivian hero,
and as a well-meaning if erratic proponent of the changes that would later be
carried out in the 1952 National Revolution.
Colonel Alberto Natusch, a later ruler of Bolivia, was the nephew of
Germán Busch.
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement is a Bolivian
political party founded in 1941 by Víctor
Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo. It eventually attracted some of the brightest
members of the Bolivian intelligentsia. Among
the party's most prominent supporters one can name (in addition to Paz and
Siles) historical figures such as Humberto Guzmán Fricke, Juan Lechín, Walter
Guevara Arze, Lydia Gueiler, Augusto Céspedes, Guillermo Bedregal, and Gonzalo
Sánchez de Lozada, a number of whom became presidents of Bolivia. At the time, it was a leftist/reformist party,
along the lines of similar Latin American parties such as the Dominican
Revolutionary Party, Democratic Action of Venezuela, and the Peruvian Aprista
Party. The MNR first came to power in
1943, in support of the reformist military regime of Gualberto Villarroel. It was at the time tainted, however, by the
alleged pro-fascist sympathies of various of its leaders, and the United States
(then at war with the Axis) insisted that its members be removed from the
Villarroel government in exchange for official recognition.
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement led a far-reaching
revolution in 1952 and ruled the country, in its first incarnation, until being
overthrown by a 1964 military coup. It
established the universal vote, nationalizing the tin mines, and instituting an
extensive program of land distribution (agrarian reform). During this time, many of the old elitist
parties that had previously dominated Bolivian politics either disappeared or
faded into irrelevance. This left the
MNR in the center of the Bolivian political spectrum. Currently the Revolutionary Nationalist
Movement is led by Guillermo Bedregal Gutiérrez.
Gualberto Villarroel López (12/15, 1908 – 7/21, 1946) was the head of state of Bolivia from 12/20,
1943 to 7/21, 1946. A reformist,
sometimes compared with Argentina's Juan Domingo Perón, he is nonetheless
remembered for his alleged fascist sympathies. Villarroel enacted a number of far-reaching
reforms, including official recognition of worker unions and the right to
retire voluntary with a pension. He also followed Busch's lead in calling a
National Assembly, instituting Constitutional reforms, and having himself
proclaimed Constitutional President by Congress (August, 1944). Washington was reluctant to recognize him as
President due to the pro-Axis stance of the 1936-39 military regimes that inspired
the Villarroel government. Villarroel,
El Presidente Colgado ("The Hanged President") has since been revered
by the majority of the Bolivian population as a martyr and hero whose time had
not yet come when he met his violent death.
The governments of David
Toro and Germán Busch were
vaguely committed to corporatism, ultra-nationalism and national syndicalism
but they suffered from a lack of coherence in their ideas. The ideas were taken up by the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
(MNR), which was open about its ideological debt to fascism and which joined
the military in a pro-Axis powers government under Gualberto Villarroel in 1943. After the war the MNR largely turned away from
its fascist roots.
Óscar Únzaga de la
Vega (4/19, 1916 – 4/19, 1959) was a Bolivian
political figure and rebel. He
founded the Bolivian Socialist Falange
movement in 1937, and ran for President in the 1956 elections, when his
party became the main opposition movement to the Revolutionary National Movement (MNR). Unzaga, originally an educator, was
assassinated in 1959, ostensibly as he planned to enlist military help in an
attempt to dislodge the MNR from power. He
is revered as a hero/martyr by some factions of the well-to-do Bolivian
political elites.
The Bolivian
Socialist Falange was a Bolivian political party established in the year
1937. Drawing inspiration from fascism,
it was the country's second-largest party between approximately 1954 and 1974. In the early years it espoused a Fascist
agenda. It advocated major
transformations to the existing (largely oligarchic) social and political
order. Ideologically, the party's stance
evolved from an adherence to Spanish falangism to a more moderate form of
statism. In the 1950s, the Falange
adopted a strong anti-communist stance, with its leaders being particularly
critical of Cuba's Fidel Castro following his emergence. Alongside this, however, FSB portrayed itself
as being nationalist and anti-imperialist.
From an initially more oppositional stance Óscar Únzaga's Bolivian Socialist Falange was an important
group in the 1930s that initially sought to use the ideas of José Antonio Primo
de Rivera in Bolivia but, like the MNR, over time it de-emphasised its links to
fascism.
Plínio Salgado (1/22, 1895 – 12/8,
1975) was a Brazilian politician,
writer, journalist, and theologian. He
founded and led the Brazilian Integralist Action, a political party
inspired on the Italian Fascist movement.
In 1930, during a trip to Europe, he had become impressed with
Mussolini's movement. Salgado adapted
virtually all Fascist symbolism – although publicly rejecting racism – such as
a paramilitary organization with green-shirted uniformed ranks. The Roman salute was accompanied by the
screaming of "you are my brother". While Salgado was not an anti-semite, many of
the party members adopted anti-semitic views.
The Integralist Action drew its support from lower middle class Italian
immigrants, a large part of the Portuguese community, lower middle class
Brazilians, and military officers, especially in the Navy. As the party grew, Vargas turned to
Integralism as his only mobilized base of support on the right-wing, which was
elated by his Fascist-style crackdown against the Brazilian left. In 1934, Salgado's movement targeted the
Communist Party – then under the leadership of Luiz Carlos Prestes, as an
underground party – mobilizing a conservative support base mass to engage in
street brawls and urban terrorism. Initially
a supporter of the dictatorship led by Getúlio Vargas, he was later persecuted
and exiled in Portugal for promoting uprisings against the government. After his return, he launched the Party of
Popular Representation, and was elected in the Chamber of Deputies in 1958, re-elected
in 1962. After the 1964 coup d'état,
which led to the extinction of political parties, he joined the National
Renewal Alliance Party, obtaining two terms in the Chamber of Deputies. He retired from politics in 1974, just a year
before his death. After 1922 several
Brazilian groups espoused fascism. At
its peak the group Brazilian Integralism claimed as many as 200,000 members until
a crackdown in 1937.
Juan Antonio Ríos
Morales (11/10, 1888 – 6/27, 1946) was a Chilean
political figure, and President of Chile from 1942 to 1946.
National Socialist Movement of Chile was a political movement
during the Presidential Republic Era, which initially supported the ideas of
Adolf Hitler, although it later moved towards a more indigenous form of
fascism. It was formed in April 1932 by
General Diaz Valderrama, Carlos Keller (the main ideologue of the group) and
Jorge González von Marées, who became leader. The party initially followed the ideas of
Nazism closely, stressing anti-Semitism. It received financial support from the German
population of Chile and soon built up a membership of 20,000 people. The movement stressed what it saw as the need
for one party rule, corporatism and solidarity between classes, and soon set up
its own paramilitary wing, the Nazis Assault Troops. However support for Hitler was later
abandoned, with González von Marées claiming by the late 1930s that the use of
the name 'national socialist' had been an error on his part. Anti-semitism was also scaled back, with a
more domestic form of fascism being offered instead. Individual members (most notably, Miguel
Serrano) continued to look to Adolf Hitler.
In 1938 it merged with the (Socialist Union) to create the Popular
Liberation Alliance (APL). In 1939, some
members of the APL created an off-shoot, the fascist Popular Socialist Vanguard,
which failed to have any impact, and it was disbanded in 1941 whilst González
von Marées was interned. The APL merged
in 1945 with the Agrarian Party to form the Agrarian Labor Party (PAL). Jorge
Prat publishing a weekly, Estanquero, between 1949 and 1954, and served as
a cabinet minister in Carlos Ibáñez del Campo's government and attempted to run
for President of Chile in 1964. During
the Popular unity government (1970–1973) there was an attempt to reunify
scattered National Socialists forces under a new organization. They formed the National Revolutionary
Vanguard. Their leader was retired
General Canales. They helped
Pinochet. In 1940 some ex-members
founded the corporatist Nationalist Movement of Chile and members of this latter
group were instrumental in the foundation of Fatherland and Liberty in
1970. The regime of Augusto Pinochet
that ruled from 1974 to 1990, was helped by Fatherland and Liberty.
Carlos Keller Rueff
(1/3, 1898–2/28, 1974) was a Chilean writer, historian, and political figure. Keller was born into a family of German
origin and completed his education at universities in Germany. His first book, Spengler and the political situation of the Cultural Iberian-American
(1927) argued for a strong hierarchical basis to Latin American politics in
order to preserve Spanish identity. He served as chairman of German-Chilean
League and in this role had helped to introduce Spengler's thoughts to a
Chilean audience. Such was Keller's
reputation that when the Ibero-Amerikanische Institut was set up in Berlin in
1930 he was considered as a possible chairman of this prestigious academic
body. His 1931 book The Eternal Chilean Crisis argued that Chile failed to fully adopt
Western ways and instead just crudely imitated them. Keller soon met Jorge González von Marées and launched the National Socialist Movement of Chile with him. Keller was not a strict follower of
German-style Nazism but instead he saw Chilean nacismo as seeking to do away with
the corruption in democracy. He looked
to the example of Diego Portales as
a strong modernizing dictator and sought to develop Chilean economic
independence through the growth of a middle class. When the Nacis attempted a coup in 1938
Keller was arrested for a short time.
Jorge González von
Marées (4/5, 1900 – 3/14, 1962) El Jefe (Führer) was a Chilean political
figure and author. He was influenced by
Oswald Spengler. On April 5, 1932 he
founded the National Socialist Movement
of Chile to oppose Democratism, Americanism, and Communism. González von Marées organized a failed coup
attempt on September 5, 1938, in which 58 young nacista members were shot to
death by police, in what became known as the Seguro Obrero massacre. He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment, but
subsequently pardoned by President Aguirre.
In Colombia the
New Century daily newspaper was founded on February 1, 1936 by conservative Laureano Gómez and José de la Vega in Bogotá. In 1953, after the military coup that
overthrew then President Laureano Gomez, the new president, General Gustavo
Rojas Pinilla, ordered its closure. It began again in 1957.
Laureano Eleuterio Gómez Castro (2/20, 1889 – 7/13, 1965) was an
engineer and politician. He was president
of Colombia from 1950 to ~1953. He
grew up under the influence of the Society of Jesus. In 1930, President Enrique Olaya Herrera
appointed him minister plenipotentiary in Germany, where he observed the
gradual rise of Hitler. During these
years Gomez came to the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism, inciting his followers
to stone shops of immigrant Jews. Gomez
repressed the Communist Party of Colombia.
Gomez promoted a National Constituent Assembly, through which wanted to
adopt a system similar to the model of corporate Spain under Franco.
The Ecuadorian
Nationalist Revolutionary Action, founded in 1942, was a highly nationalistic,
anticommunist and quasi-fascist group.
Marshal José Félix
Estigarribia Insaurralde (2/21, 1888– 9/7, 1940) was a decorated Paraguayan war hero and President of
Paraguay for the Liberal party. Estigarribia
was elected President for a four-year term on 8/15, 1939. On 2/19, 1940, he dissolved the legislature
and suspended the Constitution. On 9/7, 1940, his plane crashed. He was succeeded by Higinio Morínigo and Estigarribia’s
constitution would remain in effect until 1967.
Rafael Franco Ojeda (1896–1973) was President of Paraguay from 2/17, 1936 to 8/13, 1937. He was a member of the Febrerista movement. The Febrerista movement, active during
the 1930s, demonstrated some support for fascism by seeking revolutionary
change, endorsing strong nationalism and seeking to introduce corporatism. He was accused of trying to unseat General
Alfredo Stroessner in November 1956, but he adamantly denied this. He returned to Paraguay in 1957 and until his
death in 1973 he was the leader of the Partido Febrerista. It was said that not much happened during his
term, but these are some achievements: Fixed working day to 8 hours; Sunday
rest; wage for holiday; Agrarian Reform; national heritage ruins and colonial
art, the reservoir and archaeological objects.; rights for workers and
families; updated Magna Carta; established National Pantheon of Heroes; Pension
to veterans; Entrego land to poor peasants; labor rights for women. Created:
Ministry of Public Health; Ministry of Agriculture; National Association of
Indigenous; National Labor Department; National Central of Workers (CNT);
Commission of Labor; Bank of the Republic of Paraguay; hospitals; First
Civilian Airport; Hundreds of Schools and Colleges, etc. The Febreristas have since regrouped in 1951 as
the Revolutionary Febrerista Party,
a socialist party with no connection to fascism and a full member of the
Socialist International. The party was legalized in 1964 as it was no
longer deemed to be a threat to President Alfredo Stroessner. For the 1993 elections it was part of the
National Encounter Party coalition, which finished third. For the 2008
elections the party was part of the Patriotic Alliance for Change.
In Peru, the American
Popular Revolutionary Alliance was originally founded by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre on 5/7,
1924. APRA initially espoused
anti-imperialism, Pan-Americanism, international solidarity and economic
nationalism. The party moved to the
right by Haya de la Torre in the 1950s, in exchange for attaining legal status
for the party.
Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (2/22, 1895 –
8/2, 1979) was a Peruvian political
leader who founded the (APRA) political movement. He was considered the most important Peruvian
intellectual of 20th century in his country.
Haya de la Torre advocated a system of Latin American (or, to use his
preferred term, Indo-American) solutions to Latin American problems. He called upon the region to reject both U.S.
imperialism and Soviet communism. He
favored universal democracy, equal rights and respect for indigenous
populations, and socialist economic policies such as agrarian reform, based on
the concept of communal land ownership, and state control of industry. Haya de la Torre advocated the overthrow of
the land-owning oligarchies that had ruled Peru since colonial days, replacing
them with an idealistic socialist elite. However, in exchange for attaining legal
status for the party, he made opportunistic ideological swings to the right,
and by the 1950s it had jettisoned most of its progressive, socialist ideals.
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (8/12, 1889– 4/30, 1933) was a
high-ranking Peruvian army officer and President of Peru from 1931 to 1933. On August 22, 1930, as a lieutenant-colonel,
he overturned the eleven-year dictatorship of Augusto B. Leguía after a coup
d'état.
Raúl Ferrero Rebagliati (9/20, 1911 – 4/22, 1977) was a Peruvian
politician. He was an early member of
the Unión Revolucionaria which had
initially been founded by Luis Miguel
Sánchez Cerro in 1931 as the state party of his dictatorship. Following Cerro’s 1933 assassination, the group
set up a Blackshirt movement in imitation of the Italian model. A heavy defeat in the 1936 elections shook
confidence however and the movement faded.
From 1967 to 1968 he was Prime Minister of Peru for the Christian
Democrat Party and later served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. After 1936, the Peruvian Fascist Brotherhood was formed by ex-Prime Minister José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma but then
faded after Peru entered on the side of the Allies.
Uruguay had a ban
on the Nazi Party within the country's German community.
Arnold Margerie formed
the Nazi Party Regional Group of Venezuela
which was behind a number of cultural front groups for the Germans.
In Mexico, The National Synarchist Union was founded
in 1937 by José Antonio Urquiza. The
group demonstrated some of the palingenetic ultranationalism at the core of
fascism as it sought a rebirth of society away from the communism, liberalism,
secularism and Americanism that it saw as dominating Mexico. It was very Roman Catholic in nature. The UNS was firmly pro-Axis powers during WW
II and increased in this direction. In
1951, the Synarchist leader Juan Ignacio
Padilla converted the movement to an "apolitical" one promoting
conservative Catholic social doctrine, promoted through co-operatives, credit
unions and Catholic trade unions.
Tomás Garrido Canabal (9/20, 1891— 4/8, 1943), was a Mexican politician and revolutionary. Garrido Canabal served as governor of the
state of Tabasco from 1920 to 1924 and again from 1931 to 1934, and was
particularly noted for his anti-Catholic persecution. During his term he
virtually destroyed the Church in his state, banning every priest from openly
serving. He supported Calles's war against the Cristeros. His "Red Shirts" were not fascist,
but communist. He called himself a
Marxist Bolshevik. The anthem of his Redshirts
was the Internationale. His children
were named Lenin and Zoila Libertad. He
even had a farm with a bull named God, an ox and a hog named Pope, a cow named
after Mary, and a donkey named Christ. In Tabasco, satirical plays were also organized,
with for instance "the parading of a stud bull called 'the bishop' or an
ass labeled 'the pope.'”
Nicolás Rodríguez
Carrasco (1890 – 1940) was a Mexican general and fascist. During the Mexican Revolution Rodríguez
fought alongside Pancho Villa. He
managed to become brigadier general but deserted in 1918. After the revolution he moved to the right and
joined several racist, antisemitic and antisinist organizations. In 1929 he supported the presidential campaign
of José Vasconcelos. After a rigged election and Vasconcelos fleeing, Rodríguez
stayed and befriended Calles, strongman of Mexico. Under protection of Calles, he founded the
green shirts, which were disbanded by president Rodríguez in 1932. In 1933, he founded the Gold shirts, which
opposed the new president Lázaro Cárdenas and his reforms, and demanded the
immediate expulsion of all Jews and Chinese. After Calles' deportation in 1936 Rodríguez was
also deported. Rodríguez moved to Texas joined by many of his gold shirts, and
sought cooperation with American fascists like the Silver shirts of William
Dudley Pelley.
A Spanish Traditionalist Falange was formed in Mexico by
Spanish merchants who opposed the support given to the Communists in the
Spanish Civil War by Pres. Cárdenas. The group neither sought nor had influence
outside this immigrant population, however.
A Mexican National
Socialist Party was also active, with most of its 15,000 members being of
German background.
Central America:
Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid (8/15, 1901 – 8/10, 1988) was a Panamanian politician, doctor, writer
and president of Panama on three occasions: 1940–41, 1949–51, and for two weeks
in October 1968. Arias was a strong
admirer of Italian fascism. He is known
as the president who never ended his terms of office, because of the military
coups against him. In 1925, he led the nationalist
Patriotic Communal Action. This
organization tapped into a building current of discontent in Panama against the
considerable influence the US exerted on the country. Panama had been, for all intents and
purposes, a U.S. protectorate since gaining independence in 1903. In 1984, the 83-year old Arias ran once more
for president. When exit polls showed
Arias with a landslide lead, the government, now controlled by Manuel Noriega,
halted the count. It brazenly
manipulated the results and declared that its candidate, Nicolás Ardito
Barletta, had won by only 1,713 votes. Arias fled once again to Florida.
In Costa Rica, fascism was active amongst German immigrants.
Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina of the
Dominican Republic (see 1961).
In El Salvador, the government cracked down on fascism.
Guatemala outlawed the Nazi Party and Hitler Youth in May
1939.
Anastasio Somoza García of Nicaragua (see 1956)
In Nicaragua Falangism flourished in the 1930s.
In Cuba Falangist movements were active under Antonio
Avendaño and Alfonso Serrano Vilariño from 1936 to 1940. A Cuban Nazi party was banned in 1941.
In Puerto Rico, Falangist groups have been active in Puerto
Rico, especially during World War II, which the FBI spied upon.
In Jamaica during the 1930s, Marcus Garvey (see 1922) with an
early admiration for Mussolini had much influence.
Canadian National
Socialist Unity Party was a Canadian political party formed by Adrien Arcand in February 1934. The
party identified with anti-semitism, and German National Socialism. In October 1934, the party merged with the
Canadian Nationalist Party. By the mid
1930s, the party had some success, with a few thousand members mainly
concentrated in Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta. In June 1938, it merged with Nazi and other
racist clubs in Ontario and Quebec, many of which were known as Swastika clubs,
to form the National Unity Party. The
group was known colloquially as the "Blue Shirts", and commonly
fought with immigrants, Canadian minorities and leftist groups. On May 30, 1940, the party was banned and
Arcand and many of his followers were arrested and detained for the duration of
the war. Arcand came in second again
with 39 per cent of the vote in the 1953 federal election. The party's last public act was a rally held
on 11/14, 1965.
Even more Israeli Fascists: (but
not Palestine for the Israelis, how about Madagascar?)
Abba Ahimeir (11/2, 1897 – 6/6, 1962) was a Russian-born Jewish journalist, historian and political activist. One of the ideologues of Revisionist Zionism,
he was the founder of the Revisionist Maximalist faction in 1930 of the Zionist
Revisionist Movement (ZRM) and of the clandestine Brit HaBirionim. Achimeir was a self-described fascist who
wrote a series of articles in 1928 titled "From the Diary of a
Fascist". Achimeir rejected
humanism, liberalism, and socialism; condemned liberal Zionists for only
working for middle-class Jews; and stated the need for an integralist,
"pure nationalism" similar to that in Italy under Mussolini. Achemeir refused to be part of reformist
Zionist coalitions and insisted that he would only support revolutionary
Zionists who were willing to utilize violence. Anti-Jewish violence in 1929 in the British
Mandate of Palestine resulted in a rise in support for Revisionist Maximalists
and leading Achimeir to decry British rule, claiming that the English people
were declining while the Jewish people were ready to flourish, saying: “We
fought the Egyptian Pharoah, the Roman emperors, the Spanish Inquisition, the
Russian tsars. They 'defeated' us. But where are they today? Can we not cope
with a few despicable muftis or sheiks?...For us, the forefathers, the
prophets, the zealots were not mythological concepts..." Abba
Achimeir. In spite of the Revisionist
Maximalists' opposition to the anti-Semitism of the Nazi Party, Achemeir was
initially controversially supportive of the Nazi Party in early 1933, believing
that the Nazis' rise to power was positive because it recognized that previous
attempts by Germany to assimilate Jews had finally been proven to be a failure.
In March 1933, Achemeir wrote about the
Nazi party, stating that: "The anti-Semitic wrapping should be discarded
but not its anti-Marxist core...". Achemeir personally believed that the
Nazis' anti-Semitism was just a nationalist ploy that did not have substance. After
Achemeir supported the Nazis, other Zionists within the ZRM quickly condemned
Achemeir and the Revisionist Maximalists for their support of Hitler. Achemeir,
in response to the outrage, in May 1933 reversed their position and opposed
Nazi Germany and began to burn down German consolates and tear down
Germany's flag. However in 1933,
Revisionist Maximalist' support quickly deteriorated and fell apart, they would
not be reorganized until 1938, after Achemeir was replaced by a new
leader.
And there were many, many more Third World leaders
supporting the Axis. There were also
many more leaders who were also too intimidated by the American Yankees and the
Imperial Western nations to support the Axis.
(Of course not all of these were
righteous leaders.)
All of these leaders saw themselves as nationalists. Asia for the Asians. Africa for the Africans (this was Qaddafi’s
dream), etc.
Why were the
European Nationalists branded as Traitors, when all they were doing were being
Nationalists and saying Europe for the Europeans?
In the first week of May 1942 the All-India Congress voted
176-4 to meet the threatened Japanese invasion with passive resistance.
Every victory of National Socialist Germany was celebrated
with rejoicing and enthusiasm throughout the Arab world, throughout the Indian
subcontinent, in Turkestan and Soviet Asia in Iran, in Latin America and in a
thousand places where oppressed peoples looked to the Third Reich and her
allies as their deliverers from colonial bondage and Bolshevik terror. Many thousands were not content to merely
extend moral support and actually joined the National Socialist armed forces in
regular and special units, carrying out missions and feats of great
bravery. Indians, Arabs, Berbers,
Tartars, Cossacks and others fought and died beside their European comrades for
the freedom of their countries and the New Order.
"Moroccans, Berbers, Arabs, Negroes, &c., have all
fallen victim to a foreign might, the swords of which, however, were not
inscribed 'Made in Germany', but 'Made by the Democracies'." - Hitler's
Reply to Roosevelt, Reichstag 28th April 1939
Often the methods of intimidation against the Third World
involved the assassination of patriotic leaders and armed invasion (as in Iraq)
or mass arrests (as in India). Yet, many
supported Germany. Listed here are some
of the Third World national figures who resisted the attempts to involve their
countries in the communist-capitalist crusade against National Socialist
Germany. The list is by no means
exhaustive and it should be remembered that for every Third World leader who
fought and died many thousands of unnamed pro-National Socialists in the Third
World fought and died for Germany throughout the Third World.:
India - Subhas Chandra Bose, Mahatma Gandhi; Iran - Rubollah
Khomeini; Turkey - Ismet Inonu, President; Iraq - Rashid Ali, Premier;
Palestine - Haj min al-Hussaini, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem; Argentina - Juan
Peron, Vice President; Chile - Juan Rios, President; Egypt - Abdul Nasser; Syria - Shukri el-Kuwatli; Bolivia - Victor Paz Estensoro; Lebanon -
Khahil el-Khuri, President; Afghanistan - Hasim Khan, Prime Minister
After the war, many Third World countries gave shelter and
asylum to European patriots escaping from the kangaroo courts of their occupied
homelands.
Japanese
Asian Indians
Chinese
Koreans
Georgians and Azerbaijanis
Chechen
Turks
Bosnian Muslims
Africans
African Muslims
Which Nationality? Looks like women too.
And of course the many Europeans (more French fought for
Germany than against her):
French
French
Axis Collaborationist Forces
include Albania, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Serbia, Slovenia for cooperation
with the Axis Economic Bloc.
Participating nations:
Axis: Germany ; Japan
; Italy ; Hungary ; Romania ; Bulgaria ;
Co-Axis: San Marino ; Finland ; Iraq ; Thailand ;
Non-Axis: Yugoslavia
Japanese ‘cooperating’ states: Manchukuo (Manchuria) ;
Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) ; Wang
Jingwei Government ; Burma (Ba Maw regime) ; Philippines (Second Republic) ;
India (Provisional Government of Free India) ; Vietnam (Empire of Vietnam) ;
Cambodia; Laos
Italian ‘cooperating’ states: Montenegro
German ‘cooperating’ states: Slovakia (Tiso regime) ; Serbia
(Nedić regime) ; Italy (Salò regime) ;
Albania (under German control) ; Hungary (Szálasi regime) ; Vardar
Macedonia
Joint German-Italian
‘cooperating’ states: Independent State of Croatia ; Greece ; Pindus and
Macedonia ;
Axis collaborator states: France (Vichy regime). Controversial cases: Denmark ; Soviet Union ;
Spain ; Sweden
77 High-ranking Wehrmacht
officers of Jewish blood including 15 generals and Ernst Bloch who served ten
years in prison after Nuremburg; altogether 150,000 Jewish soldiers.
(Figures may not be totally accurate, but close)
Imperial Allies: Britain:
5% Brits enslaving population of about 458 million people, one-quarter of the
world's population and having policies such as forcing opium on 472,000,000
Chinese. Britain conquered and enslaved
nations with horrendous atrocities.
Britain had ethnically cleansed 30 million Indians. : 13. million sq
miles(1920). (33.7 m km2). Population
~47 million (1940)
Russia: Second largest Empire enslaving countless Euro-Asian
nations. : 8.1 million sq miles (1928) (21.1 m km2). Population ~170 million(1940). Under Soviet control, millions killed.
France: Third largest Empire enslaving nations from Algeria
to Indo-China. From 1905-1960. : 4.75
million sq miles (1905-1960) (12.3 m km2).
Population ~40 million (1940).
US acted like Empire through countless interventions and
taking some nations. Today US has
military in nearly every nation. : 3.78 million mi² (1899)(9.8 m km2). Population 132 million (1940)
Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, etc also had overseas colonies
and concessions. The above figures may
not include some protectorates or forced-open imperialism like Chinese ports.
Because of these Colonies, during the War up to 30% (?) Of
French soldiers were conscripted black colonials, % of British were conscripted
black colonials and Asia colonials.
There were only a very few blacks in Germany proper, but a few
volunteered for Germany.
Germany, Japan, and Italy were all considered young, growing
have-not nations. This is why so much of
the Third World joined them in this endeavor.
A sample question to be asked is why should Britain rather than Japan
acquire Australia? This paper does not
delve into Italian or Japanese claims or actions. Yet these nations were simply trying to find
other outlets for their population and economic growth. China was controlled by many warlords and the
threat of Communism. Japan promoted the
Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere and tried to halt Communism in China. When speaking of ‘atrocities’, it’s hard to
say that any of the Axis countries had harsher control than the Allies. For example, The Rape of Nanking does have an
alternate Japanese version.
Germany 181,000 sq mi(1925)(468,787 km2). Population 70
million (1940)
Japan 145,795 sq
miles. Population 73 million (1940)
Italy 116, 346 sq
miles (301,338 km2). Population ~40
million (1940)
The German nation in
spite of tremendous non-German support was fighting Empires amounting to 116
times its own national territory.
Axis Military Manpower
- 25,800,000 versus Allied Military Manpower - 58,100,000
It was Jewish-conquered
Imperialist/materialistic nations against nations which wanted to preserve
their integrity, traditions, and brotherhood.
Hitler is already asking for peace with Britain and France, he had no further
plans. He was willing to give up
Germany’s colonies that were taken from them in WWI. He was rejected by the Jewish Warmongers.
****German-led
Global Fight Against Communism:
Bolshevism without the Mask
Against Bolshevism and Money Overlords
Death of the Lie, Snake is Marxism and High
Finance
****Communist
Partisans:
French Resistance: From May 1940, when France’s collapse
occurred, until June 21, 1941 when Germany attacked the USSR, there was
practically no guerrilla activity in France.
The Resistance was primarily Communist and only begun when Stalin
commanded it. They primarily murdered
the French elite and set bombs in bars.
****Naturally there would be Jewish partisans as their
position in society was changing. Jewish
partisans were fighters in irregular military groups participating in the
Jewish resistance/guerilla movement against Nazi Germany and its collaborators
during World War II. A number of Jewish
partisan groups operated across Nazi-occupied Europe, some made up of a few escapees
from the Jewish ghettos or concentration camps, while others, such as Bielski
partisans, numbered in the hundreds and included women and children. They were most numerous in Eastern Europe,
but groups also existed in occupied France and Belgium, where they worked with
the local resistance. Many individual
Jewish fighters also took part in the other partisan movements in other
occupied countries. In all, the Jewish
partisans numbered between 20,000 and 30,000.
The partisans engaged in guerrilla warfare and sabotage
against the Nazi occupation, instigated ghetto uprisings and freed
prisoners. [This is why Germans had to
analyze the areas n which they controlled.
Partisans did not fight under military conventions and could hide easily
within communities. Their motivation was
not just self=preservation, but also anti-Gentile.] In Lithuania alone, they killed approximately
3,000 German soldiers. They sometimes
had contacts within the ghettos, camps, and Judenrats, and with other
resistance groups, with which they shared military intelligence. In Eastern Europe, many Jews joined the ranks
of the Soviet partisans: throughout the war, they faced antisemitism and
discrimination from the traditional Russians tired of Jewish Soviet control and
some Jewish partisans were killed, but over time, many of the Jewish partisan
groups were absorbed into the command structure of the much larger Soviet
partisan movement.
They typically lived in
underground dugouts and camps in the forests.
Nazi reprisals were military, as they employed collective punishment
against their supporters and the ghettos from which partisans had escaped. In some areas, partisans were supported by
local villagers, but due to widespread anti-Semitism, the Jewish partisans were
often on their own. While friendly
peasants provided food, in often food was stolen from shops, farms or raided
from caches meant for German soldiers.
As the war progressed, the Soviet government occasionally airdropped
ammunition, counterfeit money and food supplies to partisan groups known to be
friendly. German uniforms were highly
prized trophies: they were warm and served as disguises for future missions to
commit atrocities blamed on the Germans.
**** Axis
Spokesmen from Allied Nations:
Lord Haw-Haw was
the nickname of several announcers on the English-language radio program
“Germany Calling”, broadcast by German radio to English audiences. The program
started on 9/18 1939 until 4/30 1945.
The nickname generally refers to William
Joyce(4/24 1906 – 1/3 1946), but also applied to other broadcasters. The nickname was given by the Brits.
American pro-Nazi broadcaster Fred W. Kaltenbach (3/29, 1895 – c. 10/1945) was given the moniker
Lord Hee-Haw by the British media. Douglas Chandler (May 26, 1889, Chicago – 1976?) was an American
broadcaster of Nazi propaganda. Chandler
was an officer in the U.S. Navy in World War I.
A number of announcers could have been Lord Haw-Haw: Wolf
Mittler (1/1 1918-11/11 2002) was a
German journalist of Polish ancestry. Norman Baillie-Stewart (1/15 1909 – 6/7 1966) was a former officer of the
Seaforth Highlanders. Eduard Dietze, a Glasgow born
broadcaster. James R. Clark was a young English broadcaster and a friend of
William Joyce. William Joyce replaced Mittler in 1939. Joyce was a senior member of the British
Union of Fascists, and fled England when tipped off about his planned
internment on 8/26, 1939.
After Joyce took over, Mittler was paired with the
American-born announcer Mildred Gillars in the Axis Sally program. Mildred
Elizabeth Gillars (11/ 29, 1900
– 6/ 25, 1988), nicknamed "Axis Sally" along with Rita Zucca. Rita
Luisa Zucca (born 1912) was an
Italian-American radio announcer who broadcast Axis propaganda to Allied troops
in Italy and North Africa. Other British
subjects willingly made propaganda broadcasts, including Raymond David Hughes
and John Amery, while others, like P. G. Wodehouse, were tricked into doing
so. Raymond
Davies Hughes (8/11, 1923 – 4/4,
1999), from Mold, north Wales, was a Welsh RAF airman who made propaganda
broadcasts in Welsh for the Nazi Party.
Tokyo Rose (alternate spelling Tokio Rose) was a generic name given
by Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II to any of
approximately a dozen English-speaking female broadcasters of Japanese
propaganda. The name "Tokyo
Rose" is most strongly associated with Iva Toguri D'Aquino
(7/4, 1916 – 9/26, 2006). D'Aquino
broadcast as "Orphan Ann".
Others include the American Ruth
Hayakawa (who substituted for Iva on
weekends), Canadian June Suyama ("The Nightingale of Nanking"), who
also broadcast on Radio Tokyo, and Myrtle
Lipton ("Little Margie")
who broadcast from Japanese-controlled Radio Manila.
On July 26, 1943 Anderson along
with Fred W. Kaltenbach, Douglas Chandler, Edward Delaney, Constance Drexel,
Robert Henry Best, Max Otto Koischwitz and Ezra Pound was indicted in absentia
by a District of Columbia grand jury on charges of treason.
Robert Henry Best (4/16, 1896 – 12/16, 1952) was an American broadcaster for Germany. He was convicted of
treason in 1948 and sentenced to life imprisonment. He found work as a foreign correspondent for the United
Press. He also contributed articles to
the New York Times, Chicago Daily News, Time and Newsweek. Best gradually fell under Nazi influence
following the annexation of Austria by Germany.
When the US declared war on Germany on 12/11, 1941, Best was arrested
along with other U.S. reporters and held for deportation at an internment camp.
There he decided to withdraw from the
group of exchangeable Americans and remain with his fiancée Erna Maurer, an
Austrian reporter for the Associated Press, whom he later married on September
2, 1942. In April 1942, Best began as a
news editor and commentator for the German State Radio, working in the U.S.A.
Zone. He broadcast under the pseudonym
of ‘Mr. Guess Who’ presenting ‘B.B.B.’(Best’s Berlin Broadcasts). His primary propaganda targets were President
Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, the Jews and the Soviet Union. On July 26, 1943, Best along with Fred W.
Kaltenbach, Douglas Chandler, Edward Delaney, Constance Drexel, Jane Anderson,
Max Otto Koischwitz and Ezra Pound was indicted in absentia by a District of
Columbia grand jury on charges of treason.
On April 16, 1948, he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment
and a fine of $10,000.00.
Max Oscar Otto Koischwitz (2/19, 1902 – 8/31, 1944) was an American broadcaster for Germany. He taught German at Columbia University
and became a professor of German Literature. As the 1930s progressed he came to openly
support Hitler and Nazism. In the fall
of 1939 Koischwitz was required by Hunter College to take leave of absence
after putting anti-Semitic material into his lectures. By the spring of 1940 Koischwitz was working
as a program director in the U. S. A. Zone at the German State Radio. He spoke on literature, music, drama,
philosophy and geopolitics, his broadcasts being anti-Semitic, anti-British,
anti-Roosevelt and anti-communist in tone.
Koischwitz and Gillars became lovers. They began a joint series, the ‘Home Sweet
Home Hour’, aimed at the Allied forces in North Africa. Koischwitz also edited a magazine for
American POWs, ‘The Overseas Kid’, and in September 1943 he was made head of
the U. S. A. Zone. Koischwitz also wrote
and produced propaganda sketches and plays with Gillars in the lead.
Constance Drexel (11/28, 1894 (disputed) –
8/28, 1956), a groundbreaking feature writer for U.S. newspapers, was an American broadcaster for Germany. She had made a name for herself by
claiming, falsely, that she was an heiress of the famous Drexel family of
Philadelphia. The U.S. Department of
Justice eventually dismissed the treason charges against her because her
broadcasts were not deemed “political in nature.” She liked Hitler because she was impressed by
his support for other aspects of her “reform agenda”, including
a greater role for women, the eradication of a parasitic social elite,
welfare legislation for minors, and social hygiene regulatory laws. For a few months after WW II began, she wrote
more feature articles about life in Germany that appeared in the New York
Times. In 1940, she began broadcasting
on Nazi-controlled shortwave radio channels.
Drexel soon fell from grace among her new colleagues, and top Nazis
began avoiding her. Long after the war,
it was reported that she had committed a faux pas while attending a reception
for Nazi Party leaders. “On being introduced to a beautiful young German woman,
Drexel blurted: ‘oh, you are the girlfriend of Adolf Hitler!’”
Jane Anderson (1/6,
1888 – 5/5, 1972) was an American
broadcaster for Germany. She was
indicted on charges of treason in 1943 but after the war the charges were
dropped due to lack of evidence. Her
father was a close friend of showman Buffalo Bill. Her mother, Ellen Luckie Anderson was from a
wealthy and prominent Atlanta family. In
1922 she returned to Europe as a correspondent for the International News
Service and Hearst Newspapers. In
October 1934 she married a Spanish nobleman. Her experiences in Spain moved her political
allegiance to the far right. She came to
the attention of the German State Radio, who offered her a post in Berlin in
1940. Anderson began broadcasts from
Berlin on April 14, 1941 and after Pearl Harbor, she chose to stay. Until March 6, 1942 she broadcast for the
German State Radio's U.S.A. Zone, the Germans giving her the name ‘The Georgia
Peach’. Her radio program was broadcast
two or four times weekly and each broadcast began and ended with the slogan,
"Always remember progressive Americans eat Kellogg Corn Flakes and listen
to both sides of the story," while a band played "Scatterbrain".
In her programs she heaped praise on
Adolf Hitler and ran ‘exposés’ of the ‘communist domination’ of the Roosevelt
and Churchill governments. She specialized
in interviews, one being with her co-worker, the British traitor William Joyce. She was removed from her position as a
commentator when material in her March 6, 1942 broadcast was successfully used
by U.S. counter-propaganda. She then
appears to have been inactive until her return to her propaganda work in 1944
when she made a few broadcasts reporting the brutality of the Red Army on the
Eastern Front. On July 26, 1943 Anderson
along with Fred W. Kaltenbach, Douglas Chandler, Edward Delaney, Constance
Drexel, Robert Henry Best, Max Otto Koischwitz and Ezra Pound was indicted in
absentia by a District of Columbia grand jury on charges of treason. However, on 10/27, 1947, the United States
Department of Justice dropped all charges due to lack of evidence. A further factor was that Anderson had been a
Spanish citizen by marriage since 1934.
She died in Spain.
Douglas Chandler (5/26,
1889– 1975 or later) was an American
broadcaster for Germany. He was
convicted of treason in 1947 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Chandler was an officer in the U. S. Navy in
World War I and later worked as a newspaperman in Baltimore. He was ruined in the Wall Street Crash of
1929. He moved to Germany in 1931. There he worked as a journalist showing Nazi Germany
in an ideal light and contributing on this theme to the National Geographic
Magazine. From April 1941, Chandler
broadcast from Berlin for the, German State Radio. After Pearl Harbor, Chandler chose to stay in Germany. Chandler broadcast under the pseudonym
"Paul Revere". His programs
were mainly anti-Roosevelt and anti-Semitic in content. He appealed to Americans to 'throw off
tyranny' and to isolationist sentiment. He
also asserted that government in Washington was under the control of Jewish
advisers. Chandler became known as
America's Lord Haw-Haw due to his cultivated American voice. Though he had become a convinced Nazi, his
activities were not motivated by idealism alone. He was paid $3,200 a month as a broadcaster,
putting him in the top six on the RRG’s payroll. He made his last broadcasts sometime in
February 1945. On July 26, 1943 Chandler
along with Fred W. Kaltenbach, Jane Anderson, Edward Delaney, Constance Drexel,
Robert Henry Best, Max Otto Koischwitz and Ezra Pound had been indicted in
absentia by a District of Columbia grand jury on charges of treason. Chandler stood trial on June 6, 1947. He entered a defense of insanity due to
paranoia and did not testify at his trial. Chandler was found guilty of all ten counts of
treason. He was fined $10000 and
sentenced to life imprisonment. After 16
years’ imprisonment Chandler’s sentence was commuted by President John F
Kennedy on condition he immediately leave the US. He returned to Germany. Chandler was still alive in 1975 in the
Canary Islands. His precise date of
death is not known.
Edward Leo Delaney
(12/12, 1885 – 7/1, 1972) was an American
broadcaster for Germany. He was
indicted on charges of treason in 1943, but after the war the charges were
dropped due to lack of evidence. In
1937–1938 Delaney went to Germany to write, returning to the U.S. in early
1939. In December 1939 he left the U.S.
for Italy. Then through his contacts
from his involvement with the ultra-right and Coughlinite politics, he was
recruited by the German State Radio (RRG) to present a series of pro-German
broadcasts from an American perspective for its U.S.A. Zone. Using the pseudonym "E. D. Ward",
Delaney confined his broadcasts almost entirely to news that was favorable to
Germany and the Axis. He denounced the British class system. Delaney claimed never to have formally
promoted Nazi doctrine and he is not believed to have made any propaganda
broadcasts after U.S. entry into the war on 12/11, 1941. After his dismissal from the RRG, Delaney
appears to have drifted around Europe for two years. On July 26, 1943, Delaney, along with Fred W.
Kaltenbach, Douglas Chandler, Jane Anderson, Constance Drexel, Robert Henry
Best, Max Otto Koischwitz and Ezra Pound was indicted in absentia by a District
of Columbia grand jury on charges of treason.
Delaney was returned to the U.S. on 8/8, 1947, but the charges against
him were dropped due to lack of evidence.
Delaney spent a number of years touring the U.S. as an
ultra-conservative lecturer. His publications
include False Freedom 1950, Freedom's Frontier 1964, and Harvest of Deceit
1971. He published his autobiography,
Five Decades Before Dawn in 1969. He
died in an automobile accident in 1972.
Herbert John Burgman (4/17, 1894 – 12/16, 1953) was an American broadcaster for Germany. He
was convicted of treason in 1949 and sentenced to imprisonment for 6 to 20
years. He served with the U.S. Army from
1918 to 1920 and was posted to Germany and served in the American zone in the
Occupation of the Rhineland. In 1921 he
joined the State Department in Berlin. When WW II began, he chose to remain in
Germany. He had married a German
national in 1924 and by 1941 he was a committed Nazi sympathizer. Burgman broadcast for ‘Radio Debunk', the
‘Voice of All Free America’ under the pseudonym ‘Joe Scanlon’. He attempted to persuade American listeners in
his broadcasts that prostitution and sexually transmitted disease were
widespread in the U. S. Army stationed overseas and that Britain and the Soviet
Union were in collusion against the United States. He blamed Franklin D. Roosevelt and ‘his
Jewish and Communistic pals’ for the war.
Burgman was arrested in Frankfurt, in 1945. He was then held in detention along with
Mildred Gillars and Donald S. Day until 12/24, 1946. Burgman was rearrested on 11/22,
1948. On 4/1, 1949, Burgman was
arraigned on 69 counts of treason in DC. Burgman admitted broadcasting wartime
propaganda for the Germans, but his defense contended that he was insane when
doing so. He was convicted and sentenced
to 6 to 20 years.
1939 Hermann Esser (7/29, 1900 – 2/7, 1981) entered the Nazi
party with Adolf Hitler in 1920, became the editor of the Nazi paper,
Völkischer Beobachter, and a Nazi member of the Reichstag. In the early history of the party, he was
Hitler's de facto deputy. Esser, in 1939,
wrote “The Jewish World Plague”:
“They come as 'foreigners,' as 'beggars', slinking and groveling, with false
humility and dishonest respect. Once
they have swindled their way to something, they become thieves and
bloodsuckers.” “The Jew bewitches and
exploits the gullible, the ignorant, the trusting. He reserves for himself all
the advantages of Mammon and capitalism, wealth and treasures, all the joys and
pleasures of life. Yet for 3,000 years the Jew has complained about oppression
and persecution, about hatred and prejudice against him. But the Jewry has
gathered and swindled the world’s money.”
****Donald Satterlee Day (5/15, 1895– 10/1, 1966) was a reporter and a broadcaster for
the Germans of WWII. He was arrested and
investigated for treason after the war but no charges were brought due to lack
of evidence. From August 1921, as the
only U.S. reporter in the region, he reported on events in the Baltic States,
Finland, and the Soviet Union. His visa
for the Soviet Union was withdrawn when he refused to report on the Soviet
system in a consistently favorable light.
He was unable to comply when faced by the realities of Soviet tyranny
and the Communist subversion of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Denied direct access, he relied on reports
from refugees and correspondents he sent across the Soviet border. His experiences made him a committed
anti-Communist, which was reflected in his reports, especially those on the
forced collectivization of agriculture in the 1920s and the Soviet famine of
1932–1933. Unlike other Western
reporters such as Walter Duranty, Day’s uncompromising reports on the Soviet
Union were almost unique at the time. In
March 1939, Polish authorities barred Day from verifying reports of the
persecution of the country's ethnic German minority, as he was sympathetic to
the German position. Day was a war
correspondent in the Finnish-Soviet Winter War (1939-40). When the Soviets invaded Latvia in July 1940,
he was given 24 hours to leave the country.
He reported from Riga that the invasion was facilitated by the Russian
and Jewish minorities in the country:
"On June 17 there was a mob at the railway station, waving red rags
and screaming in hysterical joy about the arrival of the Russians. The Latvian language could not be heard. The speeches, the shouts, the screams were
all in Russian or Yiddish."
Following the annexation of the Baltic States by the USSR,
Day relocated to Sweden to continue reporting as the Tribune’s Stockholm
correspondent. In 1941, again as a war
correspondent, Day accompanied Finnish troops as they advanced into Soviet
territory in the Continuation War (1941–44); and, in September 1942, he quit
his post to join the Finnish Army. His
enlistment was rejected by the Finns due to U.S. political pressure. His passport had expired and had not been
renewed, so Day found himself technically a stateless person. As the Continuation War was drawing to a
close and convinced that the West had to be warned of Communist expansion into
Eastern Europe behind the advancing Red Army, he relocated in the summer of
1944 to Nazi Germany. There, he was
employed in Berlin as a commentator for the German State Radio.
Day began broadcasting from Berlin on August 31, 1944, to
American forces in Europe and continued until April 1945. He was convinced that the Third Reich was the
only bulwark of the West against Soviet tyranny. His broadcasts denounced President Franklin
D. Roosevelt and America's military-political alliance with the USSR, and he
blamed Jews for Soviet atheistic Communism.
Day was ideologically convinced of his actions: "I also feel that
in fighting the Jewish-Bolshevik regime of Russia that Germany is performing a
service for Western civilization which will be properly appreciated and
recognized in the future." However,
he was paid $3,000 a month (a year’s salary) as a broadcaster. Day was arrested in May 1945 and detained,
along with Mildred Gillars and Herbert John Burgman, by the Army
Counterintelligence Corps at Camp King, Oberursel, until he was conditionally
released on December 24, 1946. Day
returned to his wife and home in Bad Tolz, Bavaria. He was rearrested pending treason charges on
January 12, 1949; but the U.S. Department of Justice dropped the case soon
after. During the Berlin Blockade, there
was no interest in prosecuting Day for his mainly anti-Soviet broadcasts during
the war. The DOJ had noted in a
memorandum of January 22, 1947:
"His broadcasts consisted primarily of anti-Russian and
anti-Communist sentiments, although he sometimes suggested that the United
States should not have entered the war and that Germany’s cause against Russia
was just." On his release, Day
returned to Finland with his wife, whom he had married in Riga in 1940. He appears to have recommenced as the Tribune
Baltic correspondent in late 1962 and was still filing copy for that newspaper
until just before his death in Helsinki of a heart attack in 1966.
The American journalist Donald
Day (1896-1966) The Chicago Tribune's northern Europe correspondent from
1920-40, Day used his base in Riga, Latvia to report unflinchingly on the
realities of Soviet tyranny and Red subversion in the Baltic. Banned from entering the USSR, fired from the
Tribune at the instance of the U.S. State Department, Day threw in his lot with
the brave Finns and their German allies during their anti-Bolshevist crusade. “Onward
Christian Soldiers” bristles with Day's insights and reminiscences of
northern Europe -- Scandinavia, Germany, Poland, Danzig, Lithuania, and his
beloved Latvia, Estonia, and Finland in the years between the wars. With an introduction by legendary Tribune
correspondent Walter Trohan, Onward Christian Soldiers pulls no punches on the
Jewish role in Communism and on Britain and America's hypocrisy in posing as
defenders of Christian civilization.
“Unknown to the
Americans the Jews in the United States had collected huge funds to assist the
Jews of Eastern Europe to reach America...
I discovered that the two largest American-Jewish so-called relief
organizations were acting contrary to the law of the United States. They were not so much interested in relief
which was a screen for their illegal activity of actively supporting and
financing this mass emigration. They had
power and influence enough in Moscow to insert advertisements in the Soviet
press which carried the message: ‘Have you a long lost relative in the United
States? Would you not like to go to that
country of unlimited opportunities? Then
give us the last address you have of your relatives and we shall find them for
you and arrange for your passage and your visa.‘
“In the United States the Hebrew Immigrant's Aid Society
(HIAS) and the American Joint Distribution Committee (JOINT) collected many
millions of dollars, not only from Jews but also from Christian Societies and
individuals, ostensibly to aid Jewish war sufferers in Europe. Part of this money was used in actual relief
work but a large amount was placed in a revolving fund from which sums were
loaned to emigrants to pay their visas and travelling expenses to America. These loans were repayable over a term of
years with a low rate of interest...
They migrated to the United States in hundreds of thousands. And within the short space of 15 years, the
United States, like the Jewish controlled Union of Socialistic Soviet Republics,
has become an instrument of Jewish imperialistic ambitions.
“The JOINT expended tens of millions of dollars to finance
Jews starting in business in Eastern Europe after the world war. It assisted in
the organization of Jewish banks, cooperatives, factories and workshops. This
flood of American dollars, controlled and directed by the JOINT, resulted in
the Jews obtaining a throttle-hold on most branches of trade and industry in
Poland, Rumania, Lithuania, Latvia and in other countries. With this financial help the Jews obtained an
advantage over Christian war sufferers who did not receive such assistance from
abroad. They forged ahead in business,
trade and industry and between the years 1920 and 1933 the Jews achieved a
dominating economic position in Europe.
The activities of these two great international Jewish relief
organizations in promoting emigration from Europe to America was illegal
according to American law...
“These sloven, miserable Polish and other Eastern European
towns portray a poverty as black as the Jews beard. They do not recommend the Jew as a desirable
citizen for any country. Some of the
money these Jews acquire, and have acquired in past generations, disappears in
immigration. Young Jews have always attempted to avoid military service. Bribes and money was needed to enable them to
flee abroad...
“A day spent in such a town, whether it be in Eastern
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland or Rumania, develops a better understanding of the
Jews. Why he will engage in any dirty
business, pander to any vice, commit crimes, in fact, will do anything to keep
from returning to such a village and to such a life. A life of cheating and swindling the
peasants, dodging payments of taxes, bribing and corrupting his contemptible,
paltry way through a depraved and dirty life, a life ordered in this way by his
religion, a creed of hate and fear, a belief so hopeless that he is more afraid
of death than a believer in any Christian sect however perverted and fantastic
it may be. Perhaps I had better offer
some proof for the statement the Jews are afraid of death.
“During the world war, one of my sisters became a nurse in
the great King's County Hospital in New York City. One of her assignments there was to care for
a ward of one hundred beds which contained old people on the verge of
death. The average number of deaths was
six each day. My sister noticed that
whereas Christians faced death calmly and confidently, the Jews struggle
against it and passed from life choking and moaning with terror. She could not understand why the Jews are so
afraid to die. Later, when she became
better acquainted with their religion, she comprehended. I have also seen Jewish gangsters electrocuted
for murder. They do not die like
men. They have to be doped before they can
be dragged, stumbling with fear, to the little room containing the electric
chair...
“For a Jew to cohabit with a Christian girl is not adultery
in his code of morals; neither is it against his religion. In fact, a large
section of the Jews, if their behavior is considered, seem to consider this a
privilege and a duty. A Jewish wife
cannot divorce her husband, or even complain to the rabbi in case he lives with
a Christian woman or girl... Jews get
more prosperous and acquire Christian mistresses and so anti-Semitism
increases...
“The Jews are a nation of lawyers, and very clever
ones. In the welter of new laws and
regulations governing business in all countries they have an advantage over
their competitors, the Christian merchants.
This advantage is fundamental for the Christian is brought up to respect
the law while the Cheder teaches the Jew how to evade Christian laws... The Jew is a parasite who has no objection to
living on human weaknesses and failings, whenever and wherever he can.
“All American consuls have a small secret book (I have seen
them) containing the names and photos and records of known white-slavers and
dope traffickers. More than 98% of them
are Jews. No business is too depraved or
dirty for them to engage in. As a police
reporter in Chicago and New York I covered ‘red-lights’ districts and found
that vice was a Jewish Industry. It is
the same in Paris and Vienna today, and formerly the Jews ran the rotten vice
rackets in Berlin and other German cities just as they do in Poland...
“In Warsaw the tremendous number of applications for visas
from Jews and Poles compelled the American government to enlarge the consulate
staff to some sixty people. Almost all
were engaged in handling visa cases. The
reception room of the visa department had to be deloused every night. The daily
recurring spectacle of hordes of Jews clamoring for visas proved too much for
these Americans. Each Saturday
afternoon, immediately after the closing of the consulate they would gather in
a nearby restaurant and rave against this type of immigrant. They organized The Kill a Kike a Day Club and
The More and Better Program Society and after a few drinks to overcome their
depression, they would break forth into their battle song, which was ~ Onward
Christian Soldiers. ~ We sang this with
deep feeling in Warsaw against the Jews many years before Roosevelt and
Churchill sang it for the Jews on board the ill-fated Prince of Wales.
“Anti-Semitism is a contagious
ailment and its sufferers generally contact this incurable malady by contact
with the Jews themselves... There is no
fundamental difference between a Communist Jew, a Zionist Jew, an American,
British, Polish, Lithuanian or any other variety of Jew. They may quarrel furiously among themselves,
as they do, but when they turn to face the Christian there is the United
Front. -Donald Day – “Onward Christian Soldiers”.
****10 Commandments for the German Soldier: issued to every soldier.
1. The German soldier fights fairly to win victory for his
people. Acts of cruelty and unnecessary
destruction are unworthy of him.
2. The combatant must be in uniform or be identified by a
specially introduced, clearly visible emblem.
Fighting in civilian clothes without such a marking is forbidden.
3. No opponent who surrenders may be killed, not even
irregulars or spies. These will be suitably punished by the courts.
4. Prisoners of war may not be mistreated or abused. Weapons, maps and diagrams are to be
confiscated. No other possessions may be
taken.
5. Dum-dum bullets are prohibited. It is also forbidden to make such ammunition
by adapting normal rounds.
6. The Red Cross is protected. Injured opponents are to be
treated humanely. Doctors and field
chaplains may not be hindered in their medical or pastoral work.
7. The civil population is inviolable. A soldier is not permitted to plunder or
deliberately to destroy. Historic
monuments and buildings used for religious services, the arts, sciences or
charitable purposes are to be particularly respected. Goods or services provided by the population
may only be used when so ordered by a superior and only against recompense.
8. Neutral territory may not be included in acts of warfare
either by trespassing, overflying or shelling.
9. If a German soldier is captured he must give his name and
rank when asked. He may not, under any
circumstances, divulge information about his unit, or about the military,
political and economic conditions in Germany.
He must not be persuaded by either promises or threats so to do.
10-Contravention of the above
orders in official matters is punishable.
Violation of principles 1-8 above by the enemy should be reported. Acts of retaliation are permissible only if
ordered by a higher military authority.
German Cadence:
“Infantry , you are the crown of all weapons”
1)Infantry , you are the crown of all weapons./ Infantry,
you wear with pride the heavy monkey. (backpack)/ Infantry , I will never
forget you.
Refrain: With you march the glory/ of Germany's greatest
time/ Into all eternity.
2)Leave pass , you're the most beautiful of all bills/ Leave
pass , everybody thinks the same ./ Leave pass , when will you finally mine?
Refrain: I would like so much once more/ to go home again/
seeing my dear ones again.
3)Payment day , you're the most beautiful of days./ Payment
day , you let us forget toil and trouble./ Payment day , with you there remains
no.
Refrain: And when have the purse full of money again ,/ Then
we feel like kings of the world.
4)Mary Ann, you have not written a long time./ Annemie, have
you remained faithful to me ?/ Annemie , yes , I will never forget you!
Refrain: Write to me a long,
long letter and than put ' into it/ Much love and a ten mark bill.
Sept 1939 Einsatzgruppen ("task forces") were SS paramilitary
squads that were responsible for policing operations in the vast newly
conquered territories. They were only
needed for a short time to arrest Communist Partisans and kill if necessary.
.
Major Francis Charles Claypon Yeats-Brown, DFC (8/15, 1886 – 12/19,
1944) was an officer in the British Indian army and the author of the
celebrated memoir “The Lives of a Bengal
Lancer”. During the 1930s,
Yeats-Brown also became involved in right-wing politics. He was a member of the January Club, and wrote
newspaper articles in praise of Francisco Franco and Hitler, asserting that
Hitler had solved Germany's unemployment problem. In 1939 writing about the Jews of France in “European Jungle”: “From morning to night
. . . the French citizen pays his tribute to the tribes of Israel. His coffee comes from the Cohens of Haifa; his
bread has been handled by Louis-Dreyfus; when he listens to his radio he
enriches the half-Jew Louis Mercier; his newspapers are full of Jewish
advertisements, especially of the patent medicines of Levi and Vidal; the
Intransigent is owned by L. L. Dreyfus, the Populaire by Lazarus Brothers, the
Petit Parisien and Excelsior by M. Braun, and the Stock Exchange swarms with
Levis, Lazards, Rothschilds, Cohens, Davids, Weils, Mayers, Sterns, Blochs,
Baumanns, and their friends and relations.”
In “European Jungle”, he gives the true history of the Anschlus with
Austria.
Harry Waton (1917)
"It is not an accident that Judaism gave birth to Marxism,
and it is not an accident that the Jews readily took up Marxism. All that is in perfect accord with the
progress of Judaism and the Jews."
“A Program for the Jews: An Answer To all Anti-Semites: A Program for
Humanity” by Rabbi Harry Waton in New York 1939; Published by Committee for the Preservation
of the Jews New York – 1939: {p. 99}
What shall be said about a history that can date its beginning only a few
thousand years ago? What shall be said
about a history that cannot inform the Aryan nations whence they came, whither
they go, and what is their historic function?
Absolutely nothing. The past is
veiled in darkness; the present is hazy, and the future is entirely shut out of
sight. May the Aryans dig up the whole
earth, and may they gather an infinite number of fossils, and yet they will
never discover history. The infinite
number of books on history that were written by the Aryans since the days of
Herodotus down to this day contain infinite facts, events and dates, but they
do not contain history. What would not
the Aryans give to know whence they came, whither they go, and what is their
historic function? Even the nazis would
give up their aim to become a world power only to know what is their historic
destiny. And yet, the Jews possess the
Book of History, and this is the Bible.
In the Bible is written, once for all eternity, the whole history from
beginning to end, and this book was written by Jews. Infinite misery and suffering would have been
spared mankind, if only they understood this Book of History. The destiny of
mankind is that they will understand this book, and then they will realize
their predetermined destiny. In the
realm of history the Jews are the only scientists. The conclusion is this. In the materialistic sciences, the Aryans are
preeminent, but in the spiritual sciences the Jews are preeminent. And thus we see that the Jews are the highest
and greatest artists and scientists. The
arts and the sciences imply corresponding techniques. It therefore follows that the Jews are the
highest and greatest technicians. Since
culture is art, science and technique, it follows that the Jews are the highest
and most cultured people on earth.
According to Hitler, a race of a superior culture has a right to
subordinate to itself the races of ad inferior culture, and the race of the
highest culture has a right to be the master over the whole earth and the whole
human race. What follows? Since the Jews are the highest and most
cultured people on earth, the Jews have a right to subordinate to themselves
the rest of mankind and to be the masters over the whole earth. Now, indeed,
this is the historic destiny of the Jews, but not in the sense of Hitler and
the nazis. With Jesus, who only symbolizes
the Jews, the Jews say: Our kingdom is not of this world. The Jews will become
the masters over the whole earth and they will subordinate to themselves all
nations, not by material power, not by brute force, but by light, knowledge,
understanding, humanity, peace, justice and progress. Judaism is communism, internationalism, the
universal brotherhood of man, the emancipation of the working class and the
human society. It is with these
spiritual weapons that the Jews will conquer the world and the human race. The races and the nations will cheerfully
submit to the spiritual power of Judaism, and all will become Jews. And it shall come to pass in the end of days
that the mountain of Jehovah's house shall be established as the top of the
mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow
unto it, and many peoples shall go and say: Come ye, and let us go up to the
top of the mountain of Jehovah, to the house of the God of Jacob; and He will
teach us of His ways, and we will walk in His paths. For out of Zion shall go
forth the Torah, and the word of Jehovah from Jerusalem. And He shall judge
between the nations , and shall decide for many peoples; and they shall beat
their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning-hooks; Nation shall
not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. They
shall not hurt nor destroy in all My holy mountain, for the earth shall be full
of the knowledge of Jehovah, as the waters cover the sea. - ISAIAH. This is the kingdom of the Jews, of all Jews,
no matter what be their race, color and blood.
Even the nazis will become Jews, and they, too, will rejoice in
Jehovah. This is the predetermined
destiny of mankind, of all mankind, without exception, and this destiny was
predetermined by God."
Rabbi Harry Waton
“Communism is the destiny of mankind.
There is one work on sociology, and only one work, and that is Marx's
Capital. Only a Jew could write this
work. The Jews are the highest and most cultured people on earth... The Jews
have a right to subordinate to themselves the rest of mankind and to be the
masters over the whole earth. The Jews
will become masters over the whole earth, and they will subordinate to
themselves all nations, not by material power, not by brute force, but by
light, knowledge, understanding, humanity, peace, justice and progress. The Aryans will enlarge and beautify the
earth; but they will settle to enjoy the world which they created only in the
tents of the Jews. These tents are
communism, internationalism... State capitalism may come from below through a
bloody revolution, as was the case in Soviet Russia; or it may come from above,
as will likely be the case in this country.
All that is necessary that in this country state capitalism and fascism
shall be completely established is a national emergency or a war. Once such a national emergency or war comes -
and it will inevitably come in the near future - and in this country we shall
have the state capitalism. and fascism that we see in Soviet Russia or Nazi
Germany. The Jews shall inherit this
earth, and ... all other races will either disappear altogether or they will
become Jews. (A Program for the Jews)
This rather astounding declaration was published by a group calling
itself "Committee for Preservation of the Jews." It was sponsored by
the Spinoza Institute of New York. Waton was one of many Jewish mystics who
have tried to reconcile the Kabbalah, Spinoza and neo-Gnostic communism, which
they see as the long-overdue bringing of rationality, justice - and strict
supervision - to the entire world”
”The Communist soul is the soul of Judaism. Hence it follows that, just as in the Russian
revolution the triumph of Communism was the triumph of Judaism, so also in the
triumph of fascism will triumph Judaism.” (A program for the Jews and Humanity,
1939)
Peter Coll, German
novelist - This popular and prolific writer of detective stories often used
plots centering on the Jewish world conspiracy.
(The Human Cargo of the Ano-Wati,1939) showed Jews without sense of
beauty or morality. Some were caught in
the end, but the conspiracy went on.
“Jewish Magic and Superstition” by Joshua Trachtenberg (1939) This is a comprehensive review of Jewish
magic from the 10th to the 15th century, including a rich lode of folklore from
th Kabbalah and the Haggadah. Many
well-known Jewish traditions are explained, such as why a glass is broken at a
wedding, and how the expression mazel tov is related to a belief in
Astrology. Trachtenberg deals
extensively with Golems, Succubi, the Lillim, (from Lilith--Adam's first wife),
and other magical creatures, some well known such as werewolves, and others not
so well, such as estrie, mare and broxa.
There are detailed descriptions of talismans, amulets, charms, and other
curious magical objects. There are
chapters dealing with dream interpretation, medical beliefs, necromancy, and
other forms of divination.
“The Devil and the Jews: The Medieval
Conception of the Jew and its Relation to Modern AntiSemitism” by Joshua
Trachtenberg (1943) Chapters: The “Demonic”
Jew; Devil Incarnate; A Antichrist; With Horns and Tail; The Jew as Sorcerer; A
Jew is Full of Sorcery; Europe Discovers the Kabbalah; Magic and Medicine; The
Poisoners; Host and Image Desecration; Ritual Murder ; The Blood Accusation;
The Jew as Heretic; Church and Jew; Infidel or Heretic?; The Attack Upon Usury;
The Crusade against Sorcery; Heretic-Sorcerer-Jew; Still the Devil’s Own.
Joshua Trachtenberg
(1904-1959) was a reform rabbi on the east coast of the US. This is an elaboration of his Columbia
University Ph.D. thesis. Trachtenberg's appreciation of the role of folk-magic
in Jewish culture is important for the study of Judaism, and also the roots of
modern Pagan beliefs and practices.
11/8 Hitler tells a meeting of "Old Fighters" in
Munich, "What were the aims of Britain in the last war? Britain said she
was fighting for justice. Britain has been fighting for justice for three
hundred years. As a reward God gave her 40 million square kilometers of the
world and 480 million people to dominate." (Payne)(Sarcasm)
Nov 30, 1939 – Russia invades Finland. This Winter
War is over on March 12.
Dutch Camp! The Westerbork transit camp was a refugee, detention and
transit camp in the northeastern Netherlands.
On December 15, 1938, the Dutch government closed its border to
refugees. From then on, any refugees
would not have any rights. In 1939, the
Dutch government erected this refugee camp, financed, ironically, partly by
Dutch Jewry, in order to absorb fleeing Jews from Nazi Germany. From this camp, 101,000 (?) enemy Dutch Jews
and about 5,000 German Jews were deported to Occupied Poland. In addition, there were about 400 Gypsies in
the camp and, at the very end of the War, some 400 women from the communist
resistance movement. Following its use
in World War II, the Westerbork camp was first used as a penalty camp for
alleged and accused Nazi collaborators and later housed Dutch nationals who
fled the former Dutch East Indies (Indonesia).
Between 1950 and 1970 the camp was renamed to Kamp Schattenberg and used
to house refugees from the Maluku Islands.
In the 1970s the camp was demolished.
Near the site there is now a museum, and monuments of remembrance of
those transported and killed during World War II. (It’s full of Jew lies.) The camp is freely
accessible.
Pianist
Erich Ziegler / Pianist Willy Rosen / Inmate Show
Cabaret dancer Esther
Philips / Soccer Match / Camp orchestra / Jewish youth dance the Hora
Warehouse Crew / Sewing girls / Violinist / Jewish police
Wedding
Westerbork, Holland, 9/27, 1943, A
humoristic cabaret album dedicated to the camp commander by the inmates. The album contains photographs and caricatures
of a play performed by inmates, with the support of the commander. Over 41 pages
“If you’re up to the neck in dirt,
you’re not happy! Be
happy anyway! - with all good
wishes.”
The Westerbork transit camp was a Nazi refugee, detention
and transit camp in northeastern Netherlands. Many stayed over a year.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Showing the first
Mercedes (horseless carriage) a Volkswagen and a Porsche Racing Car on display
at the Berlin auto show. The set has a
surcharge. They used the money to finance the National Culture Fund.
1.Rally 2.Science
week 3. Professional Competition 4.Junior camp
5.performance competition
6.Awards 7.off road racer 8.Sports
9.protection 10.Aircraft
workshops 11.Stagecoach 12.Königstein Taunus
1.Elbogen of the Eger
2.Drachenfels 3.Imperial Palace
of Goslar 4.Graz Clock Tower 5.Frankfurter Römer 6.House of the Estates Klagenfurt 7.Ruins Schreckenstein 8.Salzburg Festivals 9.Hohentwiel singing
Jews
emigrating from Berlin (not
fleeing!), 1939. The Germans naturally
aided and in cases, funded the Jews in leaving the country.
1940 1940 1940 1940
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