1933

(My original has many pictures and illustrations.  Please excuse this installment until I am able to complete it.)

1933         1933         1933         1933

2/1, 1933 Hitler's Proclamation to the German Nation, Berlin “…The National Government will regard it as its first and foremost duty to revive in the nation the spirit of unity and co-operation.  It will preserve and defend those basic principles on which our nation has been built.  It regards Christianity as the foundation of our national morality, and the family as the basis of national life....”

February 20 Hermann Goering sponsors a fundraiser for Hitler at his residence, a small palace, in Berlin.  Attending are Gustav Krupp of Krupp steelworks, Albert Voegler of United Steel, Fritz Springorum, another steel magnate, and Georg von Schnitzler of I.G. Farben, among others.  One of the 25 business titans at this meeting is Eduard Schulte, chief executive officer of Giesche, "one of the oldest industrial undertakings in the world and one of the most valuable in Europe." (N.Y. Times; Silence) The speaker was Hitler and the host Dr. Hjalmar Schacht, former president of the Reichsbank.  Conflicts within German industry and agriculture led big business as a class to turn against the Weimar Republic and choose Hitler as their surest route to economic revival.

 Seward Bishop Collins (4/22, 1899 – 12/8, 1952) was a New York socialite and publisher.  By the end of the 1920s, he was a self-described "fascist".  A man of independent wealth, Collins published two literary journals: The Bookman (1927–1933) and The American Review (1933–1937).  Politically, he moved from left-liberalism in the early 1920s to "fascism".  In The American Review, he sought to develop an American form of fascism and praised Mussolini and Hitler in an article titled "Monarch as Alternative," which appeared in the first issue in 1933.  In that essay, Collins attacked both capitalism and communism and heralded the "New Monarch," who would champion the common good over and against the machinations of capitalists and communists.  “One would gather from the fantastic lack of proportion of our press—not to say its gullibility and sensationalism—that the most important aspect of the German revolution was the hardships suffered by Jews under the new regime.  Even if the absurd atrocity stories were all true, the fact would be almost negligible beside an event that shouts aloud in spite of the journalistic silence: the victory of Hitler signifies the end of the Communist threat, forever.  Wherever Communism grows strong enough to make a Communist revolution a danger, it will be crushed by a Fascist revolution.”  In a 1936 interview that he granted to Grace Lumpkin in the pro-communist periodical FIGHT against War and Fascism, Collins stated: "I am a fascist.  I admire Hitler and Mussolini very much.  They have done great things for their countries." When Lumpkin objected to Hitler's persecution of the Jews, Collins replied: "It is not persecution. The Jews make trouble. It is necessary to segregate them."  The American Review ran articles by many leading literary critics of the day, including the Southern Agrarians, who, though hardly fascists, accepted a Northern publisher for their anti-modern essays.  In addition to featuring essays by many critics of modernity, The American Review also became the a vehicle for spreading the ideas associated with English Distributism, the supporters of which included G. K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc.  Collins and his wife, a spiritual medium, were actively involved with psychic phenomena during the 1930s. Today Collins is remembered primarily as a fascist editor and publisher who detested both capitalism and communism and counted many pre-War writers as his friends or colleagues.  His essay "Monarch as Alternative," mentioned above, appears in Conservatism in America Since 1930, a collection of essays by conservative writers published by New York University Press in 2003.  A 2005 biography of Collins, And Then They Loved Him: Seward Collins & the Chimera of an American Fascism, argues that Collins was in fact a Distributist, i.e., a follower of G. K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc, who inexplicably called Agrarianism "fascism."  Indeed, the book concludes that Collins then became a kind of scapegoat after 1941 when many other members of the American social and intellectual elites were eager to distract attention from their own flirtations with fascism in the 1920s and 1930s.  Yet his praise of Hitler and Mussolini, noted above, testifies to his beliefs, at least during the 1930s.

  March 12, 1933 Purim, the Jewish holiday of Revenge against Gentiles.  Jews throughout the world label specific enemies as Haman and Christianity in general as Haman.  This holiday celebrates vengeance.  Other episodes of revenge throughout the year could still be connected to the spirit of Purim.  The Adloyada Purim parade, along with gambling, drinking to excess and all kinds of decadence is typical. 

  Tel Aviv Purim float of Nazi cannons (screen capture from 1933 film)

 Arnold Gehlen (1/29, 1904 – 1/30, 1976) was an influential conservative German philosopher and sociologist.  (age ~29 in 1933)  He joined the Nazi Party in 1933 and had a shining career as a member of the 'Leipzig School' under Hans Freyer.  Gehlen's philosophy has been influential for many contemporary neoconservative German thinkers.  Many terms from his work, like Reizüberflutung ("Sensory overload"), deinstitutionalization or post-history, have gained popular currency in Germany.

 Greta Garbo (9/18, 1905 – 4/15, 1990), born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson, was a Swedish film actress.  Garbo was an international star and icon during Hollywood's silent and classic periods.  Many of Garbo's films were sensational hits, and all but three of her twenty-four Hollywood films were profitable.  When Greta Garbo was preparing to move to Hollywood, her agent sent her portfolio to a friend there.  The portfolio pointed out her fine Aryan features, which was perfectly natural in Sweden at the time, but the friend sent a panicking letter back: "What are you thinking, emphasizing her Aryan features?  They are all Jews here!"  It should be noted that in the 1930′s 40% of Hollywood revenues came from foreign distribution, and Germany was Hollywood’s most lucrative foreign territory.  Thus, losing German distribution was a huge financial blow to the American studios.  In fact, Greta Garbo was far more popular in Europe than in America and the war effectively ended her career.  Garbo effectively retired in 1941 at the age of thirty-six after only twenty-seven films made in sixteen years.  Garbo was one of Hitler’s favorite actresses and the Nazis had asked her to come to Germany.  Garbo was extremely secretive for the next 50 years.  Many gentiles in Hollywood kept their opinions to themselves.

1933 Queen Christina is a Pre-Code Hollywood (not enforced until July 1934) feature film loosely based on the life of 17th century Queen Christina of Sweden.  Garbo and Gilbert were co-stars.

John Gilbert (7/10, 1897 – 1/9, 1936) was an actor and a major star of the silent film era, known as "the great lover”.  Throughout his time at MGM, Gilbert frequently clashed with studio head Jew Louis B. Mayer over creative, social and financial matters.  It was said that at the pre-empted wedding of Garbo and Gilbert, Mayer made a crude remark about Garbo to the distraught Gilbert, causing him to physically attack the mogul.  Gilbert supposedly died of alcoholism (but was it murder?).

Mauritz Stiller (7/17, 1883 – 11/18, 1928) was a ‘Finnish-Swedish’ actor, screenwriter and silent film director, who was born Moshe Stiller of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage, having lived in Russia and Poland before settling in Finland.  Louis B Mayer wanted Stiller and Stiller would not come without Garbo.

 James Hilton (9/9, 1900 – 12/20, 1954) was an English novelist who wrote several best-sellers, including “Lost Horizon” (about Shangri-la) (1933) and “Goodbye, Mr. Chips” (1934).  Belief in the subterranean city-state, known as Agarta or Shambhala, is based on Tibetan Buddhist traditions that also inspired the 1933 novel "Lost Horizon" by British author James Hilton.  The book and subsequent film adaptations described a hidden earthly paradise called Shangri-La.  “Goodbye, Mr. Chips”(1934) is a novel by James Hilton.  The story was first published in the British Weekly, an evangelical newspaper.  The novel tells the story of a much-beloved schoolteacher who conquers his inability to connect with the boys at the school as well as his initial shyness when he marries Katherine, a young woman he meets on holiday.  "Chips", despite his own mediocre academic record, continues on to have an illustrious career as an inspiring educator.  Although the book is unabashedly sentimental, it also depicts the sweeping changes that Chips experiences throughout his life: he begins his tenure at Brookfield in 1870, as the Franco-Prussian War is breaking out, and lies on his deathbed shortly after Hitler’s rise to power.  At times, the book is rather ethnocentric.  On numerous occasions, Chips ruminates on his faith in "English blood," and at one point makes a mildly anti-Semitic joke about a "boy named Isaacstein." (Later editions of the book eliminated the Jewish reference and simply said that Chips "made fun of a boy’s name.")

Siegmund George Warburg (9/30, 1902 – 10/22, 1982) was a member of the prominent Jewish-German-American-British Warburg family.  He played a prominent role in the development of merchant banking.  Warburg left Germany and moved to the United Kingdom in 1934 where he co-founded S. G. Warburg & Co. in 1946 with Henry Grunfeld.  In the United Kingdom, Warburg was considered an 'upstart' to the establishment in the City of London. His most famous achievement was the establishment of the EuroBond market.  He firmly believed that financial integration of Europe was an essential and natural step in the development of the European economy.  He was also simultaneously a partner in the U.S. investment bank Kuhn, Loeb from 1953 until 1964 through a holding company to –avoid- the restrictions of the Glass–Steagall Act. 

6/16 The Banking Act of 1933, (Glass–Steagall) was a law that established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and introduced banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation.  Provisions that prohibit a bank holding company from owning other financial companies were repealed on 11/12, 1999, by the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act, which allowed Wall Street investment banking firms to use their depositors' money that was held in the commercial banks and led to the economic crisis of 2007-11.

 1933 Jack Armstrong, the All-American Boy was a radio adventure series which maintained its popularity from 1933 to 1951.  The storylines centered around the globe-trotting adventures of Armstrong, a popular athlete at Hudson High School, his friends Billy Fairfield and Billy's sister Betty, and their Uncle Jim, James Fairfield, an industrialist.  Frequently, Uncle Jim Fairfield would have to visit an exotic part of the world in connection with his business, and he would take Jack Armstrong and the Fairfield siblings along with him.  Many of the adventures provided listeners with the equivalent of a travelogue, providing facts about the lands they were visiting.  The show was created by writer Robert Hardy Andrews.  It was sponsored throughout its long run by Wheaties.

Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky, (8/2 1865- 12/9, 1941) was a Russian novelist, poet, religious thinker, and literary critic.  A seminal figure of the Silver Age of Russian Poetry, regarded as a co-founder of the Symbolist movement, he was twice forced into political exile.  During his second exile (1918–1941) he continued publishing successful novels and gained recognition as a critic of Soviet Russia.  Known both as a self-styled religious prophet with his own slant on apocalyptic Christianity, and as the author of philosophical historical novels which combined fervent idealism with literary innovation, Merezhkovsky was a nine times nominee for the Nobel Prize in literature, which he came closest to winning in 1933.  “Peter and Alexis” has many anti-Judaic references, as do his other major works.  Merezhkovsky ended his days in exile in France as a staunch supporter of Adolf Hitler.  In his speech Merezhkovsky, comparing Hitler to Joan of Arc, called for the anti-Bolshevik crusade, repeating, among other things, what he was saying all through the 1920s and 1930s: “Bolshevism will never change its nature… because right from the start it's been not a national, but international phenomenon.  From the very first day Russia has been -and remains to this very day- only a means to the end: that of its conquering the whole world.”

Juji Nakada (10/29 1870 – 9/24 1939) was a Japanese holiness evangelist, known as "the Dwight Moody of Japan", and one of the co-founders of the Oriental Missionary Society (now OMS International).  Nakada's believed that the Jews and Japanese descended from a common ancestor and that the salvation of the Jews would result in the salvation of the Japanese.  Nakada believed that Christ's Second Coming would be possible only through the restoration of Israel.  Nakada's belief that the Japanese were the descendants of the ten lost tribes of Israel, and that Israel would be restored through the Japanese people, divided the Japan Holiness Church.  He wrote, 'We should not read books that defame the Jewish people (The Elders of the Protocols of Zion was a popular book in Nakada's day) nor should we despise and ostracize them.'  Nakada was also influenced in his thinking by the writings of Nicholas McLeod: The Japanese have been considered by some early travelers and explorers to be descendants of the Ten Lost Tribes.  This theory was formulated by N. McLeod, a Scottish missionary who arrived in Japan in 1867. In his 1933 book, Japan in the Bible, Nakada indicated: "I should like to prove that Israelitish blood runs mixed in the Japanese veins and in this we are not without historical evidences."  This nationalistic attitude reflects a theory, spread by Japanese Christian theologians in the 1930’s, that the Japanese and the Jews sprang from a common ancestry.  That notion appealed in part because it made the Japanese a chosen people--and provided a handy justification for imperialism.  Nakada Juji, the son of a samurai who studied at the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago, came home to preach that even Japan's military forces were playing a divine role.  Nakada wrote in Japan in the Bible: “The Japanese are an inter-mixture of the three original races i.e. the Shemitic [sic], Hamitic, and Japhetic - for the Jews are the descendents [sic] of Shem, the Hittites, of Ham, and the Ainus of Japheth. (The Ainus should be classified among the white people as the Aryan or Caucasian people).  Thus, we see here the wonderful amalgamation of all three races in one wonderful Japanese race which cannot be found anywhere else...no other race has ever been the product of a supernatural welding of these three races.  Here I again say that the Japanese must be a chosen people charged with a special mission toward the entire world.”

“The Conquest of a Continent” by Madison Grant  The best endorsement this book ever has was from the Anti-Defamation League in 1933.  This self-appointed liberal censorship lobby advised: "We are interested in stifling the sale of this book.  We believe that this can be best accomplished by refusing to be stampeded into giving it publicity.  Every review or public criticism of the book of this character brings it to the attention of many who would otherwise know nothing of it.  This results in added sales.  The less discussion there is concerning it, the more sales resistance will be created."  Grant writes of Nordic superiority.

7/10/1933 The Daily Mail reported: “The German nation, moreover, was rapidly falling under the control of its alien elements.  In the last days of the pre-Hitler regime there were twenty times as many Jewish government officials in Germany as had existed before the war.  Israelites of international attachments were insinuating themselves into key positions in the German administrative machine.”

Bernard Lecache, President of the World Jewish League, stated:  'Germany is our public enemy number one.  It is our object to declare war without mercy against her.'

****The Vienna Circle was an association of philosophers gathered around the University of Vienna in 1922, chaired by Moritz Schlick.  Among its members were Gustav Bergmann, Rudolf Carnap, Herbert Feigl, Philipp Frank, Kurt Gödel, Hans Hahn, Tscha Hung, Victor Kraft, Karl Menger, Richard von Mises, Marcel Natkin, Otto Neurath, Olga Hahn-Neurath, Theodor Radakovic, Rose Rand and Friedrich Waismann.  Members of the Vienna Circle had a common attitude towards philosophy, consisting of an applied logical positivism drawn from Ludwig Wittgenstein.  The Vienna Circle's influence on 20th century philosophy was immense.  Although many Gentiles, it was still Jewish dominated with a Jewish materialistic over humanitarian mindset.

The Vienna Circle manifesto states its scientific world-conception characterized as empiricist and positivist: there is knowledge only from experience […] and the scientific world-conception is marked by the application of a certain method, namely logical analysis.” Logical analysis is the method of clarification of philosophical problems; it makes an extensive use of symbolic logic and distinguishes the Vienna Circle empiricism from earlier versions.  The task of philosophy lies in the clarification—through the method of logical analysis—of problems and assertions.  The manifesto lists Walter Dubislav, Josef Frank, Kurt Grelling, Hasso Härlen, Eino Kaila, Heinrich Loewy, F. P. Ramsey, Hans Reichenbach, Kurt Reidemeister, and Edgar Zilsel as "Those sympathetic to the Vienna Circle" and Albert Einstein, Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein as "Leading representatives of the scientific world-conception".

 Friedrich Albert Moritz Schlick (April 14, 1882 – June 22, 1936) was a German philosopher, physicist and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle.  Schlick distinguished himself by publishing a paper in 1915 about Einstein's special theory of relativity, a topic only ten years old.  He also published ("Space and Time in Modern Physics"), a more systematic treatment of post-Newtonian physics.  Schlick remained in Austria, but in 1936 he was killed by a Nazi sympathizer student in the University of Vienna.

The Vienna Circle was dispersed when the Nazi party came to power in Germany; many of its members emigrated to USA, where they taught in several universities.  The Kraft Circle, a successor to the Vienna Circle, arose in 1949 under the leadership of Viktor Kraft.  Its philosophical program was continued long after its demise (1952/3) by Paul Feyerabend.  After 60 years this philosophy has resulted in the goal of monetary success over social treatment of one’s family and community. 

***The European Revolution to overthrow Jewish Materialist Values begins.***

“The Renaissance of Italy: Fascism’s Gift of Order and Progress” 8 page supplement of The Financial Times

 The Nordic Cross Flag, Nordic Cross, or Scandinavian Cross is a pattern of flags usually associated with the flags of the Scandinavian countries of which it originated.  All of the Nordic countries have adopted such flags.  The cross design, which represents Christianity, is depicted extending to the edges of the flag with the vertical part of the cross shifted to the hoist side, rather than centered on the flag.  The former War Ensign of Nazi Germany (1938-1945)(1), now forbidden in Germany was a Nordic Cross.  The proposed National flag of Germany, circa 1919(2), the Flag proposed by the conspirators of the July 20 plot against Hitler(3), a proposed flag for West Germany (1948)(4) were all Nordic Crosses.  There have been and are dozens of countries and localities which have flown types of Nordic Crosses.

1 2 3 4

Weimar Republic becomes the Third Reich - The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, blamed Germany's ruined economy on the harshness of the Versailles Treaty, on faults of democracy, and on the legend of the "stab in the back."  In Germany, as in post-Austro-Hungarian Austria, citizens recalled the pre-war years under autocratic rule as prosperous but the post-war years under weak democratic rule as chaotic and economically disastrous.  The situation was further aggravated by the worldwide economic depression that followed the Wall Street crash in 1929.  Left-wing and right-wing anti-democratic parties in the Reichstag (the German parliament) obstructed parliamentary work, while different cabinets resorted to government by the special emergency powers of the Weimar constitution.  This enabled the president and Cabinet to bypass the Parliament.

  Official flags until 1935  naval flag

The swastika doesn’t become part of the official flag of the Third Reich until September 15, 1935.

Volksgemeinschaft is a German-language expression meaning "people's community".  Originally appearing during World War I (the Great War) as Germans rallied behind the war, it derived its popularity as a means to break down elitism and class divides.  The concept is related to Ferdinand Tönnies' theory in his work Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft ("Community and Society") of 1887.  The Nazis solidified support amongst nationalists and conservatives by presenting themselves as allied with President Paul von Hindenburg who was considered a war hero of World War I in Germany.  The Nazis sought to gain support of workers by declaring May Day, a day celebrated by organized labor, to be a paid holiday and held celebrations to honor German workers.  Nazis gave a great deal of prominence to this new "folk community", depicting the events of 1933 as a Volkwerdung, or a people becoming itself.  The Volk were not just a people; a mystical soul united them, and propaganda continually portrayed individuals as part of a great whole, worth dying for.  A common Nazi mantra declared they must put "collective need ahead of individual greed" -- a widespread sentiment in this era.  Hitler declared that he knew nothing of bourgeois or proletarian, only Germans.  Even Carl Jung's "collective unconscious" was preferred to Freudian concepts because of its communal element.   The Volksgemeinschaft was also depicted in films on the home-front during World War II, with the war uniting all levels of society, as in the two most popular films of the Nazi era, Die grosse Liebe and Wunschkonzert.  The Request Concert radio show, on which the latter film was based, achieved great popularity by broadcasting music claimed to be requested by men in the armed forces.  National Socialist legal theory divided Germans into two categories, namely the National Comrades who belonged to the Volksgemeinschaft and the Community Aliens who did not. 

 Horst Ludwig Wessel (10/9, 1907 – 2/23, 1930) was a German Nazi activist who was made a posthumous hero of the Nazi movement following his violent death in 1930. He was the author of the lyrics to the song ("Raise High the Flag"), usually known as ("the Horst Wessel Song"), which became the Nazi Party anthem and de facto Germany's co-national anthem from 1933 to 1945.  He was the son of a Lutheran minister.  Wessel played the schalmei (shawm), a type of oboe popular in Germany, and he founded an SA (shawm band), which provided music during SA events.  In early 1929, Wessel wrote the lyrics for a new Nazi fight song.  Wessel was assassinated on 14 January 1930.  Wessel was elevated by Goebbel to the status of leading martyr.   It was reported that 30,000 people lined the streets to see the funeral procession. Goebbels delivered the eulogy in the presence of Hermann Göring and Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia, son of former emperor Wilhelm II, who had joined the SA.

****The Horst-Wessel-Song from 1933 to 1945 was a co-national anthem of Germany, along with the first stanza of Deutschlandlied.  Written in 1929 by Horst Wessel, in Der Angriff they were attributed to ("the Unknown SA-Man"):  English translation:

The flag on high! The ranks close tightly!                              SA marches with calm, firm steps.

Comrades shot by Red Front and reactionaries                     March in spirit within our ranks.

Clear the streets for the brownshirts,                                    Clear the streets for the stormtroopers!

Already millions, upon seeing the swastika, are filled with hope The day of freedom and bread is dawning!

The call has sounded for the last time                                  We all stand ready for the fight!

Soon Hitler's flags will fly over all streets.                            Our bondage will only last a short time more!

The flag on high! The ranks close tightly!                              SA marches with calm, firm steps.

Comrades shot by Red Front and reactionaries                     March in spirit within our ranks. 

("Bondage" is what the Nazis saw as Germany's "servitude" under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, in which the victorious powers imposed huge reparations on Germany, stripped her of her colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific Ocean, and gave parts of Germany to Belgium, Denmark, France, Poland, and Lithuania.)

Some changes were made to the lyrics after Wessel's death:

Stanza 1, line 2 The stormtroopers march with bold, firm step.          The stormtroopers march with calm, firm step

Stanza 3, line 1 The call is sounded for the last time!                           The storm warning is sounding for the last time!

Stanza 3, line 3 Soon Hitler's banners will flutter over the barricades                Already (Soon) Hitler's banners will flutter over all the streets

(The dropping of the reference to "barricades" reflected the Nazi Party's desire in the period 1930-33 to be seen as a constitutional political party aiming at taking power by legal means rather than as a revolutionary party.)  After Wessel's death, new stanzas were added, composed in his honor. These were frequently sung by the SA, but did not become part of the official lyrics used on party or state occasions.

Receive our salute; you died an honorable death!                Horst Wessel fell, but thousands newly arise

The anthem roars ahead of the brown army                         The stormtroopers ready to follow his path

The flags sink before the dead who still live                         The stormtrooper swears, his hand balled into a fist,

That the day will come for revenge, no forgiveness,            When Heil and Sieg will ring through the fatherland. 

The most likely immediate source for the melody was a song popular in the German Imperial Navy during World War I, which Wessel would no doubt have heard being sung by Navy veterans in the Berlin of the 1920s. During the 1930s and '40s, the Horst-Wessel-Lied was adapted by fascist groups in other European countries.

 Edith Starr Miller, Lady Queen(s)borough (7/16, 1887 – 1/16, 1933 ) was a New York socialite, conspiracy theorist and anti-Mormon agitator who in 1921 became the second wife of British pro-Fascist Almeric Hugh Paget, 1st Baron Queenborough (3/14, 1861 – 9/22, 1949).  Noteworthy in the historiography of conspiracy theory, Lady Queenborough, Edith Starr Miller wrote three books: the first, “Common Sense in the Kitchen”, in 1918, “Occult Theocracy” published posthumously in France, in 1933, and “Judaism”.   “Judaism has been described by Moses Mendlessohn, learned Jew, in this way: “Judaism is not a religion but a law religionized.  Judaism is not a religion.  It is a sect with Judaism as a rite.”  Lady Queensborough (Occult Theocracy).

 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), President 1933-45.  He shifted the nation to the left, growing the federal government, imposing regulations on business, following a no-growth economic policy, catering to labor unions, and building a permanent New Deal Coalition.   Hitler’s policies paralleled many of the New Deal, except the US was built on debt to Jewish bankers and control from Jewish advisors.  Hitler wanted peace.  Roosevelt wanted war.  War is essentially a negative proposition destroying capital which could be used for bettering mankind.

Roosevelt, Rosenvelt was of Dutch Jewish ancestry:  "Although a Republican, the former Governor has a sincere regard for President Roosevelt and his politics.  He referred to the 'Jewish ancestry' of the President, explaining how he is a descendent of the Rossocampo family expelled from Spain in 1620. Seeking safety in Germany, Holland and other countries, members of the family, he said, changed their name to Rosenberg, Rosenbaum, Rosenblum, Rosenvelt and Rosenthal.  The Rosenvelts in North Holland finally became Roosevelt." - Chase S. Osborn, The Times Newspaper, St. Petersburg, Florida, 1934

"The Delanos are descendants of an Italian or Spanish Jewish family Dilano, Dilan, Dillano.  The Jew Delano drafted an agreement with the West Indian Company, in 1657 regarding the colonization of the island of Curacao.  About this the directors of the West Indies Company, had correspondence with the Governor of New Holland. In 1624 numerous Jews had settled in North Brazil, which was under Dutch Dominion. President Roosevelt is from the standpoint of Jewish heredity law as good a Jew as Bernard M. Baruch." - Johann von Leers

In an address to the National Convention of the Daughters of the American Revolution, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, said that he was of revolutionary ancestry.  The first Rosenvelt came to America in 1649.  His name was Claes Rosenvelt.  Claes Rosenvelt was a Jew.  Nicholas, the son of Claes was the ancestor of both Franklin and Theodore.  Nicholas married a Jewish girl, named Kunst, in 1682. Nicholas had a son named Jacob Roosevelt.

It was common knowledge to the Germans that Roosevelt was a Jew.

More facts on Roosevelt: His son, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. (August 17, 1914 – August 17, 1988) was a politician.  His second wife was Felicia Schiff Warburg Sarnoff (m. 1-Jul-1970, div. 1976).  One son of Franklin Sr. (who?) married into the family of one of the biggest munitions manufacturers in the world, who was a French Jew.

1933 2/15 An assassination attempt is made on the life of President-elect Roosevelt by Joseph Zangara, an Italian-born anarchist in Miami.  Chicago Mayor Anton J. Cermak is mortally wounded in the attack.

 Giuseppe Zangara (9/7, 1900 – 3/20, 1933).  Roosevelt escaped injury, but five people were shot including Cermak.

1934 3/7 The Carnegie Institute compiles the family tree of Roosevelt, claiming that his ancestors came to America about 1682. Supposedly they were Claes Martenszen Van Rosenvelt and Janette Samuel, both originally of Spanish Sephardic (Jewish) descent.  Once again, conservatives and antisemites used this information to stir up anti-Jewish tensions and create distrust of the President, his cabinet (many of whom were Jewish) and the government. 1935 3/14 The NYT quotes Roosevelt as saying, " In the distant past my ancestors may have been Jews.  All I know about the origin of the Roosevelt family is that they are apparently the descendents of Claes Martenszen van Roosevelt who came from Holland. 1937 2/4 Roosevelt begins an effort to "pack" the Supreme Court.

Totalitarian Government? - The New Deal agencies - The alphabet agencies were created under Franklin D. Roosevelt.  The earliest agencies were created to combat the Great Depression in the United States and were established during Roosevelt's first 100 days in office in 1933.  In total, at least 100 offices were created during Roosevelt's terms of office.  Some of the agencies still exist today, while others have merged with other departments and agencies or were abolished, or found unconstitutional.  What were the motivations and timings of these agencies?  Many paralleled Germany’s societal needs, but based on banker’s debt unlike Germany!

Partial list: 1933: AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act; CAA Civil Aeronautics Authority (now FAA); CCC Civilian Conservation Corps; CCC Commodity Credit Corporation; CWA Civil Works Administration; DSH Subsistence Homesteads Division; EBA Emergency Banking Act; FCA Farm Credit Administration; FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; FERA Federal Emergency Relief Administration; FSRC Federal Surplus Relief Corporation; HOLC Home Owners Loan Corporation; NIRA National Industrial Recovery Act; NRA National Recovery Administration; PRRA Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration; PWA Public Works Administration; TVA Tennessee Valley Authority. 

1934: FCC Federal Communications Commission; FHA Federal Housing Administration; NLRB National Labor Relations Board/The Wagner Act; SEC Securities and Exchange Commission

1935: DRS Drought Relief Service; FAP Federal Art Project (part of WPA); FMP Federal Music Project (part of WPA); FSA Farm Security Administration; FTP Federal Theatre Project (part of WPA); FWP Federal Writers' Project (part of WPA); NLRA National Labor Relations Act; RA Resettlement Administration; REA Rural Electrification Administration (now Rural Utilities Service); SSA Social Security Administration; SSB Social Security Board (now part of SSA); WPA Works Progress Administration

1936 USMC US Maritime Commission; 1937 USHA US Housing Authority; 1938 FLSA Fair Labor Standards Act; 1939 FWA Federal Works Agency

US Famine (Pravda) May 19, 2008  by Boris Borisov, in his article titled “The American Famine” estimated the victims of the US Great Depression at over seven million people. “Few people know about five million American farmers (about a million families) whom banks ousted from them lands because of debts.  The US government did not provide them with land, work, social aid, pension – nothing”.  “Every sixth American farmer was affected by famine.  People were forced to leave their homes and go to nowhere without any money and any property.  They found themselves in the middle of nowhere enveloped in massive unemployment, famine and gangsterism.”  At the same time, the US government tried to get rid of redundant foodstuffs, which vendors could not sell.  … They burnt crops, drowned them in the ocean or plowed 10 million hectares of harvesting fields. “About 6.5 million pigs were killed at that time”.

So-called public works introduced by President Roosevelt became a salvation for a huge number of jobless and landless Americans.   A member of public works would make $30, and pay $25 of taxes from this amount.  So a person could make only $5 for a month of hard work in malarial swamps.”  The conditions, under which people were working for food, could be compared to Stalin’s GULAG camp.

"Some call it Marxism — I call it Judaism." (The American Bulletin, Rabbi S. Wise, May 5, 1935).  Stephen Samuel Wise was a American Reform rabbi and Zionist leader.  Wise was a close friend of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.  In 1914 Wise co-founded the NAACP and encouraged the creation of the World Jewish Congress.

“Could and would command the attention and govern the thought of the world…  There have been many of us who for many years have seen in the Hebrew laws, the elements of the social regeneration of the world.  A rationalized Hebrew state founded on Hebrew fundamental laws, ethical social, sanitary, and dietary, and all the rest, would be a working laboratory of social regeneration, which would excite breathless attention.”  A.A Berle Jr – ‘The Significance of the Jewish State’.   Adolf Augustus Berle, Jr. (1895-1971) was a lawyer, educator, author, and U.S. diplomat.  He was the author of The Modern Corporation and Private Property, a groundbreaking work on corporate governance, and an important member of U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt's "Brain Trust".

****Jews Silencing Gentiles:  In 1933 Mr. Bernard J. Brown, a Jewish Chicago lawyer, wrote, "Through the intervention of the A.D.L. we have succeeded in muzzling the non-Jewish press to the extent that newspapers in America abstain from pointing out that any person unfavorably referred to is a Jew".   Bernard J Brown wrote “From Pharaoh to Hitler”.

“American Jews, too, must come to grips with our contemporary anti-Semites.  We must fill our jails with anti-Semitic gangsters, we must fill our insane asylums with anti-Semitic lunatics, we must harass and prosecute our Jew baiters to the extreme limits of the laws, we must humble and shame our anti-Semitic hoodlums to such an extent that none will wish to dare to become fellow travelers.”  Rabbi Leon Spitz – ‘Glorious Purim Formula’, in THE AMERICAN HEBREW, March 1, 1946.

“One of the most dangerous of specific Jewish characteristic is that of brutal, absolutely barbaric intolerance - an altogether remarkable contradiction in a race which at every moment is loudly crying for tolerance.  No worse tyranny can be practiced than that exercised by the Jewish race.  That consideration for the views and the person of an opponent - even under strenuous opposition - which one finds shared by the Germans and, in particular, by the Italians, is out of the question amongst the Jews.  Whoever dares to stand against the Jewish gang, they unhesitatingly strive to trample down with animal brutality.  Furthermore, there is a vast difference between the intolerance of the German and that of the Jew. The former meets his opponent in open, honorable fight, invoking the aid of no skeletons, least of all those concealed in cupboards.  The Jew, on the other hand, seeks to destroy his opponent an moral grounds when he finds his material foothold slipping, unearths incidents of his private life, or else, on the other hand, makes every endeavor to conceal the true character of that life, trying to deceive with lies, in order to sway those holding opposing views.  That meanest of all fighting methods, hushing up, is specifically Jewish.”  Konrad Alberti (Sittenfeld) -( July 9, 1862 - June 24,1918 ) was a German writer , biographer and editor of the Berliner Morgenpost.

“Whoever acknowledges himself openly to be an anti-Semite has to be prepared to be an outlaw.  No matter what he merits, no matter how distinguished in his profession, he will be ostracized and regarded as a human outcast; Lagarde, Duhring, Treitschke and Wagner could testify to this.  One would imagine that the fight against Semitism, against Judaism, when based on conviction, would be no more reprehensible than the fight against Catholicism, Capitalism, Feudalism or Socialism.  But the Liberal Press will not hear of such impartiality, and consigns everyone who raises his voice against Israel to the worst sink of corruption.”  Jew Maximilian Harden (Isadore Mitkowski) - editor of DIE ZUNKUNFT, in his book, “DIE KOPFE”.  / Maximilian Harden (a pen name; he was born Felix Ernst Witkowski) (10/20, 1861 – 10/30, 1927) was an influential German journalist and editor.  Born the son of a Jewish merchant in Berlin he attended the Französisches Gymnasium until he began to train as an actor and joined a traveling theatre troupe.  In 1878 Harden converted to Protestantism and started his journalistic career as a theatre critic in 1884.

“Suing for libel for millions of dollars, enough to cause bankruptcy would prove the most effective means of silencing Jew-Baiters.”  Rabbi Samuel Horowitz - in THE JEWISH SPECTATOR, April, 1939.

“If the Jews are attacked, they will defend themselves, and you will get something like internal troubles.” Theodor Herzl - quoted in Henry Ford's “Jewish Activities in the United States”.

"Judaism, which was destroyed politically (as a result of the destruction of the Temple in 70 A.D.), went forth into the great world.  It adapted its possessions to its wanderings. I once compared it to an army going to war, a "movable State."   Jews were compelled to smuggle their goods across from frontier to frontier; so they chose abstract wares, easy to stubble; and this gave them ability, despite ghettos and restrictions, to  enter everywhere; and so it is that the Hebrew people have penetrated everywhere.

     “The argument is that Judaism, by penetrating among the Gentiles (IN CHRISTIANS GUISE or otherwise), has gradually undermined the remnants of paganism.   Such penetration has not been without deliberate Jewish conniving in the shape of assistance bestowed in a thousand ways, devices and disguises.  It has been affected in great measure by crypto-Jews, who have permeated Christianity and spoken through the mouth of Christianity.  By these devices of their Jewish  blood; and owing to an instance for 'requital,' they have gradually induced Christianity to accept  what was left in it of pagan elements as their own; and it is they who, in principle (even though  they are called by great Gentile names), of Democracy, of Socialism, and of Communism.  All his achievement...has come about chiefly through unknown anonymous Jews, Jews in secret,  either crypto-Jews who mingled among the Gentiles and nurtured great thinkers from among  them; or, through the influence of Jews, who, in the great crises of liberty and freedom, have  stood behind the scenes; or through Jewish teachers and scholars from the time of the Middle Ages.  It was disciples of Jewish teachers who headed the Protestant movements.  These dogs, these haters of the Jews have a keen nose.  In truth, JEWISH INFLUENCE IN GERMANY IS POWERFUL.  It is impossible to ignore it.  Marx was a Jew.  His manner of thought was Jewish.  His keenness of intellect was Jewish; and one of his forebears was a most distinguished rabbi endowed with a powerful mind.

“The newspapers, under Jewish control, obviously served as an auxiliary in all movements in favor of freedom.   Not in vain have Jews been drawn toward journalism.  In their hands it became a weapon highly fitted to meet their needs.  The Gentiles have at last realized this secret - that Judaism has gradually penetrated them like a drug.  The Gentile nature is in revolt, and is trying to organize the final battle.  Paganism is minded to organize its last war against Judaism.  And there is no doubt that this warfare ... is being waged specifically against Democracy, against Socialism.  This is another worldwide warfare again against the forces of Judaism.  I venture to think that Socialism in its highest form is the fruit of the Jewish spirit, and the fruit of the world outlook of the prophets. It is they who were the first Socialists.  War is now being waged against us, against Judaism - not in our land, but in the great outer world where we are scattered.  They would ‘smoke us out’ of all cracks and crannies where we have hidden.  They would exterminate us like bacilli, and be rid of us.” - Hayim Nahman Bialik (1/9, 1873 – 7/4, 1934), also Chaim or Haim, was a Jewish poet who wrote in Hebrew.  Bialik was one of the pioneers of modern Hebrew poets and came to be recognized as Israel's national poet. - in an address delivered at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, May 11, 1933, which appeared in “Lines of Communication”, Palestine, July, 1933.

****War Economy - It is a Lie to say that Roosevelt and the World War brought the U.S. out of the Great Depression.  First, even though a few stockholders were the first affected, it was primarily those dependent on those Capitalists that were affected the most.  The term “Great Depression” is relative.  Many of the rural Americans who had so little or who were self-sufficient were hardly affected.  Second, unlike German financial growth with no interest or debt to Bankers, Roosevelt’s plans created more usurious Debt to International Bankers and the Growth of Government agencies owing allegiance to Special Interests and Political Parties.  Third, War destroys, it does not build or create.  There is an overall negative aspect to economic progression.  Hitler concentrated on German renewal and solved unemployment without military build-up.  When War was forced upon Germany, its system of international barter and government-issued Marks did not create any Government debt.  The ‘War Economy’ of the US and Great Britain created tremendous debt and totalitarian government controls for their people.

****Sample Jew Frauds: (With a gift of gab and acting ability)

Jew Ignaz Strassnoff (1868-1933), "King of Hungarian Adventurers," swindler, counterfeiter, blackmailer, and bigamist; in Budapest.  He was awed in boyhood by a strutting Hussar officer, he saw the "hypnotic power" of uniform & monocle, embarked with that equipment on a prodigious career of crookery.  His most publicized coup was to gull 40,000 gold crowns out of the Cardinal Prince Archbishop of Hungary by posing as Prince Eszterhazy, Captain of the Royal Hussars.  Dying in poverty, he still had his shabby uniform; the monocle fell from his eye as he drew his last breath.  He was a typical Jew fraud in High Society. 

Ignatius Timothy Trebitsch-Lincoln (4/4, 1879 – 10/4, 1943) a Hungarian Jewish adventurer who spent parts of his life as a Protestant missionary, Anglican priest, British Member of Parliament for Darlington, German right-wing politician and spy, and Buddhist abbot in China.  He was another typical Jew fraud in Religious society.  Did he believe himself another Messiah?

Maxim Maximovich Litvinov (7/17, 1876–12/31, 1951) was a Russian-Jewish revolutionary and prominent Soviet diplomat.  He was a typical Jew fraud in politics.

Monday, Feb. 08, 1937  Mme Dmitri Navachine joined the ranks of Russian widows who say their husbands have been murdered by Joseph Stalin's accomplished Secret Service or Ogpu.  Husband Dmitri Navachine (Dimitri Navaschin) was perhaps the ablest Jew Soviet banker, economist and financier Communism has produced.  He was a typical Jew fraud in banking.

The US Army's 45th Infantry Division used the swastika as their unit patch until the Nazi party got more and more popular, then they switched it to the eagle in 1933.

 John Maynard Keynes (6/5, 1883 – 4/21, 1946) was a British economist who greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and advocated the use of fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions and depressions.  Following the outbreak of World War II, Keynes's ideas concerning economic policy were adopted by leading Western economies.  During the 1950s and 1960s, the success of Keynesian economics resulted in almost all capitalist governments adopting its policy recommendations, promoting the cause of social liberalism.  Keynes' influence waned in the 1970s, partly as a result of problems that began to afflict the Anglo-American economies from the start of the decade, and partly because of critiques from Milton Friedman and other economists who were pessimistic about the ability of governments to regulate the business cycle with fiscal policy.  However, the advent of the global financial crisis in 2007 has caused a resurgence in Keynesian thought.  Keynesian economics has provided the theoretical underpinning for economic policies undertaken in response to the crisis by Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama of the United States, Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the United Kingdom, and other global leaders.  Keynes himself viewed the Nazi efforts with favor. In his preface to the German edition of The General Theory, dated September 7, 1936, Keynes indicated that the ideas of his book could more readily be carried out under strong leadership.  “It is not that the Jews are traditionally the accursed race that makes anti-semites, it is because they have in them deep-rooted instincts that are antagonistic and therefore repulsive to the European, and their presence amongst us is a living example of the insurmountable difficulties that exist in merging race characteristics, in making cats love dogs"(as 17yr old).  (As a man: He draws a vivid physical portrait of Jevons with "crinkly beard, curling hair, a broad brow and square face, full nostrils, and full, somewhat protruding lower lip, his countenance was almost, one might say, of Jewish cast. ..”  Two of Keyne’s three mentors were Jewish: Lionel Abraham and Edwin Montagu, the secretary of state for India, who advanced the public career of Keynes.  "…one of the prophets of the ancient race [Jews] - Marx, Freud, Einstein - who have been tearing at our social, personal and intellectual roots, tearing them with an objectivity which to the healthy mind seems morbid, depriving everything, as it seems, of the warmth of natural feeling…”  Yet he was a Zionist.

Hugh Samuel Johnson (8/5, 1882 – 4/15, 1942) was an US Army officer and National Recovery Administration official.  Johnson played a major role in the New Deal.  While helping organize the Democratic Party convention of 1932, he distributed a memo proposing that FDR become a Mussolini-like dictator in the economic sphere.  In 1933 Roosevelt appointed Johnson to administer part of the National Recovery Administration (NRA).  Johnson has been said to have looked on Italian Fascist corporativism as a kind of model.  He distributed copies of a Fascist tract called "The Corporate State" (original meaning) by one of Mussolini's favorite economists, including giving one to Labor Secretary Francis Perkins and asking her give copies to her cabinet.

 William Dudley Pelley (3/12, 1890 – 6/30, 1965) was a journalist and spiritualist who founded the Silver Legion in 1933, and ran for President in 1936 for the Christian Party.   (age ~43 in 1933)  Following World War I, Pelley traveled throughout Europe and Asia as a foreign correspondent.  He particularly spent a great deal of time in Russia and witnessed atrocities of the Soviets.  His experiences in Russia left him with a deep hatred for Communism and Jews, whom he believed were planning to conquer the world.  Upon returning to the United States in 1920, Pelley went to Hollywood, where he became a screenwriter.  In 1933, Pelley was inspired to form a political movement and founded the Silver Legion, whose followers (known as the Silver Shirts and "Christian Patriots") wore Nazi-like silver uniforms.  The Silver Legion's emblem was a scarlet L, which was featured on their flags and uniforms.  Pelley founded chapters of the Silver Legion in almost every state in the country, and soon gained a considerable number of followers.  Pelley traveled throughout the United States and holding mass rallies, lectures, and public speeches in order to attract Americans to his organization. Pelley's political ideology essentially consisted of anti-Communism, anti-Semitism, patriotism, and isolationism.

“From authoritative source we find that President Roosevelt (F.D.R.) had 72 advisors around him of which 52 were Jewish and to make matters worse most of them were foreign born.  Statistics show that 80% of all real estate and National resources in America are owned and controlled by the Jews... 86% of the Washington officials are Jewish.“ - William Dudley Pelley – “The Hidden Empire”.

 Dr. Francis Everett Townsend (1/13, 1867–9/1, 1960) was a physician who was best known for his revolving old-age pension proposal during the Great Depression.  Known as the "Townsend Plan," this proposal influenced the establishment of the Roosevelt administration's Social Security system.

 Gerald Burton Winrod (3/7, 1900 – 11/11, 1957) was an evangelist, author, and political activist.  (age ~33 in 1933)  He headed the Defenders of the Christian Faith and published a magazine called The Defender which by some estimates had up to 125,000 readers.  The Defender was popular among Ku Klux Klan and Silver Shirt members.  His other publications were The Constitutionalist, The Revealer, and a Spanish language monthly magazine El Defensor Hispano (The Spanish Defender).  Winrod professed strongly antisemitic views, earning him the nickname "The Jayhawk Nazi" (Jayhawk is a nickname for a Kansan).  Winrod offered the following defense of his views in the introduction to his book "The Truth About the Protocols" which proclaimed the veracity of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: "After observing the title of this book, some will accuse me of being anti-Semitic.  If by this they mean that I am opposed to the Jews as a race or as a religion, I deny the allegation.  But if they mean that I am opposed to a coterie of international Jewish bankers ruling the Gentile world by the power of gold, if they mean that I am opposed to international Jewish Communism, then I plead guilty to the charge."  Winrod believed the United States to be the chosen land of God and, when the Great Depression struck, publicly stated that it was the work of Satan.  He believed Franklin D. Roosevelt was a "devil" linked with the Jewish-Communist conspiracy and that Hitler would save Europe from Communism.  He also wrote “The Jewish Assault on Christianity”, (1935) and “Adam Weishaupt, A Human Devil”.

"Judaism does not know Jesus Christ.  Judaism hates Jesus Christ.  When St. Paul was in Judaism, before he was converted to Christianity, he hated Jesus Christ and persecuted Christians and Christianity."  Paul said: "You have heard of my earlier career in Judaism - how furiously I persecuted the Church of God, and made havoc of it; and how in devotion to Judaism I out-stripped many men of may own age among my people, being far more zealous than they for the tradition of my forefathers." (Gal. 1:13, 14, Weymouth Translation)  “While in Judaism, Paul persecuted Christians because of his intense hatred for Christians and because of his conformity to the tradition of the fathers.  This shows that the Tradition of teachings of Judaism are filled with hate for Christians.   Few people know of this because they do not carefully read their Scriptures and because of the great pains which Jews have take to deceive the Christians.  Care has been exerted by the Jews to hide their economic-political conspiracy for complete world domination under high sounding words that have a "religious" ring in the ears of Christians.”

 “The same forces which crucified Christ 1900 years ago are trying to crucify His Church.  Many Christian leaders have not yet realized it, but Christianity is in the grip of a life and death struggle at the present time.  International Jewish Communism, which has already undermined all nations, firmly expects to exterminate all Christians.” - Rev. Gerald B. Winrod, “The Jewish Assault on Christianity”.

“The Pharisees represented the secret, sinister organization which existed for the purpose of opposing God and overthrowing all law and order. Out of their evil, occult program, there eventually came two documents known as the Kabbalah and the Talmud.  The Kabbalah governs the spiritual life of the Jews while the Talmud regulates things material. -Rev. Gerald B. Winrod - “The Jewish Assault on Christianity”, page 17.

 “They are Talmudists.  They follow after the Talmud which is the ‘traditions’ which Christ condemned so violently in Matthew 15.  By these ‘Traditions’ (Talmudic traditions) Jesus said that they have made the Word of God of none effect.  These traditions are the opposite of God.  They are of the devil.  Everything that God condemns in the Old Testament is made moral in the devil's religion, the traditions of men laid down in the Babylonian Talmud.  God condemns incest, sodomy, adultery, cheating, lying, stealing, and murdering in His Holy Religion of the Holy Scriptures.  But in the devil's religion as laid down in the Talmud, all these things are made moral: Incest, sodomy, Adultery, lying, cheating, stealing and murdering... in the devil's religion (the Talmudic religion) these are nice, moral, good, wholesome and very religious.   So there is a difference. The difference is so great that it is the difference of complete opposite, complete reversal. - Rev. Gordon Winrod – “The Key to Christian Understanding”, page 13.  Gerald Burton Winrod (3/7, 1900 – 11/11, 1957) was an evangelist, author, and political activist.

The Jews use such “religious” sounding words as “the Jewish faith”, ”the Jewish religion”, “Jewish spiritual values”, “Jewish morals”, “Jewish religious heritage”, “Judeo-Christian”, “Jewish religious doctrines”,  and like phrases which deceive and lead the unlearned into total equanimity.  Behind this mask of religiosity stands a complete plan for world government, world power, world conquest, a Jewish kingdom of this world, and the destruction of Christianity.  The Jews say that they believe in God.  But they do not.  If they did believe in God, they would believe in Jesus Christ. They claimed to believe in God in John 8:41, but in John 8:44 Jesus told them that their god is the devil, or as St. Paul said: “the god of this world.”  II Cor. 4:4.  Judaism is not of Christ and therefore is neither spiritual nor is it a religion.  In the strictest sense, Judaism is an economic-political system of and for this one-worldism.  Only because of the insanity-type fanaticism which possesses all Jews and only because of the facade of religiosity which serves as a cover for their conspiracy, could this system be termed, in any manner: ‘religio’.  It might then be termed a religio- economic-political Conspiracy for world power. -Rev. Gordon Winrod - “The Key to Christian Understanding”, pages 114- 115.

Otto Dickel (6/5, 1880 – 6/15, 1944) was the founder of the fascist Völkisch Work Community that existed in Germany during the Weimar Republic era.  (age ~53 in 1933)  Otto Dickel spoke of the need the creation of a Greater German nation, the revival of the German nation as well as German and Western culture and the need to abandon what he saw as a cowardly contemporary culture.  “The perfection of Western culture is imminent. The great creative spirit which smoothes its path will come because its hour approaches. It will prevail. For the German people will understand it, follow it loyally to the bitter end, because it is a healthy and vital people.  Come what may, there is one thing no one must let himself be robbed of without sacrificing himself: the faith in the German people in its world-historical task, and its fortune!” Dr. Otto Dickel, The Resurgence of the West.  He spoke of building up a classless community through national renewal, combating ‘Jewish domination’ through the struggle against ‘interest slavery’.

E Gunther Grundel wrote “The Mission of the Young Generation” in 1933:  “As bearer of the new epoch, the new type of human being means the end of the age of the property-owning bourgeois, and will once again forge links with the healthy roots of Western humanity by bringing about the great synthesis: from the knight he takes blood, from the pious medieval Christian the soul which rests in God, from the middle classes a free spirit.  The aristocrat inherited blood-and decayed once he inherited only a name.  The middle classes inherited the education of the spirit-and decayed when they inherited only money.  The new man will be the comprehensive heir of his national culture.”

Gottfried Benn (5/2, 1886– 7/7, 1956) was a German essayist, novelist, and expressionist poet.  A doctor of medicine, he became an early admirer, and later a critic, of the National Socialist revolution.  Benn had a literary influence on German verse immediately before and after Nazi Germany.  His poetry offers an introverted nihilism: an existentialist philosophy which sees artistic expression as the only purposeful action.  Hostile to the Weimar Republic, and rejecting Marxism and Americanism, Benn, like many Germans, was upset with ongoing economic and political instability, and sympathized for a short period with the Nazis as a revolutionary force.  He hoped that National Socialism would exalt his aesthetics, that Expressionism would become the official art of Germany, as Futurism had in Italy.

Hellmuth Langenbucher (7/29 1905 -5/18 1989) was a German literary scholar.  After 1933 he got the role of a "literary pope".  (age ~28 in 1933)  He is considered one of the leading Nazi Literaturgeschichtler and was one of the most influential journalists and publicists of the NSDAP.   He also wrote under the pseudonyms Walter Erich Dietmann (1932-1934, newspaper articles and reviews), Rudolf Oettinger (from 1942, without publication under that name), Hermann Engelhard (1951) and Rudolf Walter Lang (from 1968).  Since 1929, he was a member of the NSDAP in the early 1930s when he joined the Combat League for German Culture.  On 19 June 1933 he was co-founder of the Reich Agency for the Promotion of German Literature. 

Christoph Steding (2/11, 1903 -1/8 1938) was a German historian.  (age ~30 in 1933)  Steding came back to Germany in 1934, his manuscript was finally adopted in 1935, founded National Institute for the History of the New Germany (President: Walter Frank).  He wrote “The Reich, and the Illness of European Culture” 1939 [9th ]

Paul Herre (6/14, 1876 -10/6 1962) was a German historian.  After WWI, his writings, “The South Tyrol Question” (1927) and “Germany and the European Order’ (1941).

Dr. Walter Gross (10/21, 1904 – 4/25, 1945) was a German physician appointed to create the Office for Enlightenment on Population Policy and Racial Welfare.  (age ~29 in 1933)  Gross called for the expulsion of the Jews.  Gross justified the sterilization program by arguing that "unrestrained propagation among the hereditarily unfit, the mentally deficient, imbeciles and hereditary criminals, etc.," had led to a birth rate nine times greater than that of the "fitter inhabitants".  He noted that Asian nations have a long tradition of avoiding "a mingling of the blood".  He argued that Jews could not be tolerated, first as an alien race, second, as having too much financial power in Germany, and third, by associating them with Communism. 

****Other European Fascists:

 Alexander Raven Thomson (1899 – 1955) (usually known as Raven) was a leading figure in the British Union of Fascists and was considered to be the party's chief ideologue.  (age ~30 in 1933)  He has been described as the "Alfred Rosenberg of British fascism".  He became a leading authority on the works of Oswald Spengler and in 1932 published the book Civilization as Divine Superman, which rejected Spengler's theories about the decline of civilization, arguing that it could be avoided by the rejection of capitalism and its replacement with collectivism.  Thomson's political career began with him joining the Communist Party of Great Britain, although his membership did not last long as he rejected notions of historical materialism and saw himself move more towards corporatism.  He also became known as the publisher of Frederick J. Veale's Advance to Barbarism, one of the early pieces of Second World War Historical revisionism.

 Eoin O'Duffy (10/20 1892 – 11/30 1944) led the Irish Brigade to fight for Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War.  (age ~41 in 1933)  He once proclaimed himself the "third most important man in Europe" after Adolf Hitler and fellow fascist Benito Mussolini.

 Ramiro Ledesma Ramos (5/23, 1905—10/29, 1936) was a Spanish national syndicalist politician, essayist, and journalist.  (age ~28 in 1933)  Attracted to both Benito Mussolini's Corporatism, and the developing Nazi movement in Germany, he was troubled by his middle class roots, which he saw as an obstacle in reaching out to the revolutionary milieu of Spanish politics in the 1920s. A mythical figure in the propaganda of the Spanish State created by Franco, he was nonetheless viewed with suspicion by the highly influential Roman Catholic Church - which had even threatened to censor his works through the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.

 Francisco de Barcelos Rolão Preto, GCIH (2/5 1893—12/18, 1977) was a Portuguese politician, journalist, and leader of "Blue Shirts" advocating sydicalism and unionism, as opposed to the corporativist state championed by the fascists, especially Benito Mussolini's brand of Italian fascism.  (age ~40 in 1933)  His unionist platform was based on leftist ideas of social justice, such as "a minimum family wage", "paid holidays", "working class education", and a world in which workers are "guaranteed the right to happiness".  The Blue Shirts, which used the Order of Christ Cross, displayed the Roman salute, and became very popular in universities and among the youngest officers of the Portuguese Army.

 Georges Valois (real name Alfred-Georges Gressent; 1878, Paris – 1945) was a French journalist and politician.  In 1911, he created the Cercle Proudhon, a syndicalist group, and mixed Sorel's influence with the Integralism favored by Charles Maurras, and was overtly Anti Semitic.  According to historian Zeev Sternhell, this ideology was the prefiguration of Italian fascism.  After 1934, Valois founded (The New Era), to promote a post-Capitalist economy, and advertising itself as corporatist.  He took part in the Resistance during Vichy.

 Marcel Déat (3/7, 1894— 1/5, 1955) founded the collaborationist National Popular Rally (RNP) during the Vichy regime.  He was a strong supporter of Germany's occupation of northern France and anti-Semitism.  On August 6, 1942, Doriot attacked anti-Jewish policy of Marcel Deat as too moderate.

Lucien Alphonse Joseph Streel (commonly known as José Streel) (1911 - 1946) was a Belgian journalist and supporter of Rexism.  He had reservations about Nazism due to his strong Catholic faith, although he was ultimately reconciled to collaboration.

 Lauri Elias Simojoki (1/28, 1899 – 1/25, 1940) was a Finnish clergyman who became a leading figure in the country's far right movement.  He advocated the union of all Finnish people into a Greater Finland.  He became involved with the Patriotic People's Movement and, in 1933, set up their youth movement, Sinimustat (The Blue-and-Blacks), which looked for inspiration to similar movements amongst fascist parties in Germany and Italy.

 Edward Verrall Lucas (6/12, 1868 – 6/26, 1938) was a versatile and popular English writer.  E. D. Ward was a pen name. 

 Gustavs Celmin (1899-1968)  In 1933, founded the Fire Cross with the slogan “Latvia for the Latvians”.  The movement was most popular among young, urban, university-educated men.  It channeled resentment of the country’s predominance of Jews in certain professions, such as law and medicine.

 Ion I. Moţa [or Motza] (7/5, 1902—1/13, 1937) was the Romanian fascist deputy leader of the Iron Guard killed in battle during the Spanish Civil War.  Moţa met Corneliu Zelea Codreanu at a meeting of antisemitic students in August 1923.  The two formed a plan to assassinate Romanian politicians and leaders of Romanian Jewry seen as traitors and corruptors of Romanian national life.  Ion Moţa represented the Legion at the 1934 Fascist International meeting.  From 1934 through 1936, he served as a correspondent for Welt-Dienst / World-Service, an anti-Jewish publication founded by Ulrich Fleischhauer in Erfurt, Germany.  Fleischhauer was a staunch believer in the veracity of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and appeared as an "expert witness" for the pro-Nazis at the famous Berne Trial.  In late 1936, Moţa formed a Legionary unit to fight against the Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War.   A monument was erected at Majadahonda, on 13 September 1970, with support of Franco's government.

 Ferenc Szálasi (1/6 1897 – 3/12 1946) was the leader of the National Socialist Arrow Cross Party – Hungarist Movement advocating the expansion of Hungary's territory back to the borders of Greater Hungary as it was prior to the Treaty of Trianon, which in 1920 codified the reduction in the country's area by 72%.

Ossewabrandwag – Motto: “My God.  My Volk. My land Suid-Afrika”.  It was an anti-British and pro-German organization in South Africa during World War II, which opposed South African participation in the war. It was formed in Bloemfontein on 4 February 1939 by Afrikaners.  The OB was "based on the Führer-principle, fighting against the Empire, the capitalists, the communists, the Jews, the party and the system of parliamentarism ... on the base of national-socialism", according to a German secret source dated Jan. 18, 1944.  At the end of the war, the OB was absorbed into the National Party and ceased to exist as a separate body.

 Carlos Keller Rueff (1/3, 1898–2/28, 1974) was a Chilean/German writer, historian, and political figure.  Keller met Jorge González von Marées and launched the National Socialist Movement of Chile with him.  Keller saw Chilean nacismo as seeking to do away with the corruption in democracy and to oppose Americanism, and Communism .  He looked to the example of Diego Portales as a strong modernizing dictator and sought to develop Chilean economic independence through the growth of a middle class. 

 Jorge González von Marées (4/5, 1900 – 3/14, 1962) El Jefe (The chief) was a Chilean political figure and author.  He was born in Santiago of a German mother. González von Marées organized a failed coup attempt on 9/5, 1938, in which 58 young nacista members were shot to death by police, in what became known as the Seguro Obrero massacre.  He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment, but subsequently pardoned by President Aguirre.

 Plínio Salgado (1/22, 1895 – 12/8, 1975) was a Brazilian politician, writer, journalist, and theologian.  He founded and led the Brazilian Integralist Action, a far-right political party inspired on the Italian Fascist movement.  Salgado adapted virtually all Fascist symbolism – although publicly rejecting racism – such as a paramilitary organization with green-shirted uniformed ranks, highly regimented street demonstrations, and aggressive rhetoric.  The movement was directly financed, in part, by the Italian embassy.  The Roman salute was accompanied by the screaming of the Tupi word Anauê, which means "you are my brother", while the Greek letter sigma (Σ) served as the movement's official symbol.  It should be noted that even though Salgado himself was never an anti-semite, many of the party members adopted anti-semitic views.  In 1964, he was one of the speakers at the March of Family with God for Freedom rally in São Paulo against President João Goulart.  Salgado supported the 1964 coup d'état which overthrew Goulart, and with the introduction of the two-party system, he joined the National Renewal Alliance Party, obtaining two terms as a member of the Chamber, in 1966 and 1970.  In 1974, he retired from political life.

 Kenneth Lewis Roberts (12/8, 1885 – 7/21, 1957) was an author of historical novels.  He became the first American journalist to cover the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch.  Roberts' historical fiction often focused on rehabilitating unpopular persons and causes in American history.  Kenneth Roberts:  “The American nation was founded and developed by the Nordic race, but if a few more million members of the Alpine, Mediterranean and Semitic races are poured among us, the result must inevitably be a hybrid race of people as worthless and futile as the good-for-nothing mongrels of Central America and Southeastern Europe.” “Why Europe Leaves Home” 1922

 Robert Michels (1/9 1876— 5/3 1936) was a German sociologist who wrote on the political behavior of intellectual elites and contributed to elite theory.  He is best known for his book Political Parties, which contains a description of the "iron law of oligarchy."  He was a student of Max Weber, a friend and disciple of Werner Sombart and Achille Loria.  Politically, he moved from the Social Democratic Party of Germany to the Italian Socialist Party, adhering to the Italian revolutionary syndicalist wing and later to Italian Fascism, which he saw as a more democratic form of socialism.  His ideas provided the basis of moderation theory delineates the processes through which radical political groups are incorporated into the existing political system.  After World War I, he joined the Fascist Party, led by Benito Mussolini, the former leader of the Italian Socialist Party.  Michels was convinced that the direct link between Benito Mussolini's charisma and the proletariat was in some way the best means to realize a real proletarian government without political bureaucratic mediation. 

Sir Charles Alexander Petrie, 3rd Baronet (9/28 1895 – 12/13 1977) was a popular historian. He attended the 1932 Volta Conference (of fascists and sympathisers).  His 1933 book Mussolini, laudatory on the whole, was published in German in Leipzig.  He joined in 1934 the January Club of supporters of Oswald Mosley.  At the same time he remained publicly hostile towards Nazism.  He supported General Franco.

****Jew Power In Germany, Jews at 1% of the population are overrepresented in business, commerce, and public and private sectors.  In 1923, in Berlin there were 150 Jewish owned banks and only 11 gentile ones.  They owned 41% or iron and scrap iron firms and 57% of other metal businesses.  In 1928, in Berlin they were 80% of the leading members of the stock exchange.  At least 25% of university professors were Jews.  In 1905, Jews were 25% of medical and law students.  In 1931, 50% of theatre directors were Jewish and in Berlin 80%.  The Jewish Ullsteins, like the Rothschilds, had five brothers owned several newspapers, magazines, publishing companies, news services.

Still in November 1938, (after 5 years of Nazi order) Jews owned about a third of real property in the Reich.- Times correspondent Arthur Bryant

Throughout much of Austria and Central Europe the situation was similar.  After the Nazi try at expulsion, the Jews are already back and in control of European Media and Governments.  They own much land.  In modern 2010 Hungary, they own upwards of one third of the land.  Land ownership and company monopolies are easy with immoral business practices and aid from other Jews.  There is a practice of agreement within each Jewish community.

****Allied Depictions of Hitler:  Hitler was made fun of or depicted as a maniac.  There are many notable examples in contemporary Hollywood films.  Several Three Stooges (Jews) shorts, the first being You Nazty Spy (1940), the very first Hollywood work lampooning Hitler and the Nazis in which the boys, with Moe Howard portraying "Moe Hailstone", as the Hitler character, are made dictators of the fictional country Moronica.  This short in particular implies that business interests were behind Hitler's rise to power, and was said to be Moe Howard's favorite Stooges short subject.  A sequel was released a year later entitled I'll Never Heil Again.  This one illustrated the disagreements between Hitler and the League of Nations.  In other Three Stooges shorts, Hitler is referred to as "Schicklgruber" in reference to his father Alois Hitler's birth name.  (Jew) Charlie Chaplin made fun of Hitler as "Adenoid Hynkel," the world domination obsessed anti-semite dictator of Tomainia in his 1940 movie The Great Dictator, who is played by Charlie Chaplin.  This is one of the most recognizable Hitler parodies.

Hitler was caricatured in numerous animated shorts, including Der Fuehrer's Face, a 1943 Disney wartime propaganda cartoon featuring Donald Duck, and Herr Meets Hare with Bugs Bunny.  However, Hitler's first appearance on a Warner Brothers cartoon was in Bosko's Picture Show in 1932 in a short gag where Hitler is shown chasing after Jimmy Durante with an ax.  George Grosz painted Cain, or Hitler in Hell (1944) showing the dead attacking Hitler in Hell.  The photomontage artist John Heartfield made frequent use of Hitler's image as a target for his brand of barbed satire during Hitler's lifetime.  In Fritz Lang's 1941 movie Man Hunt, which opened in theaters before America's entry into the war, Hitler is seen in the scope of a British hunter's rifle.  In Ernst Lubitsch's 1942 movie To Be or Not to Be (as well as in Mel Brooks' remake in 1983), an actor from a Polish stage group impersonates Hitler to enable the escape of the troupe to England.  In the opening scenes of Citizen Kane (1941), Charles Foster Kane is described and shown as supporting, then denouncing Hitler.

Apart from Hollywood films, Hitler was the subject for several comic book superheroes who battled Hitler directly or indirectly in comics.   Superheroes that fought Hitler include Superman, Captain America, The Shield, and Namor the Sub-Mariner.  The first Captain America comic showed Captain America hitting Hitler on the jaw.  Captain America's archenemy, Red Skull, was established as being an apprentice to Hitler himself.  In Superman vol 1 #15 the dictator Razan appeared, who attempted to invade a nearby democratic nation.  Superman defeated his army, and Razan was shot while tryng to escape.

Hitler was mocked in satirical folk songs such as "Stalin Wasn't Stallin'" or when new lyrics were created to old songs such as "Hitler Has Only Got One Ball" (to the tune of the "Colonel Bogey March").

 Hans Grimm (3/22, 1875 – 9/29, 1959) was a German writer.  Although Grimm’s South African sojourn lasted only fourteen years, from 1897 to 1911, it had a profound effect on him: with few minor exceptions all his literary work - several collections of short stories and novels - is set in Southern Africa.  His most famous novel is Volk ohne Raum (1926). The programmatic title "A people without space" indicates Grimm's belief that Germany's problems, exacerbated by defeat in the First World War, were caused by its lack of space at home or in overseas colonies: individuals, and therefore the nation, were unable to develop to their fullest potential.  The novel established him as one of Germany’s leading writers and demonstrated clearly his political sympathies with the political Right in Weimar Germany, and the title became a popular slogan of the National Socialist movement.  The commercial success of this work – sales of the single volume edition amounted to 500,000 by 1943 - clearly shows the extent to which it struck a chord with German readers in the 1920s and 1930s.  Even after 1945, Grimm in a response to the Archbishop of Canterbury, he described WWII as an attempt to defend "European Culture" against Communism and blames Great Britain for escalating a local conflict into a global war.  In 1954, he published a detailed defense of National Socialism under the title (Why, whence, but whither?).  "I witness with awe and admiration, that he, as nearly the first in the world, caused multitudes without force or any personal benefits to follow him of their own free will and volition."

 Theodor Heuss (1/31 1884 – 12/12 1963) was a German politician and served as the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1959.  He was a member of parliament in the Reichstag from 1924 to 1928 and from 1930 to 1933.  "He(Hitler) moved souls, the will to sacrifice, and great devotion, enthralling and enthusiastically inspiring everyone by his appearance."

Viscount Rothermere: "He has a supreme intellect. I have known only two other men to whom I could apply such distinction - Lord Northcliffe and Lloyd George.  If one puts a question to Hitler, he gives an immediate, brilliant clear answer.  There is no human being living whose promise on important matters I would trust more readily.  He believes that Germany has a divine calling and that the German people are destined to save Europe from the revolutionary attacks of Communism. He values family life very highly, whereas Communism is its worst enemy.  He has thoroughly cleansed the moral, ethical life of Germany, forbidden publication of obscene books, and performance of questionable plays and films.

No words can describe his politeness; he disarms men as well as women and can win both at any time with his conciliatory, pleasant smile.  He is a man of rare culture. His knowledge of music, the arts and architecture is profound." - 'Warnings and Predictions', p.180 – 183

James Louis Garvin (4/12, 1868 – 1/23, 1947), was an influential British journalist, editor, and author.  In 1908 Garvin agreed to take over the editorship of the historic Sunday newspaper The Observer.  In 1914, though a fan of German culture, Garvin was alarmed by the growing challenge the country posed to Britain in international politics.   Despite his bitterness towards the Germans, Garvin believed in the need for a just settlement of the war.  When the punitive terms of the Treaty of Versailles were published, he denounced it in an editorial as leaving the Germans "no real hope except in revenge."  He became an advocate of appeasement, both of Hitler in order to buy time for rearmament, and Benito Mussolini in an effort to win the Italian leader's support for an alliance.  Saddened by the outbreak of war in September 1939, Garvin nonetheless was a strong supporter of the war effort.   The Observer: "I have talked with the humblest type of laborers, with merchants, professional men. I have yet to discover a dissenting voice to the question of loyalty to the Fuehrer." - John L. Garvin.

The Silver Legion of America, commonly known as the Silver Shirts, was an American fascist organization founded by William Dudley Pelley on January 30, 1933, coincidentally, the same day Adolf Hitler, whom Pelley admired, took power in Germany.  The Silver Legion’s emblem was a scarlet 'L'.  It stood for Loyalty to the American Republic, Liberation from materialism and, of course, the Silver Legion itself.  By 1934, the Silver Shirts had about 15,000 members.  The movement's strength dwindled after 1934.

Houston Stewart Chamberlain: "At one stroke you have transformed the state of my soul. That Germany in the greatest hour of its need can produce a Hitler testifies to its vitality."

The Daily Mail: "He succeeded in ascending to the highest power-position in Germany with very little spilling of blood or loss of human life in a land of 68 million inhabitants. Austria was annexed without one shot being fired." - Daily Mail, 20th, May, 1938

George Bernard Shaw: "When I said that Herr Hitler's action was right and inevitable, the storm of abuse that was about to bust on me was suddenly checked by Mr. Lloyd George saying exactly the same thing.  It is inconceivable that a single vote should be cast against him."

Adolf is a name used in German-speaking countries, in Scandinavia, in the Netherlands and Flanders and to a lesser extent in various Central European countries.  The name is derived from noble and wolf.  The use of Adolf as a given name has drastically declined following Hitler.  Adolf gained very high popularity during the Nazi era.  The common French version, Adolphe has virtually disappeared, as well as Adolfo, the Italian version.  However, the Spanish Adolfo is still in common use in Spanish-speaking countries.

  Adolf Hitler was personally a well-liked man.  He was a conversationalist on many intellectual and casual subjects.  Women enjoyed him as well and he had many love interests, but did not want to marry as he wanted to be considered married to Germany.  One love interest, besides the well know Eva Braun, was Maria Reiter:

 Maria Reiter (12/23, 1911 – 1992), known as "Mimi" or "Mitzi", was associated romantically with Adolf Hitler in the late 1920s.  According to Reiter's own account, the 37-year-old Hitler became friendly with the 16-year-old girl, and asked her out (not uncommon!).  They became engaged, but after Hitler busily ignored her for months, she plunged into depression and attempted to hang herself.  After this episode, Reiter gave up on Hitler and married a local hotelkeeper. The marriage was not a success, however, and in 1931 Reiter left her husband.  After a visit from Rudolf Hess convinced her of Hitler's continuing interest in her, she traveled to Munich to see Hitler once more.  Hitler suggested that she remain in Munich as his lover, but Reiter wanted marriage.  Hitler was concerned that a relationship with a woman who had left her husband would be politically damaging to him, so the couple parted.  In 1934, after Hitler's rise to power, Reiter met him once more and he again asked her to become his lover.  Again she refused.  This led to an argument in which Hitler reiterated that he could not marry or have children because he had a "big mission" to fulfill.  In 1936, she married an SS officer and Hitler congratulated them.  Their last meeting was in 1938, when, according to Reiter, Hitler expressed dissatisfaction with his relationship with Eva Braun.  Her husband was killed in 1940 during the Battle of Dunkirk, after which Hitler sent Reiter 100 red roses.  The details of Reiter's story about their physical relationship cannot be confirmed, though the fact that Hitler was in love with her was asserted by his sister Paula.

Hitler wasn’t a total vegetarian." On page 89 of "The Gourmet Cooking School Cookbook" (1964), Dione Lucas, recalling her pre-World War II stint as a hotel chef in Hamburg, Germany, states: "I do not mean to spoil your appetites for stuffed squab, but you might be interested to know that it was a great favorite with Mr. Hitler, who dined at the hotel often.  Let us not hold that against a fine recipe though."  A squab is a young domestic pigeon or its meat.  The meat is widely described as tasting like dark chicken.

 Hitler’s Mustache (toothbrush moustache) The style originally became popular in America in the late 19th century.  It was a neat, uniform, low-maintenance style that echoed the standardization and uniformity brought on by industrialization, in contrast to the more flamboyant moustaches typical of the 19th century such as the Imperial, Walrus, Handlebar, Horseshoe, Pencil and Fantastico moustaches.  Adolf Hitler's appearance was so defined by the toothbrush the style would become largely unfashionable after WWII.  The style was introduced in Germany in the late 19th century by visiting Americans.  Prior to the toothbrush the most popular style was called the Kaiser moustache, perfumed and turned up at the ends, as worn by the royalty of Germany and Austria.  By 1907 enough Germans were wearing the new trimmed down and simple toothbrush moustache to elicit notice by the New York Times.  The toothbrush was taken up by German folk hero Hans Koeppen in the famous 1908 New York to Paris Race, cementing its popularity among young gentry.  Hitler originally wore the Kaiser moustache.  Notable people with a toothbrush moustache: Charlie Chaplin; Julius Streicher; Robert Mugabe; Yitzhak Shamir (Israeli Premier); Ernst Röhm; Heinrich Himmler; many other international figures as well.

Extras: Nazi Rallies were inspired by Harvard Cheerleaders; Hitler was an accomplished whistler and could even reproduce long passages from Wagner with incredible accuracy.; Hitler was a lifelong fan of movies and regularly held private screenings for his inner circle.  His favorite actresses were Greta Garbo and Shirley Temple.  He didn’t care for Charlie Chaplin (the Jew).; Hitler regularly ate up to two pounds of chocolate a day, in addition to pastries and hot chocolate.  He generally took his tea with seven teaspoons of sugar.

Adolf Hitler refused to be subsidized by the State and his income was derived from his own writings.  Hitler lived simply, but died wealthy with his own wealth intermixed with state possessions.  He received no state income. He received great income, possibly $60 million from the sale of his books.  Communities would buy these books for every married couple.  He also spent millions, in lavish gifts and payments.  In the development of his summer residence at Obersalzberg, above Berchtesgaden in Bavaria, or in the development of his own art collection, Hitler freely used state funds.  Nor did he pay taxes on his income or his property, meaning that there was no overall accounting of his worth. In addition, Hitler's friend and photographer Heinrich Hoffmann had the sole copyright on official portraits of Hitler, which were used in government offices and on postage stamps.  This is not unlike many “democratically” elected leaders.  He did eat and dress rather simply and did not splurge on private luxuries.

A polymath (having learned much), sometimes (if male) referred to as a Renaissance Man, is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas.  In less formal terms, a polymath may simply be someone who is very knowledgeable.  Most ancient scientists were polymaths by today's standards.  The term was first used in the seventeenth century but the related term, polyhistor, is an ancient term with similar meaning.  "I am what I have always been - the last Renaissance man, if I may be allowed to say so." - Goering.  Hitler was also a Renaissance man!

"While resisting the Jew, I fight for the work of the Lord." - Hitler

Third Reich Chancellors:  Adolf Hitler 1/30, 1933-4/30, 1945.  Führer und Reichskanzler (Head of State and Government) from August 2 1934;  Joseph Goebbels 4/30 1945-5/1 1945 appointed Chancellor in Hitler's will and testament; committed suicide the following day.  German Workers' Party (Cabinet nominated in Hitler's testament but never convened): Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (1887-1977) (leading minister) 5/2 1945-5/23 1945 Leading minister at Flensburg; sought a truce with the Western Allies. Arrested; government dissolved.

The Germans had a traditional of Monarchy.  Hitler followed the strength of his predecessor Chancellors and strengthened it further.  Yet he was surrounded by strong mission-minded men and was willing to  relinquish power for a future leader.  Many monarchist-leaning Germans supported him. 

 A Monarchy is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in a single individual (the monarch).   When the monarch has no or few legal restraints in state and political matters, it is called an absolute monarchy and is a form of autocracy.  Cases in which the monarch's discretion is formally limited (most common today) are called constitutional monarchies. In hereditary monarchies, the office is passed through inheritance within a family group, whereas elective monarchies are selected by some system of voting.  Benefits: 1.Consistency - Instead of party bickering; 2.Economic growth – Centrally-controlled; 3.Decisiveness; 4.Unity.  Monarchism is a system based on the belief that political power should be concentrated in one person who rules by decree.  A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government, independent from the person, the monarch.  An Autocracy is a system of government in which a supreme political power is concentrated in the hands of one person.  Both totalitarianism and military dictatorship are often identified with, but need not be, autocracy. Totalitarianism is a system where the state strives to control ‘every’(?) aspect of life and civil society.  It can be headed by a supreme dictator, making it autocratic, but it can have a collective leadership such as a commune or soviet.  Because autocrats need a power structure to rule, it can be difficult to draw a clear line between historical autocracies and oligarchies.  Most historical autocrats depended on their nobles, the military, the priesthood or other elite groups.

Prussian Nobility / Junkers (often pejorative derived from "young lord").  As part of the nobility, many Junker families only had prepositions such as von or zu before their family names without further ranks.  A good number of poor Junkers took up careers as soldiers, mercenaries and officials at the court of territorial princes.  These families were mostly part of the German medieval Uradel (nobility) and had carried on the colonization and Christianization of the northeastern European territories during the Ostsiedlung (German eastward expansion).  Over the centuries, they had become influential commanders and landowners, especially in the lands east of the Elbe River in the Kingdom of Prussia.  As landed aristocrats, the Junkers owned most of the arable land in Prussia.  Being the bulwark of the ruling House of Hohenzollern, the Junkers controlled the Prussian Army, leading in political influence and social status, and owning immense estates, especially in the north-eastern half of Germany.  This was in contrast to the predominantly Catholic southern states, where land was owned by small farms.  Since the Junker estates were necessarily inherited by the elder son alone, younger sons, all well educated and with a sense of noble ancestry, turned to the civil and military services, and dominated all higher civil offices, as well as the officer corps.  Their political influence extended from the German Empire of 1871–1918 through the Weimar Republic of 1919–1933.  It was said that "if Prussia ruled Germany, the Junkers ruled Prussia, and through it the Empire itself."  They supported monarchism and military traditions.

However, Hitler mostly ignored the Junkers as a whole during his time in power, taking no action against them and no action in their favor.  After WW II, during the communist (land reform) of September 1945 in the Soviet Occupation Zone, later East Germany, all private property exceeding an area of 100 hectares (250 acres) was nationalized and redistributed to ("publicly owned estates").  After German reunification, some Junkers tried to regain their former estates through civil lawsuits.  Other families, however, have quietly purchased or leased back their ancestral homes from the current owners.

  Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor

Jan 30 - Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany.  Hitler becomes Savior of Europe for stopping the Red butcher revolutions.  Taken objectively, Hitler is a great Statesman and a Man of Peace.  He only wanted minor national boundary line changes to include all Germans as in the former Bismarck Reich.  Britain and Russia force war upon him.  Throughout the years of his administration there are numerous overtures of peace, but Britain does not want this continental economic competition.  Between this time and August 1934, Hitler shared power with President von Hindenburg.   Adolf Hitler did not take power but became Chancellor as a result of free elections.  Social-Democrat Friedrich Ebert, in 1923, under the rules laid down by the Weimar constitution succeeded in having the government give him full powers.

This is the ultimate peaceful revolution, unlike the bloody French or Russian and even the British and American.  Not more than about 500 people lost their lives in a dozen years, mostly Nazi and Communist members in street fighting.

The German National Socialists rose during a time of huge unemployment and high inflation.  They had been confronted with the specter of Communist populism and adopted many policies which took the fight out of the Communists, much like Bismarck did 60 years earlier.

**** The Reich Cabinet.  Contrary to Western Propaganda, Hitler was no Dictator, he was a Leader.  Responsibilities lay with Cabinet ministers.

The Ordinary Cabinet. 30 January 1933, 10 ministries: Foreign Affairs (von Neurath);   Interior (Frick);    Finance (Graf Schwerin von Krosigk);    Economy;   Food and Agriculture (Dr. Hugenberg);   Labor (Seldte);    Justice (Gurtner);   Defense Minister (von Blomberg);    Postmaster General;   and Transportation (Freiherr von Eltz-Ruebanach)."   In addition, Goering attended as Reichs Minister (he held no portfolio at that time) and Reichs Commissar for Aviation. Dr. Perecke attended as Reich Commissar for Procurement of Labor.  Two state secretaries were present-Dr. Lammers of the Chancellery and Dr. Meissner of the Presidential Chancellery.  In addition, Funk was present as Press Chief, and von Papen was present as Deputy of the Chancellor and Commissar for the State of Prussia.  The post of vice-chancellor was dropped or renamed as Deputy of the Fuehrer.

 Wilhelm Frick (3/12, 1877 – 10/16, 1946) was a prominent German Nazi official serving as Minister of the Interior of the Third Reich.   Frick was appointed as Reich Minister of the Interior in 1933.  He was one of only three Nazis in the original Hitler Cabinet.  Frick was replaced by Himmler as interior minister in 1943.  (age ~56 in 1933)  He had been an early Nazi.

On March 13, 1933, the Ministry of Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda (original meaning) was created with Paul Josef Goebbels. [the word propaganda is related to teaching, can be used in positive or negative sense.)  On May 5, 1933 the Ministry of Air (Hermann Goering), on May 1, 1934 the Ministry of Education (Bernhard Rust), and on July 16, 1935 the Ministry for Church Affairs (Hans Kerrl) offices were created.  On March 17, 1940 the Ministry of Armaments and Munitions was established (Dr. Fritz Todt until Speer succeeded him.)  On July 17, 1941, the Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories was created with Alfred Rosenberg.

 Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also spelled Goering) (1/12, 1893– 10/15, 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party.  (age ~40 in 1933)  Among many offices, he was Hitler's designated successor, and commander of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force).  He was a veteran of the First World War as an ace fighter pilot, and a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite ("The Blue Max").  He was the last commander of Jagdgeschwader 1, the air squadron of Manfred von Richthofen, "The Red Baron".

 Dr. Bernhard Rust (9/30, 1883 — 5/8, 1945) was Minister of Science, Education and National Culture.  (age ~50 in 1933)  He was a Doctor in German philology and philosophy.  He had become a Nazi in 1922.

 Hanns Kerrl (12/11, 1887 – 12/12, 1941) was a German Nazi politician.  (age ~46 in 1933)  His most prominent position, from July 1935, was that of Reichsminister of Church Affairs.  He stated "Positive Christianity is National Socialism." He also asked most of the Protestant pastors to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler.  Kerrl maintained that Christianity provided an essential foundation for Nazi ideology and that the two forces had to be reconciled.  Increasingly marginalized by Hitler, who did not even grant him a personal conversation, Kerrl became desperate and embittered.  A completely powerless minister, he died in office.  Hitler did not appoint a successor.  He became a Nazi in 1933.

 Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath (2/2, 1873 – 8/14, 1956) was German Foreign minister of Germany between 1932 and 1938. Over Neurath was replaced with Joachim von Ribbentrop.  Neurath served as "Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia" between 1939 and 1943, but after being sidelined for SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich his authority became nominal.  He was tried as war criminal in Nuremberg and sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment for his compliance and actions in the Nazi regime.  He was not a Nazi member until 1937.

 Lutz von Krosigk (Johann Ludwig Graf Schwerin von Krosigk) (8/22, 1887 – 3/4, 1977) was a German jurist and senior government official who served as Minister of Finance of Germany from 1932 to 1945.  A non-partisan moderate conservative, he was appointed to the post by Franz von Papen in 1932.  At the request of President Paul von Hindenburg, he continued in that office under Kurt von Schleicher and Adolf Hitler. During May 1945, he also served in the historically unique position of Leading Minister of the German Reich, the equivalent of a Chancellorship, in the short-lived Flensburg government of President Karl Dönitz.  Besides Hitler, he and Frick were the only members of the Third Reich's cabinet to serve to the end, despite not being a Nazi Party member himself.  

  Kurt Paul Schmitt (10/7, 1886 11/2, 1950) was a German economic leader and the Reich Economy Minister.  On 12/18, 1932 he participated in a meeting of the Circle of Friends of the Economy, where the Nazi Party agreed to lend its support. Schmitt now had closer relations with the Nazi leadership and on 2/20, 1933, he, along with Hermann Göring, took part in a meeting that Adolf Hitler had with German industrialists.  In early 1933, Schmitt joined the Nazi Party.  He likewise took over the posts of Vice President of the Berlin Chamber of Industry and of the Chamber of Commerce in 1933.  On 6/30, 1933, Schmitt was appointed Reich Economy Minister, succeeding Alfred Hugenberg. Schmitt never became a Nazi.

 Franz Seldte (6/29, 1882 – 4/1, Apil 1947) was cofounder of the German Stahlhelm paramilitary organization, a Nazi politician, and Minister for Labor of the German Reich from 1933 to 1945.  On 4/27, 1933, he joined the Nazi party.

 the Reich Labor Leader; Konstantin Hierl (2/24, 1875 – 9/23, 1955) was the head of the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD).  In 1929 he joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and became a member of the Reichstag parliament upon the federal election of 1930.  Adolf Hitler named him as State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Labor under Franz Seldte, with the order to built up a powerful labor service organization.  Facing Minister Seldte's resistance, Hierl in 1934 switched to the Reich Ministry of the Interior under Wilhelm Frick in the rank of a Reichskommissar.  On 7/11, 1934, the NSAD was renamed the Reichsarbeitsdienst or RAD (State Labor Service) which Hierl would control as its chief until the end of WW II.  

 Franz Gürtner (8/26, 1881 – 1/29, 1941) was a German Minister of Justice, responsible for coordinating jurisprudence in the Third Reich.  After serving as Minister of Justice in the cabinets of Papen and Kurt von Schleicher, Gürtner was retained by Hitler in his post.  He was a non-Nazi conservative.  (and did become a member?)

 Karl Wilhelm Ohnesorge (6/8, 1872 – 2/1, 1962) was from 1937 to 1945, he was the Minister of the Reichspost, the German postal service, having succeeded Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach as minister.  Along with his ministerial duties, Ohnesorge also significantly delved into research relating to propagation and promotion of the Nazi Party through the radio, and the development of a proposed German atomic bomb.  He had become a Nazi in the 1920’s.

  Peter Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach (2/9, 1875 – 8/25, 1943) was Minister of Mail and Minister of Transport of Germany between 1932 and 1937.  As a nonpartisan he had been appointed Reich Minister for both Transport and Postal Affairs in Chancellor Franz von Papen's "cabinet of barons" on 6/1, 1932.  He retained the posts under Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher and Adolf Hitler.  In the course of the rising conflict between the Nazi government and the Catholic Church, Eltz-Rübenach, a devout Catholic, in a cabinet meeting on 1/30, 1937 rejected the Golden Party Badge personally offered by Hitler and resigned.  

Dr. Perecke attended as Reich Commissar for Procurement of Labor. 

  Dr.jur. Hans Heinrich Lammers (5/27, 1879 – 1/4, 1962) was a German jurist and prominent Nazi politician. From 1933 until 1945 he served as head of the Reich Chancellery under Adolf Hitler. Joined 1932

 Dr. Meissner of the Presidential Chancellery.    Otto Lebrecht Eduard Meissner (3/13, 1880– 5/27, 1953) was head of the Office of the President of Germany during the entire period of the Weimar Republic under Friedrich Ebert and Paul von Hindenburg and, finally, at the beginning of the Nazi era under Adolf Hitler.  When Hitler fused the functions of Head of State (here, the President) and the Head of Government (the Chancellery) in 1934, Meissner's office was renamed the "Presidential Chancellery" and restricted in its responsibilities to representative and formal matters.  In 1937, Meissner was appointed to the newly-created position of "State Minister of the Rank of a Federal Minister and Chief of the Presidential Chancellery of the Führer and Chancellor."  After the War, in July 1947, he appeared as a character witness for the accused former State Secretary Franz Schlegelberger.  In 1949, he was finally prosecuted himself in the Wilhelmstrasse Trial, but the court acquitted him on 4/14.  Two years later, in May 1949, he was accused again, in Munich, and adjudged a fellow traveler.  His appeal was turned down, but the proceedings called to a halt in January, 1952.  In 1950, Meissner published a memoir covering his unusual bureaucrat's career in a book entitled State Secretary under Ebert, Hindenburg and Hitler.  The writer was Hans-Otto Meissner (1909–1992), his son.  Meissner, who lived with his family in the palace of the German President between 1929 and 1939, undoubtedly enjoyed major influence upon the Presidents, especially Hindenburg.  Together with Kurt von Schleicher and a few others, Meissner, in the years 1929 and 1930, furthered the dissolution of the parliamentary system by means of a civil presidential cabinet.  His role in the appointment of Hitler to Chancellor in the period of December 1932 until January 1933 remains a controversy among historians.  

 Walther Funk (8/18, 1890 – 5/31, 1960) was a journalist and prominent Nazi official who served as Reich Minister for Economic Affairs from 1937 to 1945 replacing Hjalmar Schacht.  Funk, who was a nationalist and anti-Marxist, resigned from the newspaper in the summer of 1931 and joined the Nazi Party, becoming close to Gregor Strasser, who arranged his first meeting with Adolf Hitler.  In January 1939, Hitler appointed Funk as President of the Reichsbank, again replacing Schacht.

  Franz von Papen (Lt-Col Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen zu Köningen)  (10/29, 1879 – 5/2, 1969) was a German nobleman, General Staff officer and right-wing politician. He served as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under Adolf Hitler in 1933–1934.  He belonged to the group of close advisers to President Paul von Hindenburg in the late Weimar Republic.  It was largely Papen, believing that Hitler could be controlled once he was in the government, who persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor in a cabinet not under Nazi Party domination.  Papen toyed with the idea of betraying Hitler by ousting him from the cabinet, and becoming chancellor himself. The post of vice-chancellor was dropped or renamed as Deputy of the Fuehrer.  At the formation of Hitler's cabinet on 30 January, the Nazis had three cabinet posts—Hitler, Hermann Göring and Wilhelm Frick—to the conservatives' eight. The only Nazi besides Hitler to have an actual portfolio was Frick, who held the then-powerless interior ministry. Additionally, as part of the deal that allowed Hitler to become chancellor, Papen was granted the right to sit in on every meeting between Hitler and Hindenburg.  He became a Nazi in 1933.

 Fritz Todt (9/4, 1891 – 2/8, 1942) was a German engineer who joined the Nazi party in 1922, was the Minister of Armaments and Munitions. On 2/8, 1942, while flying away from the conclusion of a meeting with Hitler at the ("Wolf's Lair"), his aircraft exploded and crashed.  He was succeeded as Reichsminister by Albert Speer, who had narrowly missed being on the same aircraft.  The Reich Air Ministry enquiry into the plane accident, Speer said ended with "The possibility of sabotage is ruled out.  Further measures are therefore neither requisite nor intended".  Speer thought this wording was "curious".

Herman Göring was also the Reich Forest Master; Göring was appointed Reich Master of the Hunt in 1933 and Master of the German Forests in 1934.  He instituted reforms to the forestry laws and acted to protect endangered species.  The Inspector General for Water and Power; Todt had frequently clashed with Goering, but he enjoyed the high respect of Hitler who made him Inspector-General of roads, water and power in 1941.

The Cabinet also contained other functionaries, such as State Ministers acting as Reich Ministers.  Only two persons fell within this category -- the Chief of the Presidential Chancellery, Otto Meissner, and the State Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Karl Hermann Frank.  

During the years 1933 to 1945, one ministry was dropped the Ministry of Defense (later called War).  This took place on 4 February 1938, when Hitler took over command of the whole Armed Forces.  At the same time he created the office of the "Chief of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces" held by Keitel.

In addition to the heads of departments mentioned above, the ordinary cabinet also contained Reich Ministers without portfolio.  Among these were Frank, Seyss-Inquart, Schacht (after he left the Economics Ministry), and von Neurath (after he was replaced as Ministry of the Interior).  Other positions also formed an integral part of the cabinet.  Those were the Deputy of the Fuehrer, Hess, and later his successor, the Leader of the Party Chancellery, Bormann; the Chief of Staff of the SA, Ernst Roehm, for the seven months prior to his assassination; the Chief of the Reich Chancellery, Lammers; and, as already mentioned, the Chief of the OKW, Keitel.   These men had either the title or rank of Reich Minister.

The Cabinet also contained other functionaries, such as State Ministers acting as Reich Ministers.  Only two persons fell within this category -- the Chief of the Presidential Chancellery, Otto Meissner, and the State Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Karl Hermann Frank.   In addition, as named in the Indictment, the ordinary cabinet included "others entitled to take part in Cabinet meetings".   Many governmental agencies were created by the Nazis between the years 1933 and 1945, but the peculiarity of these creations was that in most instances the new officials were given the right to participate in cabinet meetings.   Among those entitled to take part in Cabinet meetings were the Commanders in Chief of the Army and the Navy; the Reich Forest Master; the Inspector General for Water and Power; the Inspector General of German Roads; the Reich Labor Leader; the Reich Youth Leader; the Chief of the Foreign Organization in the Foreign Office; the Reichsfuehrer SS and Chief of the German Police in the Reich Ministry of the Interior; the Prussian Finance Minister; and the Cabinet Press Chief.

On February 4, 1938, Hitler created the Inner Cabinet Council.  "To advise me in conducting the foreign policy I am setting up a secret cabinet council.” -Freiherr von Neurath, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Hermann Goering, Rudolf Hess, Dr. Joseph Goebbels, Dr. Hans-Heinrich Lammers, General Walther von Brauchitsch (Army), Grand Admiral Dr. Erich Raeder (Navy), Lt Gen Wilhelm Keitel." (Chief of Armed Forces)

On August 30, 1939 Hitler established the War Cabinet. Standing members Goering, Hess, Frick, Funk, Lammers, Keitel.

The Jew-led Communist parties of Europe with their well-sounding answers for the downtrodden and poor masses were pre-empted by the true democratic Nazi policies:

 **** The 10 PLANKS stated in the Communist Manifesto:

1. Abolition of private property and the application of all rents of land to public purposes. ---Prussia was 95% owned by 200 Prussian nobles.  The Nazi party left generous land to these nobles, but confiscated much of the land to small acre farms.  Many at that time equated Hitler with Thomas Jefferson.

2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax. ---Germany like US had income tax which has since been highly inflated.  What is wrong with a graduated tax?  In the current US, (only?) 43% of the elite have completely inherited income, most of the rest of them through skullduggery.

3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance. ---Germany kept farmland specifically within families with guarantees.  Germany also granted property loans which were forgiven 25% for each child.  With the births of four children, one’s property was free.

4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. ---Of course, Germany did this, especially with laws against speculation and against the new bought German land which had been bought up during the Depression era from foreign owners.

5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly. ---Germany had centralization, but the big difference was that Capital was based on labor, not currency and international influences were curtailed.  There was international barter and NO Debt to international bankers.

6. Centralization of the means of communications and transportation in the hands of the State. ---Germany was in the forefront of the Interstate Highway system with the Autobon.  Hitler also designed the Volkswagon, made it cheap so that everyone could have one.  Cheap cultural entertainment was also offered as were cheap vacations.

7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the state, the bringing into cultivation of waste lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan. ---Germany left factories in private hands and rewarded private initiative.  Employers and employees were brought into one association so there was constant mediation of grievances and profit sharing.  Many social niceties were brought into the employment place.  The people were trying to work as a community and the head CEO had a salary only 6-8 times the salary as the lowest worker.

8. Equal liability of all to labor. There was establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture. --–The Nazis adopted plans that parallel those of Roosevelt and Mussolini.  Armies of unemployed were employed by the State (the expenditures which were the natural rate of the growth of GNP) for many infrastructure programs, including agricultural preparation of farmland and highways.

9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries, gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country, by a more equitable distribution of population over the country. --– It had some state guidance, much like the US, not at all like the structured plans of the Soviets.  Private property and initiative still was supreme.

10. Free education for all children in public schools.  Children's factory labor was abolished and industrial/ technical school was offered to High School students.  This was much like the US.  Schools are vulnerable to state policies.  Currently in the US, schools are taught a Jewish, Marxist multiculturalism.  Germany tried to limit these materialistic directions.

  **** Blood and Soil refers to an ideology that focuses on ethnicity based on two factors, descent (Blood (of a folk)) and homeland/Heimat (Soil).  It celebrates the relationship of a people to the land they occupy and cultivate, and it places a high value on the virtues of rural living.  The German expression was coined in the late 19th century, in tracts espousing racialism and national romanticism.  It produced a regionalist literature, with some social criticism.

 Richard Walther Darré (7/14, 1895 – 9/5, 1953) was an SS-Obergruppenführer and one of the leading Nazi "blood and soil" ideologists.  He served as Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture from 1933 to 1942.  (age ~38 in 1933)  The essence of the theory was the mutual and long-term relationship between a people and the land that it occupies and cultivates.  His first political article in 1926 was on the subject of Internal Colonization, which argued against Germany attempting to regain lost colonies.  Most of his writing at this time, however, was on technical aspects of animal breeding.  His first book, ('Peasantry as the life-source of the Nordic Race'), was written in 1928.  He advocated more natural methods of land management, placing great emphasis on the conservation of forests, and demanded more open space and air in the raising of farm animals.  Dárre was non-Christian accusing (perceived) Christianity, with its "teaching of the equality of men before God," to have "deprived the Teutonic nobility of its moral foundations", the "innate sense of superiority over the nomadic tribes".   He campaigned for big landowners to part with some of their land to create new farms, and promoted inheritance laws to prevent splitting up of farms into smaller units.  He was also instrumental in reclaiming land from the North Sea.  He played a leading part in setting up the SS Race and Resettlement (!) Office and promoted positive Eugenics.  Darré resigned in 1942.  His theories are still inspiring to those believe in the decadence of urban life and the nobility of self-sufficiency.  His two main writings were "The Peasantry as Life Source of the Nordic Race"(1928) and "A New Nobility of Blood and Soil"(1934).  Also wrote “Pig as Criterion for Nordic Peoples and Semites” (1933).

Richard Walther Darré popularized the phrase “Blood and Soil” at the time of the rise of Nazi Germany; he wrote a book called (A New Aristocracy Based On Blood And Soil) in 1930, which proposed a systemic eugenics program, arguing for breeding as a cure-all for all the problems plaguing the state.  Darré was an influential member of the Nazi party and a noted race theorist who assisted the party greatly in gaining support among common Germans outside the cities. Prior to their ascension to power, Nazis called for a return from the cities to the countryside.

The State Hereditary Farm Law of 1933, implemented this ideology, stating that its aim was to: "preserve the farming community as the blood-source of the German people".  Selected lands were declared hereditary, to pass from father to eldest son, and could not be mortgaged or alienated, and only these farmers were entitled to call themselves Bauen or "farmer peasant", a term the Nazis attempted to refurbish to a positive term.  It was one of the foundations of the concept of Lebensraum, "living space".  It not only called for a "back to the land" approach and re-adoption of rural values, it held that German land was bound, perhaps mystically, to German blood.  Peasants were the cultural heroes, who held charge of German racial stock and German history.  It contributed to the Nazi ideal of a woman: a sturdy peasant, who worked the land and bore strong children, contributing to praise for athletic women tanned by outdoor work.  Carl Schmitt argued that a people would develop laws appropriate to its "blood and soil" because authenticity required loyalty to the Volk over abstract universals.

Neues Volk displayed demographic charts to deplore the destruction of the generous Aryan families' farmland and how the Jews were eradicating traditional German peasantry.  Posters for school depicted and deplored the flight of people from the countryside to the city.  The concept was a factor in the requirement of a year of land service for members of Hitler Youth and the League of German Girls.  This period of compulsory service was required after completion of a student's basic education, before he or she could engage in advanced studies or become employed.  Although working on a farm was not the only approved form of service, it was a common one; the aim was to bring young people back from the cities, in the hope that they would then stay "on the land".  In 1942, 600,000 boys and 1.4 million girls were sent to help bringing in the harvest.

The program received far more ideological and propaganda support than concrete changes.  When Gottfried Feder tried to settle workers in villages about decentralized factories, generals and Junkers successfully opposed him.  Generals objected because it interfered with rearmament, and Junkers because it would prevent their exploiting their estates for the international market.  While discussing the question of Lebensraum to the east, Hitler envisioned a Ukranian "breadbasket" Republic and expressed particular hostility to its "Russian" cities as hotbeds of Communism, forbidding Germans to live in them. 

Prior to the Nazi take-over, two popular genres were the Heimat-Roman, or regional novel, and Schollen-Roman, or novel of the soil, which was also known as Blut-und-Boden.  This literature was vastly increased, the term being contract to a slogan "Blu-Bo", and developed a mysticism of unity.  It also combined with war literature with the figure of the soldier-peasant, uncontaminated by the city.  These books were generally set in the nominal past, but through their invocation of the passing of the seasons often gave them an air of timelessness.  "Blood and soil" novels and theater celebrated the farmer's life and human fertility, often mystically linking them. 

The children's book Der Giftpilz told of the Talmud describing farming as the most lowly of occupations.  It also included an account of a Jewish financier forcing a German to sell his farm.  During the Nazi period in Germany, one of the charges put forward against certain works of art was that "Art must not be isolated from blood and soil."  Failure to meet this standard resulted in the attachment of the label, "degenerate art", to offending pieces.  In the art of the Third Reich, both landscape paintings and figures reflected blood-and-soil ideology.  Indeed, some art exhibits were explicitly titled "Blood and Soil".  Artists frequently gave otherwise apolitical painting such titles as "German Land" or "German Oak".  Rural themes were heavily favored in painting.  Landscape paintings were featured most heavily in the Greater German Art Exhibitions.  While drawing on German romantic traditions, painted landscapes were expected to be firmly based on real landscapes, the German people's Lebensraum.  Peasants were also popular images, promoting a simple life in harmony with nature.  This art showed no sign of the mechanization of farm work.  The farmer labored by hand, with effort and struggle. 

Blud und Boden films likewise stressed the commonality of Germaness and the countryside.  Die goldene Stadt has the heroine's running away to the city result in her pregnancy and abandonment; she drowns herself, and her last words beg her father to forgive her for not loving the countryside as he did.

Darre denounced capitalism, as well as the urbanization, mass mechanization and pseudo-culture that go with it. He advocated planned, step-by-step de-industrialization and its replacement by a Jeffersonian agrarian society.  Organic farming methods, with occasional applications of advanced technology on small hereditary land holdings were his goal.

         

**** LIFE IN THE THIRD REICH ****

The Third Reich was a progressive Christian youth movement, which the majority of the adults collectively sighed in relief that true justice was to finally prevail.   The majority of Nazi leaders were under 40 years old.  It was filled with an idealism of oneness with the land, the people and God.  Every area of life exploded with vitality and a deep desire to find what was truly German.  Much foundation of society, as of earlier examples above, had already been laid since before Bismarck, during his time, and the Weimar Republic.  The degeneracy of Jewish-run Weimar was removed, but the social safety nets stayed in place and grew.   Even today, much of the Nazi addition to society has stayed in place, but the degeneracy of the Weimar Republic has returned. Examples include the return of open prostitution in 2002 and openly homosexual mayors. 

As Jewish non-Christian attitudes were being replaced, so to were the numbers of Jews.   They were taken out of fields of influence and in fields where they were over-represented, especially of law, medicine and education.   Remember, with their foreign Capital and tribal alliances, they had controlled nearly every industrial and entertainment field.  Like minorities in every Western nation, they were segregated and denied many opportunities.  They were still allowed to live freely, even to the end of the war, unless deemed security risks with dual allegiance. 

After Hitler threw the Jews out of government positions in Germany, Stalin also began removing Jews from government positions of power in Russia.  Those Jews that had been removed from power migrated to Palestine where they planned the founding of the state of Israel and to America where many went to work in the FDR administration spearheading their socialist agenda and laying the foundations for World War II in retribution for their expulsion from power in Russia and Germany.

Hitler asked the Best and the Brightest within Germany to lead the various Government offices.  Since there was only one party and Hitler did not have to be beholden to special interests or party hacks as in the Western democracies, he was truly able to ask for the Best.  Most accepted his offers while not having to become Nazi party members.

Germany had always led the Western world in all scientific and philosophical fields and industry.  When Germany lost the War, tens of thousands of patents were stolen and the Allies discovered that the Germans were at least ten years ahead of them in all areas.  Factories and heavy machinery were stolen and the Germans created new machinery.  German was the language of scholars.   This was still true of Nazi Germany and scholars were honored even more during this time.   Germany, only the geographical size of Texas, but with 70 million citizens, and its leaders never wanted war and asked for peace soon after the British declared war and often thereafter.   Britain did not want this powerhouse on the Continent and by propaganda and unholy alliances wanted to destroy Germany.   Still basically Germany alone with a few smaller allies was able to fight the combined forces of America, Britain, Russia and the International Jews for five years.

Hitler’s motto “Love your neighbor more than yourself.  Be ready, always, for the least of your own, to sacrifice your belongings and your life.”  NIV John 15:13 “Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends.”  He accepted no salary, kept no royalties from his books after 1933, lived frugally, but of course had a couple of retreats such as Berghof at Berchtesgaden which was still in itself not much more than a two story cabin.

 Environment/Ecology/Land/Forests.  In July 1935, Germany's Nazi regime headed by Adolf Hitler passed the Reich Nature Protection Law.   It was one of the most progressive laws of its time.  First of all, it was a federal law that applied to the whole country and not just a local ordinance, as had been customary in the past.  It was also unprecedented in scope: The law protected nature and the environment in the name of the German people and for their sake, and prevented damage that might have been caused by economic development in undeveloped areas.  Anyone whose actions were liable to harm nature or alter the landscape in any significant way, such as developers and building contractors, had to obtain permission from the Reich nature protection office.  The concept of the Dauerwald (best translated as the "perpetual forest") which included concepts such as forest management and protection was promoted and efforts were also made to curb air pollution.  This legislation also protected bridges, roads, buildings and other landmarks perceived as having German historical-cultural value.  It imposed restrictions on advertisements that marred the landscape and, in some cases, banned them altogether.  In Britain, legislation of this scope was only introduced after World War II, and in France, as late as the 1960s.  The Nazis created nature preserves, championed sustainable forestry, conserved riparian areas, curbed air pollution, and designed the autobahn highway network as a way of bringing Germans closer to nature.  They also had laws against vivisection and animal abuse and promoted organic farming and vegetarianism.  They were supportive of animal rights within zoos and wildlife, and took several measures to ensure their protection including species protection and animal welfare.  The current animal welfare laws in Germany are more or less modification of the laws introduced by the National Socialist regime.  [They had ideas which worked! -The Nazis were the saviors of the Environment.]

 Rural: Prussia was 95% owned by 200 Prussian nobles.  The Nazi party left generous land to these nobles, but confiscated much of the bankrupt land to small acre farms.  Other un-owned land was opened for farming.  Many at that time equated Hitler with Thomas Jefferson.  Any sustaining farm of 300 acres was given special protection under Heredity laws. 

This was a large jump into Modernism.  Prussia, being the leading State impressed upon Germany its culture which was primarily Feudal with the aristocracy owning the land.  In this confiscation, Germany dramatically moved into a more equal society.

           

Metropolitan: Laws against speculation and foreign or absent ownership were created.

Ethnic & Religious Unity: There was a deep sense of racial community.  Christianity was encouraged and all German Protestants began to worship together.  There was a Concordant with Roman Catholicism.  Zionist cults were disbanded.  There was a small Confessing Church, which was a motley group of dissidents.  There was a very small German Church which promoted the religion of the earliest Germans.  Even though the German race was considered as one, it was considered as one culture.  There were several European strains existing in the German community –Germanic, Slavic and Mediterranean.  Obvious minorities, such as Blacks, which accepted the dominant culture, continued to exist unmolested and unharmed. 

Economy - The National Socialists freed Germany from owing interest to International Bankers!!

Hitler based Economy on International Barter and Government (not Central Bank) issuance of money freeing government of national debt and reliance on International Bankers!!!   The Mark was based on an hourly worth of labor, not fictitious or fiat scrip, or precious metals.

'European Economic Community" was first coined by the Third Reich government.  During the war at least seven million foreign nationals (nearly 10% of the population) worked in Germany.  There are no valid stories of where foreigners were attacked or molested (much less killed) because they were foreigners.  The Press spoke of how necessary friendship is between the German and Russian peoples.  [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the Peoples of Europe.]

The Nationalist Socialists subjugated the volatility of the Stock Market Exchanges to the overall economy.  The Jews and other Greedmeisters could not manipulate the economy for their own profit.

Resources: Laws freed farmers from burdening mortgages.  Germany also granted property loans which were forgiven 25% for each child.  With the births of four children, one’s property was free.  40% of the cost to build a home or reparations and improvements to a home gave an impetus to the construction industry.

Forestry, fisheries, mining, industry all had protection for the welfare of the workers and the resources.  During the forced War Years, Germany invited foreign workers to work in needed manufacturing and service sectors.  They also used camp inmates and conscripted foreign workers.  The foreign workers, both invited and conscripted were given adequate room and board near their work places, freedom within the wider community, and wages.  In fact, their total compensation was greater than the local German nationals.

On April 10, 1933 he arranged for every May 1st to be celebrated as a great Labor Day Holiday.  In May, the German Labor Front (the consensus between Employers and Employees) took the place of greedy Trade Unions.

Employment was given through the building of canals, power plants, and reclaiming waste land or swamps for production.  There were also Work camps where many German youth, especially those tied to the Hitler Youth volunteered to help reclaim waste land manage the forests.  Hitler said “There is only one nobility, the nobility of work.” 

Administration of the Economy: Taxation: Germany like US had income tax which has since been highly inflated.  The Nazis created work for 7 million unemployed without debt and in just 3-5 years.  The Nazis adopted plans that parallel those of Roosevelt and Mussolini.  Armies of unemployed were employed by the State (the expenditures which were the natural rate of the growth of GNP) for many infrastructure programs, including agricultural preparation of farmland and highways.  Germany left factories in private hands and rewarded private initiative.  Employers and employees were brought into one association so there was constant mediation of grievances and profit sharing.  Many social niceties including child care and roomy employee facilities were brought into the employment place.  The people were trying to work as a community and the head CEO had a salary only 6-8 times the salary as the lowest worker.  Courts of honor were held on exploitation of labor, inadequate payment, retention of wages, non-payment for overtime, excessive work, bad conditions of board and lodging, refusal of holidays, and breeches of safety regulations.

Hitler stressed on May 31, 1933, that the Reich budget must be balanced.  This meant reducing expenditures on social programs, because Hitler intended to reduce business taxes to promote needed private investment.  The social programs were kept through credit bills which also began to circulate like American Greenbacks.  (Read Henry C K Liu –Nazism and the German economic miracle.)

Germany had some financial centralization, but the big difference was that Capital was based on labor, not currency and international influences were curtailed.  There was international barter and NO Debt to international bankers.  Hitler actually took an idea of Abraham Lincoln when he issued Greenbacks.  English international banking was based on gold, since Germany had no gold reserves, it was based on labor.  Germany bypassed the International Bankers.  Germany financed its entire government and war operation from 1935 to 1945 without gold and without debt.  There was no inflation as the money was printed in conjunction with economic growth.  The Reichsbank was under regulation and foreign speculation (which had betted on the fall of their money) in their money was eliminated.  [(The derivatives system and financial hanky-panky deregulated in the US by Reagan which created the international collapse of 2008-2010 was banned.)]  This plus being the major economic competitor of England is what began the war.

“Like for Lincoln, Hitler's choices were to either submit to total debt slavery or create his own fiat money; and like Lincoln, he chose the fiat solution.  He implemented a plan of public works along the lines proposed by Jacob Coxey and the Greenbackers in the 1890s.  Projects earmarked for funding included flood control, repair of public buildings and private residences, and construction of new buildings, roads, bridges, canals, and port facilities.  The projected cost of the various programs was fixed at 1 billion units of the national currency.  One billion non-inflationary bills of exchange, called Labor Treasury Certificates, were then issued against this cost.  Millions of people were put to work on these projects, and the workers were paid with the Treasury Certificates.  The workers then spent the certificates on goods and services, creating more jobs for more people. . . .  Within two years, the unemployment problem had been solved and the country was back on its feet.  It had a solid, stable currency and no inflation, at a time when millions of people in the United States and other Western countries were still out of work and living on welfare.”[Web of Debt, Ellen Brown]

"Hitler was enormously popular with his own people because he rescued Germany from the throes of a worldwide depression and he did it through a plan of public works paid for with currency generated by the government itself.  Projects were first earmarked for funding, including flood control, repair of public buildings and private residences, and construction of new buildings, roads, bridges, canals, and port facilities.  The projected cost of the various programs was fixed at one billion units of the national currency.

One billion non-inflationary bills of exchange called Labor Treasury Certificates were then issued against this cost.  Millions of people were put to work on these projects, and the workers were paid with the Treasury Certificates.  The workers then spent the certificates on goods and services, creating more jobs for more people.  These certificates were not actually debt-free but were issued as bonds, and the government paid interest on them to the bearers.  But the certificates circulated as money and were renewable indefinitely, making them a de facto currency; and they avoided the need to borrow from international lenders or to pay off international debts.  The Treasury Certificates did not trade on foreign currency markets, so they were beyond the reach of the currency speculators.  They could not be sold short because there was no one to sell them to, so they retained their value.

Within two years, Germany's unemployment problem had been solved and the country was back on its feet.  It had a solid, stable currency, and no inflation, at a time when millions of people in the United States and other Western countries were still out of work and living on welfare.  Germany even managed to restore foreign trade, although it was denied foreign credit and was faced with an economic boycott abroad.  It did this by using a barter system: equipment and commodities were exchanged directly with other countries, circumventing the international banks.  This system of direct exchange occurred without debt and without trade deficits.  Although Germany's economic experiment was short-lived, it left some lasting monuments to its success, including the famous Autobahn, the world's first extensive superhighway." - Ellen Brown 2007

In his preface to the German edition of The General Theory, dated 9/7, 1936, John Maynard Keynes indicated that the ideas of his book could more readily be carried out under strong leadership.  Most Western Nations follow a form of Keynesian Economics.  The IMPORTANT difference is that Germany did not owe interest to a Central Bank.

 [[** Dr. Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht (1/22, 1877 – 6/3, 1970) was a German economist, banker, liberal politician, and co-founder of the German Democratic Party.  (age ~56 in 1933)  He served as the Currency Commissioner and President of the Reichsbank under the Weimar Republic.  He was a fierce critic of his country's post-World War I reparation obligations.  He became a supporter of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, and served in Hitler's government as President of the Reichsbank and Minister of Economics.  As such, Schacht helped implement Hitler's policies of redevelopment, reindustrialization, and rearmament.  Schacht objected to continued fiat spending, which he believed would cause inflation, thus coming into conflict with Hitler and Göring.  In November 1937 he resigned as Minister of Economics.  He remained President of the Reichsbank until Hitler dismissed him in January 1939.  After this Schacht held the empty title of Minister without Portfolio, and received the same salary, until he was fully dismissed in January 1943.  After being given a salary for many years while not doing anything, he became a fringe member of the German Resistance to Hitler and was imprisoned by the Nazis after the 20 July plot.  After the war, he was tried at Nuremberg but acquitted because of his banker’s status.  In 1953, he founded his own bank, and advised developing countries on economic development.]]

Schacht actually disapproved of this government fiat money, and wound up getting fired as head of the Reichsbank when he refused to issue it (something that may have saved him at the Nuremberg trials).  But he acknowledged in his later memoirs that allowing the government to issue the money it needed had not produced the price inflation predicted by classical economic theory.  He surmised that this was because factories were sitting idle and people were unemployed.  In this he agreed with John Maynard Keynes: when the resources were available to increase productivity, adding new money to the economy did not increase prices; it increased goods and services.  Supply and demand increased together, leaving prices unaffected.

What causes hyper-inflation is uncontrolled speculation.  When speculation is coupled with debt (owed to private banking cartels) the result is disaster.  On the other hand, when a government issues currency in carefully measured ways, it causes supply and demand to increase together, leaving prices unaffected.  Hence there is no inflation, no debt, no unemployment, and no need for income taxes.  Naturally this terrifies the bankers, since it eliminates their powers.  It also terrifies Jews, since their control of banking allows them to buy the media, the government, and everything else.

Government was less totalitarian than modern US.  Germany was reorganized from many states into 14.  The basic Nazi program was so well accepted by the people, that it was voluntarily adopted throughout the Reich.  Decentralization was done as far as possible leaving much discretion to state and local leadership.  Hitler had many discussions/arguments with other leaders and looked forward to leaving office.  He proposed a future Senate for checks against a possible dictator.  He was not considered a Dictator anymore than a Leader.  In his private "table talk", Hitler told of his retirement plans, which included resigning the Chancellorship as soon as the war was over and a constitutional republic based on the American model was up and running in Germany.  Unlike Churchill, Hitler was not interested in writing any self-serving memoirs to make himself seem like a hero in the eyes of posterity.  Instead, he planned to write biographies of Frederick the Great and Martin Luther. Churchill, in fact, was fond of repeating, "I will be well treated by history, because I shall write it."  Churchill, too, was obsessed with his wealth, much of it squandered by his gambling, ne’er-do well son, Randolf.  Hitler, on the other hand, donated all royalties from his book, Mein Kampf - the international sales of which totaled many million of dollars – to charitable institutions, an act of generosity that went unrecognized until nearly half a century after his death.

Free enterprise flourished.  No company was nationalized.  No small businessman was stopped from opening up his own store.  If you owned shares, nobody confiscated them, like the allies did in 1945.

Since Jew Communism dissolved private property, supported hostility to small businessmen, and espoused atheism, National Socialism retained private property, and strove for the creation of national solidarity that transcends class distinction.   They believed that private ownership was important in that it encouraged creative competition and technical innovation, but insisted that it be "productive" rather than "parasitical".  In 1930, Hitler said: "Our adopted term ‘Socialist’ has nothing to do with Marxian Socialism.  Marxism is anti-property; true Socialism is not."  The Nazis argued that Capitalism damages nations due to international finance, the economic dominance of big business, and Jewish influences.

In its 1920, 25 point manifesto:  “that the State shall make it its primary duty to provide a livelihood for its citizens . . . the abolition of all incomes unearned by work . . . the ruthless confiscation of all war profits ... the nationalization of all businesses that have been formed into corporations ... profit-sharing in large enterprises ... extensive development of insurance for old-age ... land reform suitable to our national requirements.   The official decree was stamped into the rim of the silver Reichsmark coins between 1933-1945 was "The common good before self-interest".  Workers were brought into leadership of Corporations which continues to this day.

The Stock Market was divorced from the economy of the nation.  Germany wanted to extinguish soulless corporations in favor of state-supervised cartels of smaller companies.  Germany worked towards more open competition among companies.  The economy was thriving without the histrionic gambling of the Stock Market. 

[The Stock Market in the current US only reflects the largest corporations which usually have interlocking Boards with International connections.  These are the type of businesses that receive taxpayer bailouts.  And current US businesses are definitely regulated and controlled in production goals.  Modern day China has a poorly profiting Stock Market, but a thriving economy.  See previous definition on Corporations.]

**** Germany’s Barter System – the real reason for war  The war lobbying nations strangled by international debt; could not compete with a debt free National Socialist Germany, and so the German state had to be removed, indeed destroyed.   In 1936, Winston Churchill told General Robert Wood that “Germany is getting too strong and must be smashed“.  Bernard Baruch said to FDR:  "If we keep prices down, there is no reason why we shouldn't get the customers from belligerent nations that they had had to drop because of the war.  In that event Germany's barter system will be destroyed.” – NYT 9/14, 1939.  The London Times stated that Germany's barter system made her an aggressor in the world market: "One of the fundamental causes of this war has been the un-relaxing efforts of Germany since 1918 to secure wide enough foreign markets to straighten her finances at the very time when all her competitors were forced by their own debts to adopt exactly the same course.  Continuous friction was inevitable."

[(This Wood?) Robert Jefferson Wood (6/9, 1905 – 7/8, 1986) was a US Army four-star general who helped organize the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military organization in the early 1950s and later served as director of the military assistance program from 1962 to 1965.  During World War II, Wood served in the Mediterranean theater, advancing through the grades from captain to colonel.  As a lieutenant colonel, he served in the G-3 section of the Fifth Army staff under Major General Alfred M. Gruenther, future NATO supreme commander.  Following the war, he attended the National War College and served as a military aide to Secretary of Defense James Forrestal.]

In 1937 Hitler said: "Germany will enter into no obligations to pay for her imports than she is capable of fulfilling.  The German Government therefore takes the standpoint of the respectable merchant who keeps his orders in harmony with what he can pay.  We have come to learn that the value of our currency lies in the productive capacity of our nation."

10/11-13, 1940 The Times (London) "One of the fundamental causes of the war has been the unrelaxing effort of Germany since 1918, to secure wide enough foreign markets to straighten her finance." Germany did not have to increase taxation; public savings bank deposits hit new monthly records; and money was so plentiful that the interest rate for the Reich loans could reasonably be reduced from 4 ½  per cent to 4 per cent.  This was an economic miracle.

Britain had to adopt the German trading system.  On March 5, 1940 the British Export Council's White Paper admitted: "The Council places no limits on the expedients they would be prepared to consider, involving barter arrangements and trade negotiations and insurance facilities (such as guaranteed export credits) for foreign trade."  From this point on there were devised two different valued pounds: one pegged at $4.02 for the home market and the other a 'free' pound sterling which dropped the first week of April 1940 to $3.44.  This was virtually identical to the German practice of assigning the mark a different value depending on where it was being spent.  If you can't fight them join them.  Adopting the same trading practices as Hitler's Germany 'neutral U.S.A.' then assisted Britain in buying Latin American raw materials at advantageous prices and then literally burning them.  This was termed the 'Buy and Burn Policy.' The U.S. also proscribed 1,800 South American firms thus preventing them from trading with Hitler's Germany.

 Labor:  Under Hitler there were sweeping reforms that dramatically changed the condition of the worker in Germany.   Many of these conditions continued after WWII and were begun throughout the West wherever enlightened.  Factories were transformed from gloomy caverns to spacious and healthy work centers, with natural lighting, surrounded by gardens and playing fields.  Hundreds of thousands of attractive houses were built for working class families.  A policy of several weeks of paid vacation was introduced, along with weekend and holiday trips by land and sea.  A wide-ranging program of physical and cultural education for young workers was established, with the world's best system of technical training.  The Third Reich's social security and workers' health insurance system was the world's most modern and complete.

Social Welfare:  Social welfare programs focused on providing employment for German citizens and insuring a minimal living standard for German citizens.  Heavily focused on was the idea of a national German community.  To aid the fostering of a feeling of community, the German people's labor and entertainment experiences—from festivals, to vacation trips and traveling cinemas—were all made a part of the "Strength through Joy" program.  Also crucial to the building of loyalty and comradeship was the implementation of the National Labor Service and the Hitler Youth Organization.  There were several official charities to help the struggling families.

Hitler said that “This winter no one must starve or freeze in Germany.”  A Winter Relief Program was started which was completely voluntary.  Families were asked to set aside food and clothing for the poor.  A popular idea was the One pot dinner once a week or once a month with the food savings given to the poor.  Workrooms for second hand items were created with the poor being paid to repair the items and then the items being given to the poor.

Christmas was a special time for the whole community, not just traditional families.  All the broken families, poor families and singles were included in national celebrations.  Christmas trees were placed in front of churches, tables were spread, and bands played hymns and carols and closed with “Stille Nacht, Heilige Nacht”

The Mother and Child Movement included a job finding agency for the young adults entering the work force, a Dwelling House Aid to clean up slums and provide inexpensive housing, and to supply a bed for every child.  Villages of small single family homes were erected. The monthly payments were set so low that almost anyone could afford his own house. There were no homeless; no beggars.   Mothers with a special need of rest and recuperation were given 4 week vacations in the country.  There were (in a year?) 300,000 women and 3 million children given these vacations.  [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the People.]

 Transportation: The Autobahn, Railways, Waterways, Airways were all rapidly modernized.  The autobahn highway network was designed as a way of bringing Germans closer to nature and to each other.  This was all part of disparate ‘tribes’ to “get to know, understand and treasure each other and so become a united German people”.  Germany was in the forefront of the Interstate Highway system with the Autobahn.  Hitler also designed the Volkswagon, designing it affordable so that everyone could have one.

Legal System:  Besides for all the standard accumulative Western law, there was a People’s Court to dispense judgment more speedily for straight-forward crime without the legal wrangling. [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the People.]

It was said by Jew Friedrich Hayek that legal positivism overtook natural law theorists in Germany by 1930 (before Hitler), but these two theories are nearer to each other than their proponents state.  They actually both look to community norms for substantiation.  Legal positivism states what the legislators decide upon is ultimate law while natural law looks to what is common to the people.

Otto Georg Thierack (4/19, 1889 – 11/22, 1946) was a jurist and politician.  (age ~44 in 1933)  He became Vice President of the Reich Court in 1935 and in 1936 President of the Volksgerichtshof, which had been newly founded in 1934.  He held this job, interrupted as it was by two stints in the armed forces, until 1942, when he was succeeded in the position by Roland Freisler.  On 20 August 1942, Thierack assumed the office of Reich Minister of Justice.

Roland Freisler (10/30, 1893–2/3, 1945) was a prominent judge.  (age ~40 in 1933)   He became State Secretary of Adolf Hitler's Reich Ministry of Justice and President of the Volksgerichtshof (People's Court).  Freisler had a mastery of legal texts, mental agility and overwhelming verbal force. Freisler argued that "racially foreign, racially degenerate, racially incurable or seriously defective juveniles" should be sent to juvenile centers or correctional education centers and be segregated from those who are "German and racially valuable."  On August 20, 1942, Hitler promoted Otto Thierack to Reich Justice Minister, replacing the retiring Schlegelberger, and named Freisler to succeed Thierack as president of the People's Court.  This court had jurisdiction over a rather broad array of "political offenses", which included crimes like black marketeering, work slowdowns, and defeatism.   Between 1942 and 1945, more than 5,000 death sentences were handed out, and of these, 2,600 through the court's First Senate, which Freisler headed. (Out of a nation of 70+ million!) Thus, Freisler alone was responsible, in his three years on the court, for as many death sentences as all other senate sessions of the court together in the entire time the court existed, between 1934 and 1945.   A number of the trials for defendants in the 20 July Plot before the People's Court were filmed and recorded.  Freisler was killed with an almost direct American hit on the building on February 3, 1945.

Justice: German justice bowed to demonstrations and petitions several times.  EG: The 1943 Rosenstrasse protest in which 1800 German women (joined by 4200 relatives) obliged the State to release their Jewish husbands with no more harassment.  In spite of the current propaganda that Nazis confiscated guns, there was no real gun control accept for general registration.  Practically every home was armed, shooting clubs were extensive and free Jews were also free to own guns.  Crime was almost non existent because habitual criminals were in Education camps.  Just as Hitler had forbidden so-called 'punishment exercises' in the army (the brutal methods still employed in the American army), so had he forbidden the use of clubs by the police.  He considered it demeaning to the German people.

The Police and all armed law enforcement was 50% less per capita than modern US.  The Gestapo had only 7000 in a nation of 70 million, the same as any medium size city in US.  There was room in Germany for dissidents and dissenters.  Youth who were not involved in the Hitler Youth or were in Swing Clubs were not punished.  Adults who were not Nazis were not punished.  Demonstrations were allowed and influenced laws.  Military: Germany was a Signee of the Geneva Conventions and followed them to the letter.  Soldiers were strongly disciplined for any breech of etiquette with their own populations or foreigners.  There were even death penalties for soldier rapists.  Other nations were far looser.  The Soviets were beasts and many Americans also raped and stole.

"Germany will be perfectly ready to disband her entire military establishment and destroy the small amount of arms remaining to her, if the neighboring countries will do the same thing with equal thoroughness.  Germany is entirely ready to renounce aggressive weapons of every sort if the armed nations, on their part, will destroy their aggressive weapons within a specified period, and if their use is forbidden by an international convention.   Germany is at all times prepared to renounce offensive weapons if the rest of the world does the same.   Germany is prepared to agree to any solemn pact of non-aggression because she does not think of attacking anybody but only of acquiring security." - Adolf Hitler, May 17, 1933 address to the Reichstag

Media: The German press during the Third Reich had fewer taboos than the American press today.  The only taboo revolved around Hitler, and, during the war, there was a law that prohibited "defeatism".  This was because of the negative role the German press played in the German defeat of 1918.  Of course the positive aspects of Germany and later of the German battles were emphasized for public morale, but the purposefully negative propaganda which the Jew-led Allies conducted was not present.  Germans were much more innocent in their dealings with others, than others were with them.  Jewish propaganda was composed of downright lies and fabrications.  [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the People against communism and degeneration.]

 Education:  Albert Brackmann (6/21, 1871 – 3/17, 1952) was a leading German historian associated with the Ostforschung, a multi-disciplined organisation set up to co-ordinate German research on Eastern Europe.  After the outbreak of World War II, Brackmann's work also extended to issues of Germanization, and the removal of undesired ethnic elements from German education.  Germany tried to limit these materialistic directions.  Jews and Communists, among others were forced out of teaching positions.  These forced retirements were given pensions. (Allies didn’t even do that) Education was free.   College in Germany is free. (That probably started at this time)  Education under the Nazi regime focused on culture, geography and physical fitness.

As Henrich Hansen, the head of the NS-Teachers' Association, put it:  “The youth of Germany will no longer be “objectively” posed with the choice between an upbringing that is materialistic or idealistic, ethnic [völkish] or international, religious or godless, rather it will be consciously formed according to principles that have shown themselves to be true: the principles of the national socialist worldview.”  In seeking a way to make education less abstract, intellectual and distant from the experiences of children, educators and administrators foresaw a much-expanded role for film in the classroom.

From a Nazi women’s magazine in 1936: The Educational Principles of the New Germany: The four iron pillars of the national school and educational system are: race, military training, leadership, and religion.  (From the religion paragraph): Life comes from God and returns to God….  God and nation are the two foundations of the life of the individual and the community.   We want no shallow and superficial piety, but rather a deep faith that God guides the world, that he controls it….  The National Socialist state will promote such a deeply religious educational system….

Napola - National Political Institutes of Education were secondary boarding schools.  They were founded as "community education sites" in 1933.  The goal of the schools was to raise a new generation for the political, military, and administrative leadership of the Nazi state.  Only boys and girls in perfect condition, no poor hearing or vision were accepted.  "Above-average intelligence" was also required.  Napola cadets were between 11 and 18 years of age.  Approximately one fifth of all cadets washed out.  The percentage of Jungmannen who eventually entered the SS was 13%, much higher than the 1.8% in the general German population. By the end of the war there were 43 schools.  School Locations: Schleswig-Holstein, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Berlin, Saxony, Hanover, Silesia, Hesse-Nassau, East Prussia, Anhalt, Saxony, Württemberg, Rhine Province, Saxony, Württemberg, Brandenburg, Vienna, Vienna, Lower Danube (Austria), Sudetenland, Warthegau, Upper Silesia, Pomerania, Baden, Saarland, Bavaria (Saar Palatinate), Carinthia (Austria), Styria, Alsace (today France), Hanover, Bavaria, Carinthia, Styria, Baden, Bohemia and Moravia.

Philosophy: The true German philosophy must recognize the principle of polarity, microcosmos and macrocosmos, individual and universe.  Concentration on the first will give an intensive character, concentration on the other an extensive character.  Using these rules, a line of succession, that of intensity, is constitutes of Meister Eckhardt, Cusanus, Luther, Leibniz, Kant, Hamann, Fichte, Jacobi and Lagarde; the other, that of extensity, is constituted of Albertus Magnus, Paracelsus, Jakob Boehme, Goethe, Holderlin, Schelling, Schleiermacher and Nietzsche.

Eugenics was popular in many Western nations.  The Eugenics program that Germany installed was very similar to those in all Western nations.  The United States began a program of sterilization before Germany and many other Western nations continued, even through the 1970’s.  Eugenics has an honorable history composed of positive (helping) and negative (hindering) components.  Positive eugenics is simply in breeding good stock through correct selection and management.  Education was given to the youth in selecting mates and in meeting the needs of their young.  Negative eugenics is culling the herd of undesirables.  Those with debilitating and life-impairing mental or physical defects were given humane euthanasia and those with genetic defects were not allowed to reproduce.  This was for the German nation and did not affect the Jews.  The word Untermensch (or sub-man) was used to refer to degenerate whites, not other races.  Germans begin euthanasia on sick and disabled.  Individuals to be sterilized would be carriers of congenital defects or habitual criminals.  Even so, about 20% of these individuals won their appeals.  America also had eugenics program, including sterilization laws.  Most Western nations had Eugenics, Sweden kept sterilization until the 1970’s.  [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the People against the degeneration of humanity.]  Eugenics is back, but under the rubric of the Genome Project.

” This genetically ill person will cost our people’s community 60,000 marks over his lifetime.  Citizens, that is your money.  Read Neues Volk, the monthly of the racial policy office of the NSDAP.”

 Poster from the National Socialist period showing the consequences after 4 generations if feeble-minded people have 4 children each generation and normal people 2.

Versus

  Hans Friedrich Karl Günther (2/16, 1891– 9/25, 1968) was a German race researcher and eugenicist in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich.   Günther's Short Ethnology of the German People (1929) was a popular exposition of Nordicism.  In 1919, he wrote a polemical work entitled "The Knight, death and the devil: the heroic idea", a reworking of the tradition of German Pagan-Nationalist Romanticism into a form of "biological nationalism".   Nevertheless, even after Nazi Germany's fall, he did not revise his thinking, denying the Holocaust until his death.  In 1951 he published the book "Husband's Choice" in which he listed good biological qualities to look for in marriage partners.  He continued to argue that sterilization should remain a legal option, and played down the mandatory sterilization used in Nazi Germany.  Another eugenics book was published in 1959 in which he argued that unintelligent people reproduce too numerously in Europe, and the only solution was state-sponsored family planning.  Günther divided the European population into six races, the Nordic, Phalic, Eastern, Western, Dinaric and East Baltic. "Western" and "Eastern" were, in practice, alternatives for the more widely used terms "Mediterranean" and "Alpine".  The "Phalic" race was a minor category dropped in many of his writings.  Of these races, the Nordic was the noblest and was the great creative force in history.  Günther claimed to have found evidence that tall, blond Nordics were the founders of influential cultures almost everywhere.  Opposed to the Nordics were the Jews, who were "a thing of ferment and disturbance, a wedge driven by Asia into the European structure."  Günther argued that the Nordic peoples should unite to secure their dominance.  Günther seemed to admire Mediterraneans, Alpines, and Dinarics, as well as the highly praised Nordics.  Among his disciples was Bruno Beger who, after an expedition to Tibet, concluded that the Tibetan peoples had characteristics that placed them between the Nordic and Mongol races, and were thus superior to other East Asians. 

7/14 In the same cabinet session that approves the Concordat, the new government approves the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring."  It allows for compulsory sterilization in cases of "congenital mental defects, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, hereditary epilepsy, and severe alcoholism."  7/25 Passage of the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring" is publicly announced. It will officially go into effect on January 1, 1934. It allows for compulsory sterilization in cases of "congenital mental defects, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, hereditary epilepsy, and severe alcoholism."   In September Genetic Health Courts are organized set up through out Germany.  On December 5 regulations for the enforcement of the German sterilization law are issued.  Persons suffering from hereditary diseases can be exempted from sterilization if they have committed themselves or are already confined in an institution.  Physicians objecting on grounds of conscience are not obligated to conduct or assist in sterilizations. (Lewy)

German geneticists:

Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer (7/16, 1896– 8/8, 1969) was a German human biologist and eugenicist concerned primarily with "racial hygiene" and twin research.  Verschuer argued in principle for the eugenic sterilization of the "feeble-minded, schizophrenics, the manic depressive, epileptics, psychopaths, chorea sufferers, the congenitally blind and deaf-mute, whereby he qualified his statement by referring to the uncertain prognosis of heredity in such cases as manic-depressive insanity, epilepsy, and deaf-mutism."  He expressed the opinion that this issue had a moral, theological aspect.  Eugenic sterilization (which Verschuer equated with medical curative treatment) was "no 'unauthorized intervention into the natural process of creation;' the willingness to make oneself sterile is rather a command of Christian charity.  The fulcrum and hub of the argumentation comprised the concept of 'sacrifice': "'It is demanded of us Christians, who follow the example of our master, that we be willing to sacrifice our lives in the service of Christian charity.  Christian charity extends to children who will be born.  We are therefore obligated to extend the circle of humans to those who are not yet born, and I believe it is justified to demand from people a lesser sacrifice than the sacrifice of life, namely to forego having children, for the love of children that are expected to be diseased, so that from the perspective of Christian charity sterilization must be regarded as justified."  According to sections 263 and 264 of the 1927 General German Penal Code, "... sterilizations with a medical indication would remain exempt from punishment... in accordance with section 263 (as the practice of a conscientious doctor), or in accordance with section 264 (as not contra bona mores),...".  Reasons for sterilization included the "high probability that the offspring would suffer from serious physical or mental genetic defects", such as: congenital feeble-mindedness, schizophrenia, manic-depressive insanity, hereditary epilepsy, hereditary St. Vitus's dance (Huntington's Chorea), hereditary blindness, hereditary deafness, "serious hereditary physical deformities", "serious alcoholism".  Most cities in Germany developed plans to carry out the new sterilization law.

"[Verschuer] was enthusiastic about the later law and its results: "'We know today that the life of a Volk is only guaranteed when the racial uniqueness and hereditary health of the gene pool ... is maintained.  The nub of the population policy in the Third Reich is therefore: hereditary and racial care or hygiene. ... "'The National Socialistic State with exceptional energy has assumed [the responsibility] for the practical administration of hereditary and racial care.  The first goal was the fight against racial alienation through the Jews.  The second deed is the damming up [i.e., sterilization] of those with hereditary illnesses through the Law for Prevention of Congenitally Ill Progeny.  In the two years since [this law] has been in place, approximately 100,000 sterilizations have been carried out.'"

Verschuer opposed the idea of breeding supermen.  However, he was a supporter of "positive" eugenics: incentives to favor the propagation of Aryans.  In August 1933 he wrote an article, which emphasized education and training, tax legislation, control of immigration and emigration, genetic biological stock-taking and marriage counseling for prospective parents, but also indirectly demanded bars to marriage for "those of alien ancestry," "ill and deformed persons and the genetically ill from encumbered families."

Verschuer felt that that when a superior race mixes with an inferior race (mulattos), it always brings the superior race down.  He noted two exceptions to this, however: Booker T. Washington and Alexander Pushkin: "The crossing of intellectually very capable races with intellectually less capable ones, e.g. Europeans with Negroes, yields a product that is between these races intellectually [...] Occasionally, an individual half-breed of this kind can also be strikingly intellectually capable (Pushkin, Washington), as is to be expected from the laws of heredity.  The assumption that half-breeds are always worse than both parents intellectually -- or even morally -- is incorrect."

In his talk about the "Race Biology of the Jews" Verschuer contradicted the generally accepted idea that Jews could be recognized by the shape of their nose or their blood group.  Instead he referred to the emerging science of comparative race pathology.  A number of illnesses and disorders occurred more frequently in Jews than among the non-Jewish population: diabetes, neuroses, flat feet, myonomes, xeroderma pegmentosum, hemophilia, and deaf-mutedness.  'Amarotic idiocy' (Tay-Sach-s syndrome) and torsion dystonia are particularly prevalent among the Eastern European Jews.    When Verschuer died in 1969 (in an automobile accident?), obituaries in German scientific journals made no mention of his Nazi involvement.

Alfred Trzebinski (8/29, 1902 – 10/8, 1946) was an SS-physician at the Auschwitz, Majdanek and Neuengamme concentration camps in Nazi Germany.  He was sentenced to death and executed for his involvement in war crimes committed at the Neuengamme subcamps.  At his trial he confessed[?] freely and frankly, saying, "If I had acted as a hero the children might have died a little later, but their fate could no longer be averted.”  (They were already dying)

Heinrich Gross (11/14 1915 – 12/15 2005) was an Austrian psychiatrist, medical doctor and neurologist, worked in Germany’s Euthanasia Program.  A few years after WW II, he was convicted for manslaughter, which was overturned on a technicality.  Before he died, there was another attempt of conviction indefinitely suspended due to a claim that, due to his advanced age and alleged senility, Dr. Gross was unfit to stand trial.  His Cross of Honor for Science and Art (awarded in 1975) was stripped in 2003.

Carl "Hans Heinze" Sennhenn was a German psychiatrist and eugenicist.  Hans Heinze was tried and found guilty of war crimes and received a prison term of seven years.  After his release from prison, he became chief physician for adolescent psychiatry at Wunstdorf State Hospital.

 Fritz Lenz (3/9, 1887- 7/6, 1976) was a German geneticist and influential specialist in "racial hygiene" (also called eugenics).

 Eugen Fischer (7/5, 1874–7/9, 1967) was a German professor of medicine, anthropology and eugenics.  He was director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics between 1927 and 1942.  He was appointed rector of the Frederick William University of Berlin by Adolf Hitler in 1933, and later joined the Nazi Party.  He authored “The Rehoboth Bastards and the Problem of Miscegenation among Humans” (1913) , a field study which aimed to determine whether human heredity followed the Mendelian laws by studying the interbreeding of two very different human races, Europeans and Africans, in a small population (3000 individuals) whose family history was well known.  Fischer demonstrated that such interbreeding did not result in a new, intermediate race that was reproductively stable, but rather followed the Mendelian laws, according to which each generation would produce throw-backs to the original parent races as well as individuals of intermediate type, in the proportion A + 2AB + B, where A and B represent different alleles of a single gene.   He was made an honorary member of the German Anthropological Society in 1952.

The Nazis simply put the government behind many racial programs developed earlier by Germans and other Westerners. These included various health fads that are still around today --such as anti-nicotine and anti-alcohol campaigns, organic food, whole grain bread and vitamins. Natural childbirth was another favorite project of pre-Nazi times that the Nazis inherited and backed to the hilt.  IQ --the term was invented by a German --was much talked about in Germany long before it became popular in the US.

Several mutual aid societies were formed where neighbors helped neighbors.  Begging was abolished.

Strong liquor was discouraged, homosexuality was banned and prosecuted, and prostitution was banned from the streets and only a few were offered in the largest cities for foreign dignitaries.  Pornography became non-existent as nearly all pornography was Jew-owned.  [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the People against immorality.]

       

Family issues: Women were allowed in the work force, but urged to stay home and were given policies – status and benefits that promoted this.  For example, if a young family had just received a mortgage for a home, 25% of the mortgage was forgiven by the State up to 4 children, whereas the house became free for that family.  Children were taught in schools to obey their parents and to do chores.  Grandparents were encouraged to live in extended families.  Maternity benefits, health insurance, Medical care, Accident and retirement insurance were all available.  Adoption of orphans was promoted.  Social workers helped struggling families.  The status of single mothers was improved, even allowing some single women to adopt.  There was a Marriage loan program, marriage counseling, recuperation programs for overworked mothers, divorce laws, child support laws.  Divorce between Germans was strongly discouraged.  Abortion: Jews could have one on demand, but Gentiles had to get special permission.  Lebensborn was a system to aid births from single unwed mothers.  Also orphans from other nations who appeared Germanic were welcome.

The Young Germans opposed the Jewish feminist movement.  They advocated a society in which German women would recognize the "world is her husband, her family, her children, and her home."  The Reich Women's Leader said "the mission of woman is to minister in the home and in her profession to the needs of life from the first to last moment of man's (society’s) existence." 

Abortion was heavily penalized in Nazi Germany unless on the grounds of "racial health"; from 1943 abortionists faced the death penalty.  Display of contraceptives was not allowed and Hitler himself described contraception as "violation of nature, as degradation of womanhood, motherhood and love."

    Hitler Youth was established, mostly like Boy Scouts, but with more physical fitness and later with military preparedness.  Most other groups became incorporated into the association.  There were still Church youth groups.  Later, when Hitler Youth became ‘mandatory’, there were many that did not attend and they were not subject to any discipline.  Youth hostels were opened all over the Reich, enabling youth to hike from one beautiful town to another across the nation.  Every effort was made to strengthen our minds and bodies.  Contrary to what is said today, they were encouraged to become free in spirit, and not to succumb to peer (or authority) pressure.  In peacetime, NO military training was allowed by the Hitler Youth leadership; scouting yes.  Incidentally, to "snitch on parents" was frowned upon.  A recent testimony of an old man who had been a member of the Hitler Youth replied to the lawyer: “No, we did not talk about Jews.” (see1922)

  Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (5/9, 1907 – 8/8, 1974) was the head of the (HJ, the "Hitler Youth") and Gauleiter and ("Reich Governor") of Vienna.  (age ~26 in 1933)  On 3/31, 1932 von Schirach married 19-year-old Henriette Hoffmann, the daughter of Heinrich Hoffmann, Adolf Hitler's personal photographer and close friend.  Von Schirach, says Gregor Strasser, was "a young effeminate aristocrat" upon whom Hitler bestowed Henriette and the HJ position.  Through this relationship, von Schirach became part of Hitler's inner circle.  The young couple were appreciated guests at Hitler's "Berghof".  Henriette von Schirach gave birth to four children: Angelika Benedikta von Schirach (born 1933), Klaus von Schirach (born 1935), Robert von Schirach (1938) and Richard von Schirach (born 1942).  The lawyer and bestselling German crime writer Ferdinand von Schirach is his grandson.  He was a published author, contributing to literature journals, and an influential patron of the arts.  Schirach became a member of the NSDAP in 1925.  In 1933 he was made head of the Hitler Youth.  In 1940 he organized the evacuation of 5 million children from cities threatened by Allied bombing.  Later that year, he joined the army and volunteered for service in France, where he was awarded the Iron Cross before being recalled.  Schirach lost control of the Hitler Youth to Artur Axmann, and was appointed Governor of the Reichsgau Vienna, a post in which he remained until the end of the war.  He was both an anti-Semite and anti-Christian.  During his tenure 65,000 Jews were deported from Vienna to Poland, and in a speech on 9/15, 1942 he mentioned their deportation as a "contribution to European culture."  At Nuremberg, Schirach was one of only two men to denounce Hitler (the other was Albert Speer).  On 7/20, 1949 his wife Henriette von Schirach (2/3, 1913 – 1/27, 1992) divorced him while he was in prison.  He published his memoirs, ("I believed in Hitler").

Science: History, Archeology, German science- were first to warn of dangers of radiation, asbestos, lead, cadmium and mercury.  German medical journals warned against the ill effects of artificial food colorants and preservatives in food and drinks, and stressed the need for a return to “organic” or natural ingredients in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, fertilizers and foods.  In 1939, Germany warned against the dangers of smoking and banned it on public transport in 1944.  Germans in 1937 enacted laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol to minors and enacted stiff penalties for drunken-driving.  Health Issues: Germany had arguably the most powerful anti-tobacco movement in the world. Anti-tobacco research received a strong backing from the government, and German scientists proved that cigarette smoke could cause cancer.  German scientists also proved that asbestos was a health hazard.  As part of the general public-health campaign in Nazi Germany, water supplies were cleaned up, lead and mercury were removed from consumer products, and women were urged to undergo regular screenings for breast cancer.

Germany also took measures to stop their citizens' exposure to lead, petrochemical dyes, preservatives and pesticides. 

Rocketry and Spaceflight research were years ahead of other nations.  Remember the Space Race of the 1950’s were captured German scientists in both the US and USSR.  The first astronaut was not the Russian in 1962 but a German in 1945. (news in 2010)

 Werner Heisenberg (12/5, 1901 – 2/1, 1976) was a German theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory.  (age ~32 in 1933)  In addition, he made important contributions to nuclear physics, quantum field theory, and particle physics.  Heisenberg stayed in Germany during the War and worked for the state, while many of his Jewish colleagues left.  Even though he had even helped some to emigrate, they turned against him.  Heisenberg was labeled a "White Jew" (exact meaning unknown) in the July 15, 1937, issue of SS's weekly, Das Schwarze Korps.  Werner Heisenberg supported Germany and believed that if Allies won that they would burn Germany to the ground (which they basically did.)  American spies and generals tried to kidnap, assassinate or kill in bombing raids Heisenberg, thought to be the brains behind the atomic bomb.  The effort to dispose of Heisenberg, is to "deny the enemy his brain," as a high intelligence official put it in March 1944.  The elimination bid failed because of bad luck, slow work and indecision amid wartime crises.  Begun in October 1942, the effort was dropped in December 1944 as intelligence officials concluded that Germany had no serious effort under way to build a nuclear bomb.

Atomic energy was becoming developed, but Hitler himself squashed its financing, because he did not want to be responsible in history as having allowed it as a weapon.  The Allies received Atomic energy research through German physicist Werner Heisenberg’s correspondence with Danish Jew Niels Bohr.

German scientists stayed at their own universities and not at a central research facility like Robert Oppenheimer (communist sympathizer) and other Jewish scientists were able to do at Los Alamos for their American nuclear research.

There were Allied Intelligence reports of supermetals, electric guns, ray weapons and numerous other weapons.   Computer, magnetic tape, computer programs were developed.  Synthetic penicillin, synthetic gas and hundreds of ersatz materials were created.  If Germany did not have the natural resource, it would create a synthetic.

There were experiments in fusion reactions, zero point energy, deep space travel.  The Jewish science of Relativity was denounced, as prophetic of destroying even social sciences as it has in America.  [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the People for open scientific investigation.]

(At the Roswell Museum, under glass, were tiny replicas of what was allegedly found – a saucer with a swastika!  A few tin soldiers surrounded their craft, and those toy soldiers were likewise painstakingly adorned with swastikas.)

They were close to building a stealth warplane shielded from radar.  It was designed with a greater range and speed than any plane previously built and was the first aircraft to use the stealth technology now deployed by the US in its B-2 bombers.

 Johannes Stark (4/15, 1874 – 6/21, 1957) was a German physicist, and Physics Nobel Prize laureate who was closely involved with the Deutsche Physik movement under the Nazi regime.  In 1919, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields" in 1913 (the latter is known as the Stark effect).  Stark joined the NSDAP in April 1930, three years before Adolf Hitler became Chancellor.  It was Stark who, asked in 1907 the then still rather unknown Albert Einstein to write a review article on the principle of relativity.  While working on this article, Einstein began a line of thought that would eventually lead to his generalized theory of relativity, which in turn became (after its confirmation) the start of Einstein's worldwide fame.  This is heavily ironic, given Stark's later work as an anti-Einstein and anti-relativity propagandist in the Deutsche Physik movement.  He wrote “Adolf Hitler's Goals and Personality” (1930).  In his 1934 book (National Socialism and Science) Stark maintained that the priority of the scientist was to serve the nation—thus, the important fields of research were those that could help German arms production and industry.  He attacked theoretical physics as "Jewish" and stressed that scientific positions in Nazi Germany should only be held by pure-blooded Germans.  In 1947 a denazification court sentenced Stark to a prison-term of four years.

 Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (June 7, 1862 – May 20, 1947), German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties.  He was also an active proponent of Nazi ideology.  Lenard is remembered today as a strong German nationalist who despised English physics, which he considered as having stolen its ideas from Germany.  He spoke for "Deutsche Physik" and against what he considered the fallacious and deliberately misleading ideas of "Jewish physics".  An advisor to Adolf Hitler, Lenard became Chief of Aryan physics under the Nazis.  He wrote a four-­volume treatise on “German Physics” and in the foreword touched on “Japanese Physics,” “Arabian Physics” and “Negro Physics”.  “The Jew wants to create contradictions everywhere and to separate relations, so that preferably, the poor naïve German can no longer make any sense of it whatsoever.”  In his book, "The Great Naturalists" (1929), he analyzed the racial background of dozens of the greatest scientists from ancient times to the current time, concluding that there were no Jews.  In “Great Men of Science” (1933), he included these nonJews: Pythagoras of Samos; Euclid ; Archimedes; Hipparchus of Nicea; Leonardo da Vinci; Nicolaus Copernicus; Tycho Brahe; Simon Stevin; Galileo Galilei; Johannes Kepler; Evangelista Toricelli and Blaise Pascal; Willebrord Snell and Rene Descartes; Otto Guericke; Robert Boyle and Edme Mariotte; Olaus Roemer; Christian Huygens; Isaac Newton; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Dionysius Papin; James Bradley; Joseph Black and James Watt; Wilhelm Scheele, Joseph Priestley, and Henry Cavendish; Charles Augustin Coulomb; Luigi Galvani and Allessandro Volta; Count Rumford; Martin Heinrich Klaproth and John Dalton; Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt; Humphrey Davy and Jacob Berzelius; Thomas Young, Josef Fraunhofer and Augustin Fresnel; Hans Christian Oersted; Pierre Simon Laplace and Andre Marie Ampere; Sadi Carnot; Georg Simon Ohm; Karl Friedrich Gauss; Michael Faraday; Wilhelm Weber; Julius Robert Mayer, James; Hermann Helmholtz; Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson, Lord Kelvin; Charles Darwin and Carl Linnaeus; Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff; James Clerk Maxwell; Wilhelm Hittorf and William Crookes; Josef Stefan and Ludwig Boltzmann; Heinrich Hertz; Friedrich Hasenohrl

Medicine: The War on cancer was developed.  Harmful pollutants like asbestos, arsenic, chromium and yellow butter dye were to be eliminated. There were Anti-smoking campaigns.  Accusation towards Jewish doctors was that they treated medicine more like a business for the sake of charging high fees.  Their perverted interest in sexuality was denounced.

Psychotherapy: Even though Psychoalaylsis was thought of as Jewish, Matthias Goring was a cousin of Hermann and thus was the leader of a Society and Institute of Psychotherapy where Jungians, Adlerians, Freudians, independents and strong advocates of a Nazi-oriented psychotherapy worked together under the same roof.  He was also a strong advocate of what was called a new German psychotherapy, which equated psychological health with Nazi attitudes and values.  (This author thinks that most Nazi attitudes were healthy and in fact Psychoanalysis is Jewish and has much dubious science.  In fact, the basic Freudian concepts of Ego, Id and Superego were plagiarized from an earlier German Christian who developed St Paul’s words on the Soul, the Flesh and the Spirit.)  Adlerians could associate their stress on family and community with the strength of the German Volk and the goal of rendering it ''rich in creative spirits (rather than producing) hysterics and obsessive neurotics.  Jungians certainly stressed folk archetypes.  [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the People against promoted victimhood.]

Archaeology: under the Nazis, Aryan prehistory was searched for and discovered in the far reaches of Europe and as far as Tibet.

The Ahnenerbe was a Nazi German think tank that promoted itself as a "study society for Intellectual Ancient History." Founded on July 1, 1935, by Heinrich Himmler, Herman Wirth, and Richard Walther Darré, the Ahnenerbe's goal was to research the anthropological and cultural history of the Aryan race, and later to experiment and launch voyages with the intent of proving that prehistoric and mythological Nordic populations had once ruled the world.  Herman Wirth (6 May 1885 Utrecht - 16 February 1981, Kusel) was a Dutch-German lay historian and scholar of ancient religions and symbols.  Wirth served as the leader of the Nazi research division Ahnenerbe until 1937 when he left the group entirely, succeeded by Walter Wüst.

 Himmler and party are at the Externsteine, a rock formation in northwest Germany. This bas-relief is of the Descent from the Cross.  The bent tree below the cross has been suggested to represent the Irminsul, humiliated by the triumph of Christianity. The Externsteine were a center of religious activity for the Teutonic peoples and their predecessors prior to the arrival of Christianity in northern Europe.  Research into this area was carried out as early as 1564 by Hermann Hamelmann.  As early as 1926, the Externsteine was known as ‘one of the oldest and most important nature reserves in Lippe’ and was placed under protection. 

European BioHistory: Heck Cattle are a hardy breed of domestic cattle.  They are the result of an attempt to breed back the aurochs, which became extinct in 1627, a type of large wild cattle which inhabited Europe, Asia and North Africa.  They were developed by the Heck brothers in Germany.  Heinz Heck (1/22, 1894 – 3/5, 1982) working in Munich began creating the Heck breed in about 1920.  Lutz Heck (4/23, 1892 -4/6, 1983), director of the Berlin Zoological Gardens, began extensive breeding programs supported by the Nazis to bring back the aurochs.  The reconstructed aurochs fitted into the Nazi propaganda drive to create an idyllic history of the Aryan nation.  After the fall of the Nazis, almost all the Heck cattle were destroyed by the Allies.  The modern Heck cattle are descended from the few breed left in Munich.   Heinz Heck also worked on the breeding back projects of the Heck Horse, which strove to recreate the Tarpan (True European Wild Horse, ancestor of all European domestic horse breeds).  Heinz Heck also was critical in saving the Wisent (the European bison) from extinction.  [[Also the Wison? -The Iceland Wison has a dense, coarse coat, which, in the adult, is blue in color.  The hair is thick shaggy.  The males of the species have a large hump, full of fat, above its shoulders.  Both genders of the species have horns.  The legs of the Wison are heavy and covered in thick hair to protect it from the snow and ice. The Wison is an excellent swimmer, and its thick coat gives it perfect protection from the freezing waters, coupled with a generous layer of fat beneath.]]

Hitler was a Renaissance man, being a good artist, architect and lover of music and culture.  Because of this, most cultural events were subsidized somewhat by the State and were hence more accessible to the Common Man.  Art and history museums took on new life.  Libraries increased.  In 1934 Germany had 9494 public libraries, in 1940, 13,236.

 1933 - Strength through Joy (Kraft durch Freude, KdF) was a large state-controlled leisure organization in Nazi Germany.  It was a part of the German Labor Front.  Set up as a tool to promote the advantages of National Socialism to the people, it soon became the world's largest tourism operator of the 1930s.  KdF was supposed to bridge the class divide by making middle-class leisure activities available to the masses.  This was underscored by giving cruises passengers of mixed classes.  Another less ideological goal was to boost the German economy by stimulating the tourist industry out of its slump from the 1920s.  It was quite successful up until around the outbreak of World War II.  By 1934, over two million Germans had participated on a KdF trip; by 1939 the reported numbers lay around 25 million people.  The organization more or less collapsed in 1939, and several projects, such as the massive Prora holiday resort, were never completed.

Starting in 1933, KdF provided affordable leisure activities such as concerts, plays, libraries, day trips and holidays.  Large ships, such as the Wilhelm Gustloff, were built specifically for KdF cruises.  Borrowing from the Italian fascist organization (After Work), but extending its influence into the workplace as well, KdF rapidly developed a wide range of activities, and quickly grew into one of Nazi Germany's largest organizations.  The official statistics showed that in 1934, 2.3 million people took KdF holidays.  By 1938, this figure rose to 10.3 million.  By 1939, it had over 7,000 paid employees and 135,000 voluntary workers, organized into divisions covering such areas as sport, education, and tourism, with wardens in every factory and workshop employing more than 20 people.

The National Socialists sought to attract tourists from abroad, a task performed by Hermann Esser, one of the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda's secretaries.  A series of multilingual and colorful brochures, titled "Deutschland", advertised Germany as a peaceful, idyllic, and progressive country, on one occasion even portraying the ministry's boss, Joseph Goebbels, grinning and hamming in an unlikely photo series of the Cologne carnival.  KdF set up production of an affordable car, the Kdf-Wagen, which later became the Volkswagen Beetle.  [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the People against morale-crushing industrialism.]

Literature and Theatre: The majority of German films of the period were intended principally as works of entertainment. The import of foreign films was restricted by the Allies after 1936.  Entertainment also became increasingly important in the later years of the War when the cinema provided a distraction from Allied bombing and a string of German defeats.  In both 1943 and 1944 cinema admissions in Germany exceeded a billion.  Theatres flourished; the German movie industry produced about 100 feature films per year (of which not one was anti-American.  Some of the best classical recordings still extant were made in Hitler's Germany.  Actors from all over Europe, but mainly from France, Sweden and Italy were stars in German movies.

The German film industry introduced Agfacolor film production. Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will (1935), documenting the Nuremberg Rally (1934), and Olympia (1938), documenting the 1936 Summer Olympics, pioneered techniques of camera movement and editing that have influenced many later films.  German movie studios created hundreds of movies, only 2! dealt with the Jewish issue.  Jewish, black and mixed-race performers were welcome and enjoyed throughout Germany.   Germans watched Hollywood movies as often as anyone, until the Jews withheld distribution from Germany.

[The one best known Jew film was “The Eternal Jew”.  In 1933, the Jewish Talking Picture Company released a Yiddish-language film entitled The Eternal Jew.  A 1934 British version of The Wandering Jew, titled The Eternal Jew, attempted to tell the legend literally, taking the Jew from Biblical times all the way to the Spanish Inquisition.  In 1940, the Nazis released a documentary film entitled The Eternal Jew.  The film consists of feature and documentary footage.]

Joseph Goebbels was in charge of film policy in the Third Reich.  The first and foremost aim of National Socialist films was to entertain.  They were intended to be escapist and offer reassurance in the face of everyday hardships.  The further that these films were removed from reality, the better they functioned in National Socialist terms.  Almost all references to political life and the everyday life of the viewers were missing.  Goebbels initially wanted 50 percent of the entire film output to be propaganda, but in the end, only 15 percent were.  In accordance with the beloved slogan of the time (One people — one empire — one leader) the propaganda films emphasize either the superiority of the "Aryan race" ("Wunschkonzert," 1940), the superiority of the German Reich over its enemies ("Kadetten," 1941) or, of course, the superiority of the "greatest generals of all time" ("Der grosse König," 1942). –Gerd Albrecht

 Zarah Leander (3/15, 1907 – 6/23, 1981) was a Swedish actress and singer.  Leander began her career in the late 1920s, and by the mid 1930s her success in Europe, particularly in Germany and the Scandinavian countries, led to invitations to work in the US.  Leander was reluctant to relocate her children, and opted to remain in Europe, and from 1936 was contracted to work for the German Universum Film AG (UFA) while continuing to record songs.  Leander later noted that while her films were successful, her work as a recording artist was more profitable.  As a result of her choice to work for Germany, her films and song lyrics were viewed by some as propaganda for the Nazi cause, although she took no public political position.  Eventually she returned to performing throughout Europe.  Zarah Leander continued to be very popular in Germany for many decades after WWII.

All styles of music and dance were available.  Jazz and Swing, as typifying non-German music and dance were frowned upon, but tolerated even on State-run stations.  As in almost every field, the musicology of the Nazi era, in its concerns with questions of community, nationality and race, drew heavily on that of the Weimar Republic and before. 

Cheap cultural entertainment was also offered as were cheap vacations. Special hotels, inns, spas were located throughout the Reich on ocean beaches, lake waterfronts and scenic areas. 43 million workers and their families took day trips to two-week cruises there and abroad as offered by Strength through Joy movement between 1934-38.

 Visual Arts such as painting and architecture were excised of specifically Jewish elements.  The Government sought to restore traditional values in German culture.  The art and culture that came to define the Weimar Republic years was repressed.  The visual arts were strictly monitored and traditional, focusing on exemplifying Germanic themes, racial purity, militarism, heroism, power, strength, and obedience.  Modern abstract art and avant-garde art was removed from museums and put on special display as "degenerate art", where it was to be ridiculed.  In one notable example, on 31 March 1937, huge crowds stood in line to view a special display of "degenerate art" in Munich.  Art forms considered to be degenerate tended to be  Dada, Cubism, Expressionism, Fauvism, Impressionism, New Objectivity, and Surrealism.   These were not degenerate in totality, but only those which denigrated traditional German morals.   Literature written by Jewish, other non-Aryans, or authors opposed to the Nazis was banned by the regime.

[1)Dadaism is a cultural movement which peaked from 1916 to 1922.  It concentrated its anti-war politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works.  Its purpose was to ridicule what its participants considered to be the meaninglessness of the modern world.  In addition to being anti-war, dada was also anti-bourgeois and anarchist in nature.  The movement influenced later styles like the avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including surrealism, Nouveau réalisme, pop art, Fluxus and punk rock.

2)Cubism was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Jew Pablo Picasso and Jew Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture.  3)Expressionism was a cultural movement to present the world in an utterly subjective perspective, radically distorting it for emotional effect, to evoke moods or ideas.  4)Fauvism emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism.  The movement as such lasted only a few years, 1904–1908.

5)Impressionist paintings include open composition, emphasis on the accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities, ordinary subject matter, the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles.  6)The New Objectivity was an outgrowth of, and in opposition to, expressionism. The movement essentially ended in 1933 with the fall of the Weimar Republic.  7)Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s out of Dadism and features the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur.

Architecture: Despite the official attempt to forge a pure Germanic culture, one major area of the arts, architecture, under Hitler's personal guidance, was neoclassical, a style based on architecture of ancient Rome.  This style stood out in stark contrast and opposition to newer, more liberal, and more popular architecture styles of the time such as Art Deco.  Various Roman buildings were examined by state architect Albert Speer for architectural designs for state buildings.  Speer constructed huge and imposing structures such as in the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg and the new Reich Chancellery building in Berlin.  Future plans included a Germania Volkshalle built as a gigantic version of the Pantheon in Rome.   Also to be constructed was a Triumphal arch several times larger than that found in Paris, which was also based upon a classical styling. 

Arno Breker (7/19, 1900 – 2/13, 1991) was a German sculptor, best known for his public works in Nazi Germany, which were endorsed by the authorities as the antithesis of so-called "degenerate art".  He took commissions from the Nazis from 1933 through 1942, for example participating in a show of his work in occupied Paris in 1942.  He maintained personal relationships with Albert Speer and with Hitler.   Until the fall of the Third Reich, Breker was a professor of visual arts in Berlin.  While nearly all of his sculptures survived WWII, more than 90% of his public work was destroyed by the allies after the war.  After 1948, he continued to receive commissions for sculptures, producing a number of works in his familiar classical style, working for businesses and individual patrons.

Josef Thorak (2/7, 1889-2/26, 1952) was an Austrian-German sculptor.  In 1933 and in following years, Thorak joined Arno Breker as one of the two "official sculptors" of the Third Reich.  In his government-issued studio outside Munich, Thorak worked on statues intended to represent the folk-life of Germany under Nazi coordination; these works tended to be heroic in scale, up to 65 feet (20 meters) in height.  His official works from this period included a number of sculptures at the Berlin Olympic Stadium of 1936.

 Sporting activities were for every generation and included everything from swimming to gun clubs.  Health, beauty and physical fitness were promoted as never before.  Besides the major sports, other sports that gripped attention were flying (there was Hitler Youth flying training with their own sail planes), car races (British and Italian drivers dominated) and riding.  [Ideas which worked! -The Nazis, the saviors of the People against physical degeneration.]

Many popular traditional, cultural and regional festivals throughout Germany were promoted and treasured by the public.  All traditional arts and crafts were popular.  [In rural regions of Germany, especially the Harz Mountains, Walpurgisnacht celebrations of Pagan origin are traditionally held on the night before May Day, including bonfires and the wrapping of maypoles, and young people use this opportunity to party, while the day itself is used by many families to get some fresh air. Motto: "Tanz in den Mai!" ("Dance into May!").]

Volkstrum und Heimat programs sought to revive for urban populations the knowledge of and delight in old peasant and traditional customs songs dances and costumes.

There were many newspapers and magazines and broadcasting mediums which supported the nation.  Remember, there were left and right wings to the Nazi party.  Treasonous stories were not allowed.

Music produced had to fit within certain standards defined as "good" German music.  Suppression of specific artists and their works was common, yet musicians were permitted limited artistic freedom.  The Nazis attempted to create a balance between censorship and creativity in music to appease the German people.  According to Hitler and Goebbels (Hitler's second in command), the three master composers that represented good German music were Ludwig van Beethoven, Richard Wagner, and Anton Bruckner.  All three composers lived prior to the 20th century.

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) believed that "strength is the morality of the man who stands out from the rest."  Hitler identified himself with Beethoven as possessing that heroic German spirit.  Beethoven was so loved by the German people that his legacy of music was unrivaled by any other composer.

Richard Wagner (1818-1883) was Hitler's favorite composer.  During World War I, it is reported, he carried Wagner's music from Tristanin his knapsack.  Often Hitler had Wagner's music performed at party rallies and functions.  Wagner's music was uncompromisingly serious, and intensely Teutonic.  It was not only Wagner's music that 'struck a chord' with Hitler, but also his political views.  Wagner wrote a violently antisemitic booklet in the 1850s called Das Judebthum in die Musik (Judaism in Music) insisting the Jews poisoned public taste in the arts.  He founded the Bayreuth festival, which in the 1930s and 1940s was used by the Nazi party as a propaganda tool against the Jews.

Anton Bruckner (1824-1896), composer, considered himself a disciple of Wagner.  Bruckner and Wagner were contemporaries composing much of their music between 1845-1880.  Bruckner met Wagner in 1865 at the premiere of Tristan and Isolde in Munich.  He dedicated his Third Symphony to Wagner. Music historians have referred to Bruckner's Adagio of the Seventh Symphony as the Adagio of premonition.  It is music written with funerals in mind.  Wagner died shortly after Bruckner finished it in 1883.  Like Hitler, Bruckner had humble beginnings.  He never forgot his "peasant roots." Much of Bruckner's early training and education was under the guidance of Augustine monks.  He had a genuine love of nature and "the great German Fatherland."  To Hitler, Bruckner exemplified the people.  A movement from Bruckner's Seventh Symphony was played upon the news of Hitler's death in 1945.

Most musicians and composers who lived during the Third Reich were less fortunate in their ability to please the Führer.  For many musicians, survival meant compromise.  Many tried to strike a balance between allegiance to Germany and commitment to their work.  It was a difficult balance to achieve, knowing that to fail meant deportation or perhaps death.  The following musicians were all involved to some extent with the Third Reich.

Hans Hotter (b. 1909) is a classical opera singer Hitler regarded as "the greatest baritone of the future."  Even though Hotter was not a member of the Nazi party and had been known to make fun of Hitler at parties, he was given several prestigious positions within the Reich.

Herbert von Karajan (1908-1989), a wealthy gifted musician and conductor, was the youngest director of an opera company in Germany in the 1930s.  Karajan joined the Nazi party.  After the war he was banned from conducting until 1948.  He became the permanent director of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in 1958 and was considered one of Europe's most popular conductors.

Clemens Krauss (1893-1984), the child of the Archduke of Hapsburg and a Viennese actress, was an accomplished opera conductor. He was a favorite of Hitler, though he was not a Party member.  Krauss became a captive of Hitler's music ministry.  Though he tried to be transferred to Vienna on numerous occasions, Hitler insisted that he work in Munich.

Elly Ney (1882-1968), the daughter of a music teacher and an army sergeant, was a child prodigy.

Hans Pfitzner (1869-1949) called himself a German genius.  He was a rabid nationalist who believed that all art should serve the Fatherland.  He once tried to persuade Mahler that the most essential feature of Wagner's music was that it was German, rather than good.  Mahler responded that all great artists leave their nationality behind and strive to produce a masterpiece.  Pfitzner left the room in a fit of rage.  He was compared to Strauss, yet is almost unknown today.  His most famous opera was Palestrina.

Li Stadelmann was a harpsichord player who specialized in Bach's music.  She joined the Nazi party in 1933, stating, "Our German masters will find German interpreters."  She was an antisemite, who felt that Jews had no place in German culture or society.

   Richard Strauss (1864-1949) was appointed president of the Reichsmusikkammer (Reich Music Chamber) when Hitler came to power in 1933. Strauss accepted it as a way to get legislation passed which would benefit "serious" composers in a country he felt had become too commercial in its musical taste.  His primary interest was purely musical, whether or not a person was Jewish was irrelevant to him. He regularly refused to fire Jewish musicians and continued to work with Jewish librettist, Stefan Zweig.  In written statements to Zweig he indicated his aversion to political policies.  This politically incorrect stance put him at odds with the Nazi government.  Goebbels felt Strauss was opportunistic and distrusted him, considering his music borderline German.  Only his worldwide fame kept him from being a "persona non grata."  Because Strauss had Jewish relatives (his daughter-in-law) he was forced to deal cautiously with the authorities. There is a story that he attempted to visit his daughter-in-law's mother who was imprisoned at Terezín.  The camp guards refused him entrance.  Her photograph was returned to Strauss soon after her death. Strauss was forced to resign in 1935 after which time his music was censored by the Reichsmusikkammer.

   

      

    

    

Unlike the secularism of other Jewish controlled Western countries and the atheist Soviet Union which closed most churches.  620 (or 2500) churches were built under the Nazi government.  As late as the fall of 1944, the Waffen SS barracks supplied buses to take youth to either the nearest Catholic or Protestant church every Sunday.  To be a registered member of a Christian church did not prevent advancement in the National Socialist Party.  Hitler encouraged his officers to attend Sunday services.

       

   Franciscan friars gathered around some German soldiers 

  Many Protestant leaders initially welcomed the Nazis as an alternative to communism and Christians adopted a motto which now seems incomprehensible: "The Swastika on our breasts, the Cross in our hearts."

      

Germans had their State flag on the outside and inside of their Churches, so did Americans.  What’s the difference?

****Positive Christianity was a slogan of Nazi propaganda adopted at the NSDAP congress 1920 to express a worldview which is Christian, confessional, vigorously opposed to the spirit of "Jewish Materialism", and oriented to the principle of voluntary association of those with a common racial-ethnic background.  Adherents of Positive Christianity argued that traditional Christianity emphasized the passive rather than the active aspects of Christ's life, stressing his sacrifice on the cross and other-worldly redemption.  They wanted to replace this with a "positive" emphasis on Christ as an active preacher, organizer and fighter who opposed the institutionalized Judaism of his day. 

Positive Christianity grew out of the Higher Criticism of the nineteenth century, with its emphasis on the distinction between the historical Jesus, and the divine Jesus of theology.  According to some schools of thought, the savior-figure of orthodox Christianity was very different from the historical Galilean preacher.  In the writings of such anti-Semites as Emile Burnouf, Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Paul de Lagarde, Jesus was redefined as an "Aryan" hero who struggled against Judaism.  Consistent with their origins in Higher Criticism, such writers often either rejected or minimized the miraculous aspects of Gospel narratives, reducing the crucifixion to a tragic coda in Jesus's life rather than its prefigured culmination.  Both Burnouf and Chamberlain argued that the population of Galilee was racially distinct from that of Judea.  Lagarde insisted that German Christianity must become "national" in character. 

However, the party was careful to stress that Positive Christianity need not contradict the traditional theologies of established churches.  As early as 1920 the Nazis proclaimed in their 25-point program that the Party favored freedom of religion as long as it did not corrupt German morals or threaten the existence of the state, and that, "[t]he Party as such takes its stand on a positive Christianity but does not tie itself in the matter of confession to any particular denomination. It fights the spirit of Jewish materialism inside and outside ourselves."

 Dominican Friars

****Christians in Germany were about one third Catholic and two thirds Protestant.  A Concordant was reached with the Holy See in 1933.  The main points of the concordat are: 1) The right to freedom of the Roman Catholic religion. (Article 1);  2) The state concordats with Bavaria (1924), Prussia (1929), and Baden (1932) remain valid. (Article 2);  3) Unhindered correspondence between the Holy See and German Catholics. (Article 4); 4) The right of the church to collect church taxes. (Article 13);  5) The oath of allegiance of the bishops: (English: I swear and vow to honor the constitutional government and to make my clergy honor it; Article 16);  6) State services to the church can be abolished only in mutual agreement. (Article 18);  7) Catholic religion is taught in school (article 21) and teachers for Catholic religion can be employed only with the approval of the bishop (article 22);  8) Protection of Catholic organizations and freedom of religious practice. (Article 31);  9) Clerics may not be members of or be active for political parties. (Article 32)

The Catholic Church was naturally under suspicion as it was an International Body with non-Germanic allegiance.  Also, as today, with Priestly celibacy there were numerous cases of pederasty which was contrary to German mores.

By 1922 the German Evangelical Church Union formed as a federation with around 40 million members.  Because it was a union of independent bodies, the Church Union's work was limited to foreign missions and relations with Protestant churches outside Germany, especially German Protestants in other countries.  The German Christians were organized in 1931 and were led by Ludwig Müller.  In the church elections of November 1932, German Christians won two thirds of the vote.  The German Christians were a movement aligned towards the anti-Semitic and Führerprinzip ideological principles of Nazism with the goal to align German Protestantism as a whole towards those principles.

 Ludwig Müller (June 23, 1883 - July 31, 1945) was a German who headed the German Christians and was imposed by the Nazi government as (bishop) of the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union (6 July 1933) and Reich's Bishop (28 June 1933) of the German Evangelical Church.  (age ~50 in 1933)  He had been associated with Nazism since the 1920s.  He supported a revisionist view of "Christ the Aryan" (or a "heroic Jesus") as well as a plan of purifying Christianity of what he deemed "Jewish corruption," including purging large parts of the Old Testament.

In July 1933, the German Evangelical Church was created. It was formed under the influence of the German Christians, backing Ludwig Müller for the office of Reich bishop.  He did not manage, however, to prevail over the other federated church bodies, and after the installation of Hanns Kerrl as minister for church matters in a Führer-directive of 16 July 1935, the Protestant Reich Church was formed to oversee this body.  Like the idea of the Reich Concordant with the Catholic Church, the notion of a Protestant Reich Church, which would unify the Protestant Churches, also had been considered previously.  Hitler had discussed the matter as early as 1927 with Ludwig Müller, who was at that time the military chaplain of Königsberg.  When the unified Reich Church was formed, there was a split.  3,000 Ministers calling themselves German Christians stayed on.  9,000 Lutherans Ministers and 5,000 other Protestant Ministers calling themselves the Confessional Church wanted less unification.  (In 1948, freed from the German Christians' influence, the Lutheran, Reformed and United churches came together as the Evangelical Church in Germany.) [Why are Americans aghast about German national flags (swastikas) in churches, but allow US flags in theirs?]

The Confessional Church was led by Martin Niemöller, Dietrich Bonhoffer and Heinrich Gruber.  Initially the main complaint was the decision by Adolf Hitler to appoint Ludwig Muller, as the country's Reich Bishop of the Protestant Church. With the support of Karl Barth, a professor of theology at Bonn University, in May, 1934, these rebel pastors formed what became known as the Confessional Church. Even though some of these pastors were complainers, the Confessing Church remained staunchly loyal to Hitler.

   1933 - Karl Barth (May 10, 1886–December 10, 1968) was a Swiss Reformed theologian whom critics hold to be among the most important Christian thinkers of the 20th century; Pope Pius XII described him as the most important theologian since Thomas Aquinas.  Beginning with his experience as a pastor, he rejected his training in the predominant liberal theology typical of 19th-century European Protestantism.  Instead he embarked on a new theological path initially called dialectical theology, due to its stress on the paradoxical nature of divine truth (e.g., God's relationship to humanity embodies both grace and judgment).  Other critics have referred to Barth as the father of neo-orthodoxy — a term emphatically rejected by Barth himself.  The most accurate description of his work might be "a theology of the Word."  Barth's theological thought emphasized the sovereignty of God, particularly through his innovative doctrine of election.  For Barth, however, the Aryan clause was not so clearly related to his own theological preoccupation with natural theology as to merit immediate ecclesiastical action.  “I am decidedly not an philosemite, in that in personal encounters with living Jews(even Jewish Christians) I have always, so long as I can remember, had to suppress a totally irrational aversion, naturally suppressing it at once on the basis of all my presuppositions, and concealing it totally in my statements, yet still having to suppress and conceal it. Pfui! Is all I can say to this in some sense allergic reaction of mine.  But this is how it was and is.”

Heinrich Emil Brunner (December 23, 1889 – April 6, 1966) was a Swiss Protestant (Reformed) theologian.  Along with Karl Barth, he is commonly associated with neo-orthodox.  Brunner maintained that the Jews no longer have any claim or right to nationhood.  Their only hope, in his opinion is assimilation, is the dissolution of the synagogue, and their acceptance of the Christian faith."

Friedrich Gogarten (January 13, 1887 – October 16, 1967) was a Lutheran theologian, co-founder of dialectical theology in Germany. He became disillusioned with the Weimar Republic's pluralistic stance and pervasive individualism.  Later he joined Hirsch in calling on the state to preserve and enhance the life of the Volk.  By 1933 he was arguing for an authoritarian state and so gave his support to Hitler.

Paul Althaus (2/4, 1888-5/18, 1966) was a German Lutheran theologian and professor. Althaus was moderately critical of Lutheran Orthodoxy and evangelical-leaning Neo-Lutheranism.  He termed it a “mistake” to “defend the authenticity and infallibility of the Bible.”  Althaus supported the view of the divinely appointed orders of creation--nation, race and family--which he regarded as a "primal revelation."  He made no secret of his admiration for the Fuhrer, Germany's "pious and trusted governor."  Althaus never recanted his opposition to the Barmen Declaration, and upheld the traditional Lutheran view of Christian obedience to the existing rulers, including Hitler.

Paul Johannes Tillich (August 20, 1886 – October 22, 1965) was a German-American theologian and Christian existentialist philosopher.  Tillich is not held in high regard by biblical literalists many of whom think of him not as a Christian, but a pantheist or atheist.”  Tillich was antiNazi but supported Zionism, Communism and whose private life scandalized his colleagues.

Rudolf Karl Bultmann (August 20, 1884 – July 30, 1976) was a German theologian of Lutheran background, who was for three decades professor of New Testament studies at the University of Marburg.  He defined an almost complete split between history and faith, called demythology, writing that only the bare fact of Christ crucified was necessary for Christian faith.  Politically Bultmann early on expressed a negative judgment about Hitler's regime, but remained in his positions and remained throughout a staunch member of the Confessing Church.

Emanuel Hirsch (June 14, 1886/1888 - July 17, 1972) was a German Protestant theologian.  Emanuel Hirsch, probably Germany's most notable theologian at the time.  Hirsch was resolutely convinced that God had created each nation and race with its own special destiny.  Germany, he believed, had a peculiar God-given task. Its authenticity was to be found in the life of the people (Volk), in submission to whose corporate life individuals could find their true freedom. In place of the discredited doctrines of Throne and Altar, Hirsch elevated Volk and Race as the foci of political loyalty.  He persuaded himself that the nation's disastrous defeat in 1918 had been due to sabotage by foreign elements, especially the Jews. In the 1920s he unremittingly opposed all forms of internationalism, liberalism and ecumenism.  And in 1933 he warmly endorsed Hitler's campaign to restore Germany's national honor and reputation by cleansing the nation of alien elements. Hitler, he believed, had demonstrated a passionate will to regain freedom for the German Volk, so long "enslaved and shamed by power-mad and avaricious enemies."  He escaped denazification at the end of the war by obtaining an early medical retirement and pension from his University.  He was a professor at Göttingen University (1921-1945).   He wrote Luthers God’s Vision, 1918; Jesus Christ, the Lord, 1926; The resurrection stories and Christian Faith, 1940; Early History of Evangelicalism, 1941.  During Weimar he supported Alfred Hugenberg.  He became the spokesmen of the German Christians and theological advisor to the Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller later.  He considered Hitler in 1932 as the only hope for a national "rebirth".  After his rise to power, he wrote: "No single nation the world has as a statesman like ours, where there is so serious about the Christian, when Adolf Hitler on 1 May his great speech concluded with a prayer, has felt the whole world the wonderful sincerity in it."  Hirsch joined the NSDAP in 1937 and was a sustaining member of the SS.  He also joined the National Socialist Teachers' League and the National Socialist People's Welfare.  He had a crucial role in the dismissal of Karl Barth.

Almost everything that it is claimed began with the Nazis had historical antecedents.  This was a Renaissance to the past and the best of what Germany had offered.  The same is with Christianity.  There were many varieties of Christianity in the early centuries, some developing in the East and others called heresies in the West.  Critics object to the German Christian agenda of de-Judaizing of the Bible.  Even though the Confessing Church and the Lutherans and even the Catholics agreed on many aspects, it was the speed of development that was criticized.

Walter Grundmann (10/21, 1906- 8/30, 1976) was a German Protestant theologian during the Third Reich and DDR.  (age ~27 in 1933)  His own teachers included Adolf Schlatter and Gerhard Kittel.  He was a member of the Nazi party from 1930 onwards, and from 1933 onwards an active member of the German Christians.  He was made head of the newly-founded Institute for the Study and Eradication of Jewish Influence in German Church Life in Jena, which was meant to serve state anti-semitism by the "Entjudung" (dejudifying) of the Bible and giving anti-Semitic theological training.  Despite his past Nazi activities, Grundmann regained some prestige as a theologian in the DDR; in 1959 he published his comments on the Gospels, which by the 1980s had become standard popular literature.

Gustav Adolf Deissmann (11/7, 1866 – 4/5, 1937) was a German Protestant theologian, best known for his leading work on the Greek language used in the New Testament, which he showed was the koine, or commonly used tongue of the Hellenistic world of that time.  He was Professor of Theology in Heidelberg, and later for very many years Professor of Theology in the University of Berlin—the most important theological Chair in the Reich.  On September 12, 1914, he laid down the lines which the German Protestants had to follow during the war. It is published under the title, “The War and Religion”. : “The war has steeled our religion”, “We Germans can't believe in anything but a German God”. “Our present religion is national and German, and we preach a German God!  A German, a national God!”  “Christianity is the religion of war”.   “You are the salt upon earth,”  “I am proud to preach the religion of might and what our enemies call barbarism.”  “Only in a German cloak can the real Christ breathe.” Professor Deismann attended international Christian congresses from 1925 onwards as head. 

Most Christians down the ages had seen Jesus as an opponent of Judaism, or, rather, taking their lead from St John's Gospel, had seen `the Jews' as an enemy of Jesus.  The German Christians developed the theory that, as an Aramaic-speaking Galilean, he was probably racially descended from the `Aryan' Assyrians who had conquered and populated Galilee in the 8th century BC; that his true Aryan teaching, which now found its culmination in Nazi Germany, had been corrupted by the Jewish writers of the Gospels and by the Jewish St Paul to suggest that Christianity was the fulfillment of prophesies in the Old Testament.  It was therefore essential not only to exclude the Old Testament from the Bible, but to purge the New Testament, prayers, psalms etc from all Jewish material.   Moreover, Christians who were of Jewish ancestry had to be purged from the Church: the teaching that baptism is sufficient to make someone a Christian was rejected.  Nor did they stop at calling for the `purification' of the Church: they also espoused the physical Expulsion of the Jews.

The "Nazis" did not invent the concept of an "Aryan Jesus" who was at odds with Judaism and the Old Testament itself.  Any casual look at the past of Christianity will demonstrate that these beliefs were quite common in its past.  Pre-Christian (BC) religious communities like the Mandeans and Hellenistic Gnostics already considered the practice of the Hebrews (and their god) to be the works of the Devil himself, while early Christians in the likes of Valentinians, Manicheans, and Cathars viewed Jesus as the antithesis of the Hebrew god of Genesis and as its enemy.  In fact, modern research (and most honest study of the historical reality of Judea at the time) has come to the conclusion that it is indeed very difficult to know if Jesus was a Hebrew, although they can CLEARLY affirm that he was NOT a Judean but a Galilean (which were actually descendants of Roman Gauls).  Jesus viewed the Pharisees as the developers of modern Judaism and fought them tooth and nail until getting crucified for his attempt.

The Third Reich did not invent these philosophical and religious perspectives, they are in fact one of the oldest strands of Christian thought (Gnosticism).  Of course, the Nag Hammadi library was discovered after the Third Reich's existence, so their sources and perspectives must have been influenced by Cathar literature and other Gnostic literature.  The term ‘Gnostic’ is now shown to have wide definitions.

One of the institute’s preoccupations was to de-Judaize Jesus.  Along with some other distinguished German biblical scholars of the time, Grundmann and his colleagues contended that Jesus descended from the non-Jewish population of Galilee, that he struggled heroically against Judaism, and finally fell into the hands of the Judean officials who had him put to death.  For Germans in the 1930s and early 1940s who were struggling against what they were told was an international Jewish conspiracy, the “Aryan Jesus” was proposed as a symbol of their own struggle.  Their task was to complete successfully the struggle that the Aryan Jesus had begun.  As a means toward that end, some “German Christians” saw the need to divest Christianity of its Jewish elements and to produce a purified Christianity fit for the future thousand-year Reich.   The impetus for this project came first of all from the long German tradition of theological anti-Judaism.

Jesus represented a different image of God than the Jewish one.  The Church would keep the Old Testament as a low-grade religious historical set of documents illustrating the decline of Judaism from the true worship of God.  Jewish national morality and popular religion" had been overcome and overtaken, by Christianity and the curse of God resting on these people.

In February 1939 Grundmann lectured on the question of the oldest form and the original meaning of the Sermon on the Mount.  In it he argued that the oldest version of the Sermon on the Mount (Luke 6,20-49) did not contain any Jewish or Old Testament motifs, which were later brought in by the Hebrew Evangelist Matthew.  (See ****Biblical Criticism) Jesus' concern was the struggle against Judaism.  He had rejected the rabbinical interpretation of Old Testament commandments in the Halacha (the oral tradition of interpretation of the Torah) and compared the "Jewish revenge thoughts" and Jewish Supremacy tribal love to the personal "Abba-God" of individual forgiveness and love between all people.  That is why the Jewish leaders in Palestine had demanded his crucifixion.

In 1939 with the approval of 75% (!!) of the German Protestant churches the Eisenacher "Institute for Research and the Elimination of Jewish influence on German Church Life" was founded, led by Walter Grundmann.  One of its main tasks was to compile a "People's Testament" (German: Volkstestaments) in the sense of what Alfred Rosenberg called a "Fifth Gospel", to announce the myth (story) the "Aryan Jesus".

It became clear in 1994 that the Testament's poetic text was written by the famous ballad-poet and proprietor of the Eugen-Diederichs-Verlag, Lulu von Strauß und Torney. Despite broad church support for it (even many Confessing Christians advocated such an approach, in the hope that the disaffiliation of 1937 to 1940 could be curbed), the first edition of the text did not meet with the expected enthusiastic response.

In 1940 the Institute published a `Volkstestament', its own version of the New Testament.  The three Synoptic Gospels were amalgamated into one, in the process cutting much of Matthew, the most pro-Jewish of the Gospels, as well as the genealogy of Jesus, his circumcision and all references to his Messiahship. [This author questions this last comment]  Out went references to his meekness; instead he is presented as a fighter.  (See Late 800’s  –“The Heliand” The Saxon Gospel)  Negative comments about “the Jews” in John’s gospel were highlighted.  St Paul was too important to Lutherans to be excluded altogether, but his Epistles were stripped of all autobiographical references to himself as a Jew.  Prayer books were purged of concepts like contrition and hope for forgiveness;  the expression Divine Service was replaced by Divine Celebration;  1,971 out of 2,300 hymns had Jewish-influenced expressions removed - even from Luther's `A Mighty Fortress is our God' - and more `virile' and militaristic texts songs about war and the “fatherland” were added in 1941.  A new catechism in 1941 included such injunctions as `keep the blood pure' and `honor the Führer' and presented Jesus as a Galilean whose message and conduct stood in opposition to Judaism.  These publications were widely circulated and had great influence.  While many in the German Christian movement wanted to jettison the Old Testament, some (mainly professors of Old Testament) wanted to retain it as evidence of Jewish perfidy and degeneracy, often using the ancient Israelite prophets’ denunciations against the Jewish people of the present.

(Does the reader have German or English translation of this German Bible?)

There was of course some opposition to the `German Christians', most notably from the Confessing Church to which some 20% of Protestant pastors belong (as opposed to 25-33%) who adhered to the `German Christians').  These would not give racialism priority over baptism.  But very many of the Confessing Church members were as anti-Semitic as the `German Christians'.  Some wanted to keep the Old Testament because the OT prophets almost always denounced the vices of the Jews.  Some defended St Paul's teaching as a sharp refutation of the `Jewish-pharisaic spirit';  some worried that the attack on the roots of the New Testament might turn into an attack on Christianity itself.

It is interesting how reluctant the Nazi leaders were to give the Institute the whole-hearted backing it had expected - not, of course, because they disapproved of its attack on Judaism, but because they were wary of the churches anyway, and Alfred Rosenberg, a minor Nazi ideologue, was actively hostile to Christianity.  Rosenberg wanted to embrace ancient Nordic mythology.  The Institute was never formally an organ of the Nazi Party, and some Nazis even mocked it for still being Christian at all;  and the display of the swastika or other Nazi emblems inside the churches was prohibited.  All this gave many of its members the possibility to argue after the war that their work had been purely academic and not political, and that they had been loyal members of the Church rather than of the Party which some of them had the effrontery to claim they had opposed - the most they had done was to oppose Nazi paganism.  The anti-Judaism of their writings, they said, was after all a classic Christian motif.

The Churches:

a) Roman Catholic (40% in 1939) South Germany

b) Protestant (54% in 1939) North & East Germany

c) The "Confessing Church", (20% of Protestants) including famous names like Martin Niemöller, held that present-day Jews are evil, but that the Old Testament, with its Jewish origins, forms a permanent part of the Christian religion.  These CC pastors were generally supportive of "non-Aryan" Christians, i.e. Jews who had undergone the Christian baptism.   The Confessing Church was not motivated by moral outrage over antisemitism, as much as by the regime's interference in matters that were wholly within the church's province.  The controversy was thus over church autonomy and church/state demarcation, not over the morality or immorality of persecuting Jews.  The Confessing Church's rebellion was directed at the regime's ecclesiastical policy, not at its overall political and social objectives.  

On November 13, 1933 a rally of German Christians was held at the Berlin Sportpalast, where — before a packed hall — banners proclaimed the unity of National Socialism and Christianity, interspersed with the omnipresent swastikas.  A series of speakers addressed the crowd's pro-Nazi sentiments with ideas such as: the removal of all pastors unsympathetic with National Socialism; the expulsion of members of Jewish descent, who might be arrogated to a separate church; the implementation of the Aryan Paragraph church-wide; the removal of the Old Testament from the Bible; the removal of "non-German" elements from religious services; the adoption of a more "heroic" and "positive" interpretation of Jesus, who in pro-Aryan fashion should be portrayed to be battling mightily against corrupt Jewish influences.

d) The "German Christians" (30% of Protestants) embraced a more "racial" anti-Semitism.  They agreed that Jews are evil, but, in addition, also held that Jesus was not a Jew, and that those portions of the New Testament that say otherwise need to be revised.  These pastors of the GC were more enthusiastic supporters of Hitler (although, generally, the Confessing clergy, including Niemöller despite his imprisonment at a certain stage, lost few opportunities to declare their loyalty to the regime).  One of the more comical aspects of the story is how each side accused the other of being less anti-Semitic than it should be.

Some authors suggest that the Nazis were trying to impose Pagan beliefs upon the Germans, but only 3.5% of the Germans described themselves as Neo-pagan as late as 1944.  Neo-pagan simply meant the Odinic religion before 1000ad.

 ****Gerhard Kittel (September 23, 1888- July 11, 1948) was a German Protestant theologian and was named as an official theologian by the Nazi party.   Kittel was the son of Old Testament Professor Rudolf Kittel, who was an expert on Judaism of the Old Testament Period, instructor and, later, a rector of the University of Leipzig (1917 - 1919).  In 1933 he took over the new edition of the Theological Dictionary of the New Testament from Hermann Cremer and Julius Kögel. With the publication of his article "The Question of the Jews" in 1933, Kittel became involved with the Nazi exclusion policy.  In 1935, Kittel became one of the founding fathers of the (The Government Institute for the History of the New Germany).  He was an active contributor to the work of the sector involved with the Jewish question.  In 1936 he also worked for the Munich branch of the (Research Institute of the Jewish Question).  From the autumn of 1939 to April 1943 he held the chair of the Theology department in Vienna.

Hitler wanted Kittel to make a new German Bible translation to replace Martin Luther’s Bible, which at that time most German’s still used at that time.  After the Second World War, Kittel was jailed for his Nazi war crimes.  During his war crimes trial, Kittel claimed that his acts were “imposed on him by God,” and Gerhard Kittel argued that “agreement with the State and with the Fuhrer was obedience towards the law of God.”

He was still highly respected by the international community as editor of the Theological Dictionary of the New Testament.  Kittel and his father Rudolf, are responsible for what have become the two most eminent works in Theology over the past century, the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, which is a retranslation of the Old Testament Hebrew, parting from the traditional Masoretic Text. OT Biblia Hebraica is the foundation of every Modern Bible Translation, coupled with the Nestle-Aland Greek, including even the Jewish New Testament.   Kittel wrote a 10 volume Biblical Greek Lexicon Kittel's Theological Dictionary of the NT.  The first 7 volumes were written while Kittel was Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda, while the last three volumes of his Biblical Greek Lexicon were done while he was in jail for his Nazism.

The German Faith Movement founded by Jakob Wilhelm Hauer adopted a more thoroughly Aryanized form of the ideology, claiming to represent the essence of the "Protestant" spirit by mixing aspects of Christianity with ideas derived from "Aryan" religions such as Vedic Hinduism and "Aryo"-Persian religiosity (Manicheanism, etc.). They attempted to separate Nazi officials from church affiliations, banning nativity plays and calling for an end to daily prayers in schools.

Jakob Wilhelm Hauer (4/4, 1881– 2/18, 1962) was a German Indologist and religious studies writer.  (age ~52 in 1933)  He was the founder of the German Faith Movement.  He served as a missionary in British India from 1907 to 1911.  In 1920 he formed the Bund der Köngener, a youth movement that grew out of groups of Protestant Bible circles who had come into contact with the Wandervogel tendency. Initially little more than a more organized version of the Wandervogel, the Bund, which was for a time led by Rudolf Otto, became attracted to the ideals of the Völkisch movement, especially as Hauer began to move more towards developing his own religion, which aimed for a greater unity amongst Germany's faiths towards common goals.  It had initially been hoped that it might be adopted as the state religion of the Third Reich but this did not happen and as it began to decline Hauer left in 1936. 

    "The Jews Are Our Misfortune!"

More on the German Christian Movements:

In 1896 Arthur Bonus advocated a "Germanization of Christianity".  Max Bewer alleged in his 1907 book (The German Christ), Jesus stemmed from German soldiers in the Roman garrison in Galilee [Jesus was not a Jew (Judean)and Galileans were not Jews] and his preaching showed the influence of "German blood".  He concluded that the Germans were the best Christians among all peoples, only prevented from the full flowering of their spiritual faculties by the materialistic Jews.  Julius Bode, however, concluded that the Christianization of the Germans was the imposition of an "un-German" religious understanding, and that Germanic feeling remained alien to it and so should remain exempt from it.

On the 400th anniversary of the Protestant Reformation, in 1917, the Flensburg pastor Friedrich Andersen, the writer Adolf Bartels and Hans Paul Freiherr von Wolzogen presented 95 Theses on which a "German Christianity on a Protestant basis" should be founded.  It stated :  “The newer racial research has finally opened our eyes to the pernicious effects of the blood mixture between Germanic and un-German peoples and urges us, with all our forces, to strive to keep our Volkstum pure and closed.  Religion is the inner strength and finest flower in the intellectual life of a people, but it can only strongly affect expression in popular culture ... a deep connection between Christianity and Germanness can only be achieved when it is released from this unnatural connection, wherever it stands nakedly approached by the Jewish religion. ”

For the authors of the Theses, the "angry thunder-god" Jehovah was the same as the "Father" and "[Holy] Ghost", that Christ preached and that the Germans would have guessed.  Childlike confidence in God and selfless love was, to them, the essence of the Germanic "people's-soul" in contrast to Jewish "menial fear of God" and "materialistic morality."  The Church was not an "institution for the dissemination of Judaism", and that the Bible should be cleansed of Jewish influence.  Jesus could be used as a model for "self sacrifice" and "male heroism".

In 1921 Andersen wrote (The German Saviour), in which he opposed Jewish migration as an apocalyptic decision: “Who will win, the six-cornered star or the Cross? - The question is, for now, not yet evident. The Jew goes on his way purposefully, in any case ... his deadly hatred will defeat his opponent.  When the Christian Good Friday is celebrated, it should at least not weigh in his dreams; ...otherwise there could come a whole lot of terrible Golgothas, where Jews across the whole world dance their jubilee songs on the grave of Christianity as heirs of a murdering people, singing to the Jahu they destroyed.”  Against the "contamination by Jewish ideas", the Churches and the State should be mutually supports, and then Christianity would win back its status as "a religion of the Volk and of the struggle" and "the great exploiter of humanity, the evil enemy of our Volk [would] finally be destroyed".

Arthur Bonus (1/21 1864 -4/6 1941) was a Protestant minister, author and representative of a Germanized Christianity.  Religion Als Schopfung (1902) ; (The German Christ) 1907; Also more historical cultural books

Max Bewer (1/19 1861 – 10/13 1921) was a German writer and poet. In 1906, German and Scandinavian supporters proposed him for the Nobel Prize for literature.  Between 1890 and 1914 he wrote on the "Jewish question.”   In 1907, he wrote "The German Christ" which aimed at the synthesis of Germans and Christianity and on the basis of the "Jews" as the common enemy of all Germans and all Christians. 

Julius Bode (10/4 1876 – 4/11 1942) was a German pastor and politician.  He was a staunch opponent of the Communists and Socialists.

Friedrich Karl Emil Andersen (7/15 1860 – 4/15 1940) was a Protestant theologian and founder of the German Christians.  In 1907, he wrote Anticlericus in which he called for a return to the "pure" gospel of Jesus Christ.  The Old Testament should not be pronounced, and the Jews were not the chosen people of God.  The Ten Commandments are "Jewish" and the Jewish people carry the blame for everything evil in the world.    WW I was the fulfillment of a divine mission.  After the war, Andersen wrote of a "Jewish world conspiracy."  

Adolf Bartels (11/15 1862 – 3/7 1945) was a German journalist and poet.  Known for his völkisch worldview, he has been seen as a harbinger of National Socialist anti-Semitism.

Hans Paul Freiherr von Wolzogen (11/13 1848 – 6/2 1938) was a German writer, editor, librettist, and editor.  In 1928 Wolzogen signed to the founding manifesto of the nationalist -minded, anti-Semitic campaign League for German Culture. In 1936 he wrote that Hitler "is the embodiment of a nationalist spirit".   In 1938, he wrote “Jesus German Faith.”  He identified with the Nazi party and joined Alfred Rosenberg's Militant League for German Culture even before the Nazis took power in 1933.

Artur Dinter (6/27 1876-5/21 1948) was a German writer and Nazi politician.  In 1917, he wrote the  anti-Semitic bestseller ("The Sin Against the Blood").  In 1927 he founded the ("Spiritual Christian Religion Community"), which in 1934 was given the new name (German People's Church).  Its goal was to "de-Judaicize" Christian teaching.  The Old Testament was dismissed as Jewish. 

Jakob Wilhelm Hauer (4/4 1881-2/18 1962) was a German Indologist and religious studies writer.  He was the founder of the German Faith Movement.  In 1920 he formed the Bund der Köngener, a youth movement that grew out of groups of Protestant Bible circles who had come into contact with the Wandervogel tendency.  In 1934 founded the German Faith Movement, which combined a number of existing communities in a Völkisch faith.  Hauer had admiration for Hinduism and had hoped that it might be adopted as the state religion of the Third Reich.

Christian Heinrich Arthur Drews (11/ 1, 1865-7/19, 1935) was a German philosopher, writer, and important representative of German Monist thought.  Along with Bruno Bauer, Arthur Drews is one of the best known representative of the Christ myth theory, which disputes the existence of a historical Jesus.  His work ("The Christ Myth") (1909) expounded this theory, arguing that the figure of "Christ" arose from mystical and apocalyptic ideas of the period, that indeed everything about the story of Jesus had a mythical character, and that it was therefore not necessary to presuppose that a historical Jesus had ever existed.  Albert Schweitzer dedicated a chapter to Drews's thesis in his Life of Jesus (1913) and Nikolai Berdyaev observed that Drews, "in his capacity as a religious anti-Semite", argued against the historical existence of Jesus "for the religious life of Aryanism."  Drews condemned Nietzsche as an "enemy of everything German", as an individualist whose thought was antithetical to National Socialism, and for granting the Jews a prominent place in his political philosophy.   Drews ultimately embraced a form of Germanic Neopaganism and was instrumental in early attempts during the Nazi era to unite the various German pagan organizations into a unified body.

Ernst, Count Reventlow (8/18 1869 – 11/21 1943) was a German naval officer, journalist and Nazi politician.  Reventlow’s group allied themselves with the more socialistic wing of the NSDAP headed by Gregor Strasser which favored genuine socialistic measures and an alliance with the Soviets against the western democracies.  Though a power in the party to the end, this group became less influential as Hitler turned to overt militarism and antisemitism after attaining power.  Reventlow supported a theory first proposed by Lesley Fry, who had conceived the Protocols of the Elders of Zion as part of a conspiracy theory according to which a group led by the "cultural Zionist" Asher Ginzberg plotted world domination.  At the time Ginzberg supported an international Jewish cultural and political revival rather than a single Jewish state.  Reventlow named Fry as his source for his own thinking on the origins of the Protocols.  Reventlow’s antisemitism was never racial, as was Hitler’s, but cultural, and this led to his involvement with the German Faith Movement.  Reventlow quickly became disillusioned with this however, returning to Christianity even before the German Faith Movement was suppressed by the government in 1937.  Reventlow's actively practiced Christianity to his death.

Ernst Bergmann (8/7 1881-4/16 1945) was a German philosopher and proponent of Nazism.  (age ~52 in 1933)  His works (the German National Church) and (The Natural Doctrine of the Spirit) were placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, the Roman Catholic list of banned books, in 1934 and 1937 respectively.  In his work (Twenty-five Points of the German Religion), he held that the Old Testament and portions of the New Testament of the Bible were unsuitable for use in Germany.  He also claimed that Jesus was not a Jew, but rather of Nordic origin [through Galilee].  He called Adolf Hitler a new messiah, and the German swastika was a suitable symbol to replace the Christian cross.

Herman Wirth (5/6 1885-2/16 1981) was a Dutch-German lay historian and scholar of ancient religions and symbols.  Wirth served as the leader of the Nazi research division Ahnenerbe until 1937 when he left the group entirely, succeeded by Walter Wüst.  His works generally supported the historical folk religion of Germany, and his primary interest was in the legends surrounding the legendary continent of Atlantis.

Ludwig Fahrenkrog (10/20 1867 – 10/27 1952) was a German writer, playwright and artist. He had an insistence on the religious nature and mission of art.  The "religious mission" in question is the revival of the pre-Christian Germanic faith and the rejection of Christianity, which is hinted at in paintings such as Lucifer's Lossage von Gott (Lucifer's Renunciation of God, 1898).  The first group started by Fahrenkrog was the (German League for the Culture of the Personality), which also supported a publication called ("More Light!", the famous last words of Goethe).  He was also involved with the (German Religious Community [DRG]), or later (Association of the German Faithful [DGG]).  In 1916, the group set out ten points of common belief which they later published in (The German Book).

Lothar Stengel-Rutkowski of (9/3 1908 – 8/24 1992) was a doctor, an advocate of the National Socialist racial hygiene and poet 

Louise "Lulu" by Elizabeth Strauss and Torney (9/20 1873-6/19 1956) was a German poet and writer.  She helped in the production of a jew-free New Testament.

Christian Churches or other Groups that were philo-Semitic because of identification and adoption of a fantasy Old Testament Israel were potential enemies of the People and allies with the Jews.  Groups which had adopted any type of dual salvation, another philo-Semitism, as derived from the Scofield Bible or similar false interpretation of the Bible were also potential enemies of the People and allies with the Jews.

    

****Some quotes from Hitler's most powerful Nazis and sympathizers on how they felt about Christianity, Church and God:

“I take the Bible, and all evening long I read the simplest and greatest sermon that has ever been given to mankind: The Sermon on the Mount! 'Blessed are they who suffer persecution for the sake of justice, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven'! -- Joseph Goebbels

“When today a clique accuses us of having anti-Christian opinions, I believe that the first Christian, Christ himself, would discover more of his teaching in our actions than in this theological hair-splitting. -- Joseph Goebbels

“I swear before God this holy oath, that I shall give absolute confidence to the Fuehrer of the German Reich and people. -- Heinrich Himmler, reminding his hearers about the oath taken by all SS men as well as by the military forces

“God gave the savior to the German people. We have faith, deep and unshakeable faith, that he [Hitler] was sent to us by God to save Germany. -- Hermann Göring

“No matter what human beings do I shall some day stand before the judgement seat of the Eternal.  I shall answer to Him, and I know he will judge me innocent. -- Rudolf Hess, in a statement to the Nuremberg Tribunal

“We commit ourselves, and we demand this commitment not only from the elected representatives of the church, but above all from all Protestant men and women, to service in our communities!  We want to serve: through tireless recruitment to our worship; through chivalrous intervention for the poor and needy, through defence of our faith;... through true Evangelical witness in public. -- Erich Koch

“The Protestant League stands very close to the NSDAP.  It is consciously German and, through moral and religious power, wants to contribute to the building up of the German people. -- Hans Schemm

“It is henceforth the goal of the Education Ministry that every child in Bavarian schools shall be made familiar with the principles of the Christian and national state.... Religious instruction is nothing other than service to the soul of children.  Faith in God and the personality of the teacher must be expressed in a realistic instruction filled with religious sincerity. -- Hans Schemm

Cardinal Faulhaber of Munich who visited Hitler at his mountain retreat in Obersalzburg confessed:  “Without a doubt the chancellor lives in faith in God.  He recognizes Christianity as the foundation of Western culture...”

And on Hitler's allegiance to his "true" Christian spirit:  “I do not remember even a single occasion when Hitler gave any instructions that ran counter to the true Christian spirit and to humanness”. -- Wagener

You will find it in Mein Kampf:  "Therefore, I am convinced that I am acting as the agent of our Creator. By fighting off the Jews, I am doing the Lord's Work."  Hitler said it again at a Nazi Christmas celebration in 1926: "Christ was the greatest early fighter in the battle against the world enemy, the Jews ... The work that Christ started but could not finish, I -- Adolf Hitler -- will conclude."

"To be sure, our Christian Cross should be the most exalted symbol of the struggle against the Jewish-Marxist-Bolshevik spirit."

Hitler was fond of invoking the Ten Commandments as the foundation of Nazi Germany:  "The Ten Commandments are a code of living to which there’s no refutation.  These precepts correspond to irrefragable needs of the human soul."- Hitler

“Christ is the genius of love, as such the most diametrical opposite of Judaism, which is the incarnation of hate.  The Jew is a non-race among the races of the earth.... Christ is the first great enemy of the Jews.... that is why Judaism had to get rid of him.  For he was shaking the very foundations of its future international power.  The Jew is the lie personified.  When he crucified Christ, he crucified everlasting truth for the first time in history. -- Joseph Goebbels

“In ideological training I forbid every attack against Christ as a person, since such attacks or insults that Christ was a Jew are unworthy of us and certainly untrue historically. -- Heinrich Himmler

“Germans must fight Jews, that organized body of world criminals against whom Christ, the greatest anti-Semite of all time, had fought. -- Julius Streicher

In boundless love as a Christian and as a man I read through the passage which tells us how the Lord at last rose in His might and seized the scourge to drive out of the Temple the brood of vipers and adders.  How terrific was his fight against the Jewish poison. -- Hitler, in a speech delivered April 12, 1922.

“We have not fought to build a paganistic temple, but to unite the German Volk for all eternity.  We do not build temples against the Christian church, we do not want Valhalla as a substitute for a Christian heaven. -- Bernhard Rust

"I may not be a light of the church, a pulpiteer, but deep down I am a pious man, and believe that whoever fights bravely in defense of the natural laws framed by God and never capitulates will never be deserted by the Lawgiver, but will, in the end, receive the blessings of Providence." -- Adolf Hitler, in a speech delivered on July 5, 1944.

Goebbels: 11/15 1931 diary “we modern Germans are something like Christ-socialists.  Christ is the genius of love, and as such the diametrical opposite of Judaism, which is the incarnation of hate.  The Jew represents an anti-race among the races of the earth. ….  In Christ the idea of sacrifice first took visible form.  Sacrifice is intrinsic to the very nature of socialism.  Devote oneself to the cause of others.  Naturally the Jew cannot begin to understand this.  His socialism means: sacrifice others for one’s own sake.  That is what Marxism produces in practice…The battle which we are fighting today till victory is secured, or to the bitter end, is in the deepest sense a battle between Christ and Marx.  Christ: the principle of love.  Marx: the principle of hate.”

“The future belongs to National Socialism since, like Christianity itself, it is founded on love, and reconciliation between high and low, rich and poor.”

      

Christian Knighthood against the foes of Christendom: Jewish Communism & Jewish Materialism

****Individualism in the Third Reich:

The folkish romanticism of the countryside in the 19th century was battling soulless industrialization, which was bringing an automation and conformity of society.  Add to this the extreme individualism of the Weimar (Republic).   Jews embodied the cunning and ruthless pursuit of self-interest as well as an utter lack of personal authenticity.  There were more incidents of Jews taking unfair advantage of home buyers and fraudulently securing welfare payments.  Jewish bar owners forced dancers to sleep with them to acquire work.

Germans strove for authenticity.  Personality had been a catchall concept for over fifty years as a substantial and creative notion of the individual rather than the shallow and materialistic individual of the liberal age.  German competence, creativity and initiative were compared to Jewish cleverness, dishonesty and lack of authenticity.  Self-reliant and authentic Germans were opposed to Bolshevik robots and Anglo-Saxon plutocrats.  

Taken from 19th-century middle‐class culture, popular Vitalism with its emphasis on the individual decision for a fuller “life,” and the insistence that consumption and authenticity were not incompatible—continued to be influential.  Vitalism is the belief that living things are alive because they contain a special "vital force", that their being alive is not some emergent property. This was a common hypothesis in the past; Aristotle even identified three types of vital force: the vegetable soul, the animal soul, and the rational soul.  Vitalists could argue that belief in vitalism is more conducive to human dignity than the belief that we are nothing but biochemical robots.

Authenticity is a technical term in existentialist philosophy, and is also used in the philosophy of art and psychology.  In philosophy, the conscious self is seen as coming to terms with being in a material world and with encountering external forces, pressures and influences which are very different from, and other than, itself.  Authenticity is the degree to which one is true to one's own personality, spirit, or character, despite these pressures.  A lack of authenticity is considered to be bad faith.

The National Socialist organizations enhanced, promoted and emphasized Individualism and Community.  Strength through joy brought Consumerism with pleasure, comfort, and choice.  Affordable clothes, shoes, and cars offered a realm of personal choice, while apartments, suburban homes, and the nearby lakes allowed for temporary relief from metropolitan stress.  German individualism was defined as Courage and initiative, Heroism, achievement, and consumption.  The Youth of all classes enjoyed the Labor Service.  The city youth were stripped of any metropolitan influence.  Typical confession was I was “free from urban arrogance….as genuine as the peasants with whom I will work.”  Besides this communitarian involvement, active lifestyles and retreats were encouraged.

Housewives were raised as individuals and entitled to comfort, self-regeneration, and some private time.  They were to have a “Vacation” corner for the woman in the apartment, do gymnastics, listen to music and read books. They were able to cut down on domestic duties to dominate their household instead of the other way around.  To use their motherly nature, women no longer were restricted to social work and teaching, but also able to work in medicine, physiotherapy and technical assistance in laboratories or clinics.

An Anti-bureaucratic message was taught and the government enhanced, promoted and emphasized the role of individual responsibility and initiative.  In contrast to the highly standardized bureaucracy of Weimar there was now the possibility of truly individual care.  The government provided light and fresh air to tenants, legal advice to the poor and career counseling to everyone.  There was more suburban housing and sufficient supply of land was laid aside for first-time buyers.  Suburban trains were made better and more comfortable.  Jobs were granted on personality rather than social class.  Home ownership and garden cultivation was facilitated.

National Socialism spread the gospel of courage initiative and responsibility to create individual warriors.  The cultures of the working class and the nobility, Christian religion and German nationalism were not separate from Nazism.

****Nationalism vs Nationhood – As in many definitions, there is a simple meaning and an exaggerated meaning.  There are several definitions for nationalism, patriotism and the like, with several other terms splitting off of these. These terms have had different meanings over time and their meanings are highly dependent upon context, geography, and philosophy.  I suggest that usually any ‘ism’ leaves objectivism and becomes ‘principle, belief or movement’.  Nationalism is the belief that the state is of primary importance, or the belief that one state is naturally superior to all other states.  In some cases the identification of a national culture is combined with a negative view of other races or cultures.  Nations with a strong sense of nationalism or patriotism, tend to be militarily aggressive.  Germany was only striving for nation-hood or integralism which emphasized collective identity - a 'people' must be autonomous, united, and express a single national culture.  Integral nationalism is a belief that a nation is an organic unit, with a social hierarchy, co-operation between the different social classes and common political goals.  Germany was only trying to combine its pre-Versailles territories of other Germans.  Germany needed to fight its enemies out of defense.  In contrast, Britain and the Soviet Union were expansionist, overtaking other nations, not their own.  The US has certainly now taken over this uber-nationalist, uber-patriotic role, especially for their own profit and that of Israel.  Palingenetic ultranationalism is a theory concerning generic fascism formulated by British political theorist Roger Griffin.  The key elements are that fascism can be defined by its core myth, namely that of "national rebirth" — palingenesis.  “National rebirth”, what can wrong with that?

 At the 1933 Berlin Motor Show, Hitler announced a Motor Racing Program to develop a “High Speed German Automotive Industry”.  Volkswagen is already being prototyped and the Autobon introduced.

Feb 27, 1933 - The Reichstag burns.  A Dutch Communist commits this action as a signal for communist uprising.  (Proof is that he was harbored and defended by Jewish Communist interests.)  Jews lie that it was Nazi lit.  (International Jewish press is already lying about atrocities toward German Jews.)  Goebbels says this was needed, because Hitler and Goering were succumbing to Hindenburg’s bourgeois spell.  It was used as an excuse for the cancellation of certain civil and political liberties, enacted by the aged President Paul von Hindenburg and the right-wing coalition cabinet led by Hitler.  12/23 Marinus van der Lubbe is found guilty of arson and sentenced to death for setting the Reichstag fire.

March 5 Election:

1. 2. 3.

1.President Hindenburg and Chancellor Hitler: “The Reich will never be destroyed if you are united and loyal.”

2. “In the deepest need Hindenburg chose Adolf Hitler for Reich Chancellor. You too should vote for List 1.”

3. “Bill for the Social Democratic Party (SPD), presented by the starving German people.” It lists the alleged sins of the Socialists, and concludes: “German people! That is fourteen years of serfdom.  Never forget it!  Now you must demand payment.  You will receive that payment if you vote for Adolf Hitler.”

Mar 5, 1933 Nazis win 44% of the vote (including other rightists, 52%).  Later referendum, 98.8%

****Prison Camps: Prison camps were not new to any Western nation.  Prison camps for political inmates were not new to any Western nation.  Weimar Germany had camps for political inmates which included both Communist and Nazi activists.  Even by 1939, there were no more than 40,000 political inmates in German prison camps.  Others were straight criminals or Jews waiting to be expelled from Germany.  In 1934, there were 5,166,950 Germans who voted no on the Enabling Act.  So it was patently untrue that you could not criticize the regime without be sent to the camps.  Camps might have different missions throughout the duration of the Third Reich.  Work camps were different than prison camps, but in the literature are lumped together. 

 Inmate Baggage to be Claimed

Daily Routine in the Camps:

5am wake up, make beds, coffee

6am roll-call, work groups assembled, leave for work

12pm lunch break

12:30 return to work

6pm end of work, return to camp, roll –call, food rations issued

9pm lights out  In the evenings was entertainment in the barracks and camp facilities.

Miscellaneous Prison, Work Camps: (dates might not be accurate):

March 12, 1933 - First prison camp opened at Oranienburg outside Berlin to maintain order.; 3/4 Esterwegen, a prison camp, opens near Hannover.  In 1936 the camp was dissolved and used till 1945 as a prisoner camp, for political prisoners and later for prisoners of the decree Nacht und Nebel.   It roomed 2000 (protective custody prisoners).

 March 22 - Dachau prison camp is open for criminals.  About 200,000 inmates were here throughout and many released or transferred.  Deaths stood at 25,613 from all causes.  This was a Gentile camp.  From 1934-1938 the camp system seldom exceeds 20,000 throughout Germany with a population of 60 million.  From 1933 to 1938, the prisoners were mainly German nationals detained for political reasons.  Subsequently, the camp was used for prisoners of all sorts.  Even so, there are more inmates per capita in the US today then in Nazi Germany.

4/10 Wittmoor prison camp opens near Hamburg.  It closed October 1933.; 4/15 Osthofen prison camp opens in Hessen.  For communists 3,000 internees imprisoned in this camp. The detention duration amounted to usually 4 to 6 weeks, in individual cases up to one year.  By August it was closed.

5/3 Sachsenburg (Sachsen) prison camp begins as a "protective custody" facility for dissidents such as Jehovah's Witnesses.  It closed in 1937.  6/24 The Association of Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany states that they have no quarrel with the Nazi regime and its principles except for swearing an oath of loyalty to Hitler.

7/5 Kemma (Rheinland) prison camp goes into operation.  There was a major release of prisoners in October 1933. The camp was closed in January 1934, just six months after it opened.; 7/22 Colditz (Sachsen) prison camp goes into operation and is closed 5/31, 1934.  Starting in 1939, allied prisoners were housed there.; 9/4 Fuhlsbuettel (Hamburg) prison camp is opened.  It was built as a regular prison in 1879.

10/1 Theodore Eicke (see 1932), commandant of Dachau, publishes "Disciplinary Camp Regulations".  It will later be used as a guide for the expanding Nazi prison camp system.

12/29 Hohnstein (Sachsen) prison camp is opened.

1934 1/19 Kemma prison camp is closed.; 4/23 Brandenburg concentration camp is closed.; 1935 1/8 Columbia Haus prison in Berlin opens and is closed 10/5.; 1936 7/12 Sachsenhausen prison camp is opened.; 1938 5/3 Flossenburg prison camp opens in Germany. ; 8/8 Mauthausen, the first prison camp in Austria opens.; 12/13 Neuengamme prison camp is established as part of Sachsenhausen.

1939 5/15 Ravensbrueck, a prison camp for women, is established.

1940 6/14 Auschwitz is set up as a prison camp for Polish political prisoners.

When the Allies came, they released all inmates, many being criminal.  Most camps were used after the war to house German soldiers and civilians.

Professional criminals responsible for high crime rates in the lax Weimar Republic were first occupants.  There was meant to be no permanent prisoners.  There were Transfer prisoners.  Those convicted of violent crimes were executed.  Most inmates were there for sentences.  These prison camps were different than traditional prisons as they were considered Education camps, as the inmates were given many opportunities to grow into productive citizens, to be re-entered into the wider German community.  There were political prisoners: Communists and (protective custody prisoners).  Opportunities included supervised living arrangements as half-way homes.  Asocial or work-shy inmates were even given their own housing with their families and their progress was reviewed every 3 months, many to be released after that time.

Prominent prisoners were given luxury conditions.  These were inmates who posed a treasonous problem.  There were hundreds who received a bottle of champagne every day, plus whiskey, cigarettes, chocolates and books.  These prisons were set up in castles, former luxury hotels and country estates.  The high-society inmates included diplomats, industrialists, manufacturers, high-ranking clergymen and aristocrats. 

As the War progressed, newer camps were set up near towns where manufacturing existed.  The older camps brought in opportunities to help the War Effort.  Most camps had all of these facilities: cinema, swimming pool, hospital with medical and dental help for all inmates, library and post office.   Activities included these and orchestra, theater sculpture and art classes, university lectures, camp brothel from 1942 (privilege), religious facilities for every denomination, sport facilities like soccer fields, handball areas, fencing classes and other exercise facilities, perhaps a Sauna. 

The Camps had an incentive system where through extra work inmates could obtain coupons redeemable for cake or ice cream in the Camp Cantina, which also had extra toiletries etc.   There was a Camp complaints office where inmates could register complaints or make suggestions.  Usually any inmate could register a complaint about other inmates such as "Kapos" and even guards.  *A system of strict discipline for guards and also for inmates, with severe punishment being handed out against those found guilty (for even slapping an inmate).

Marriages took place.  Child care was offered.  Births were often.  There was a jail within the more open, non-criminal camps.  Working inmates were paid and could spend the money in canteens, brothels and stores.  Crematoria existed as per capita rate in any city.  There were bunk beds and shared beds (sometimes 3 bunks high), usually a closet for each internee, running hot water and showers.  Internees changed their laundry once a week and every second week changed their sheets and linens.  Internees worked eight hours a day. 

Repeated lie: Nazis use fluoride in the water as sedative.  "While a member of the Communist Party, I attended Communist underground training schools … We discussed quite thoroughly the fluoridation of water supplies and how we were using it in Russia as a tranquilizer in the prison camps.  The leaders of our school felt that if it could be introduced into the American water supply, it would bring about a spirit of lethargy in the nation; where it would keep the general public docile during a steady encroachment of Communism.  We also discussed the fact that keeping a store of deadly fluoride near the water reservoir would be advantageous during the time of the revolution, as it would give us opportunity to dump this poison into the water supply and either kill off the populace or threaten them with liquidation, so that they would surrender to obtain fresh water.  "We discussed in these schools, the complete art of revolution: the seizure of the main utilities, such as light, power, gas and water, but it was felt by the leadership that if a program of fluoridating the water could be carried out in the nation, it would go a long way toward the advancement of the revolution." -Oliver Kenneth Goff, 1957  (The Internet repeats, generalizes and exaggerates lies.  I’ve read that the Germans spread fluoride to their people, but the only reality is that the Russians dosed the German POW’s in their camps, but to what percentage?  There is no fact that shows the Germans ever having done it to their own People, let alone to camps in their charge.)

Also a falsehood: During the first two World Wars, bromides were administered to service men to dim the libido in an attempt to inhibit forays into local bordellos. 

How can they be death camps IF there is a Hospital to take care of the weak and infirmed?  How can it be a death camp IF the old die weak and infirmed over 70 years of age.  How can it be death camp IF there are small children, easily ‘useless eaters”.

Dachau / Buchenwald

 A Kapo or prisoner functionary was a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise others or carry out administrative tasks in the camp.  Also called "prisoner self-administration", the prisoner functionary system minimized costs by allowing camps to function with fewer SS personnel.  The Kapo served the role of a Prison Trustee.  The origin of "Kapo" is unclear.  Some think it is an acronym, Italian for ‘head’ or the French word for "Corporal.  The Kapos were sometimes as many as 10% of the inmates.  The Kapos often did this work for extra food, cigarettes, alcohol or other privileges.  Kapos and other privileged prisoners who enjoyed "many pleasures of life" in the limit of what an imprisoned man can do - access to foodstuff, medicines, alcohol, plundered goods, even personal servants picked from the ranks of their most unfortunate fellows.

These tasks were originally assigned to criminal prisoners, but after 1939, political prisoners began to displace the criminal prisoners.  The political prisoners were often communists who were habituated towards violence.  There were tensions between the various nationalities as well as between the various prisoner groups, who were distinguished by different Nazi concentration camp badges.  Jews were over-represented in criminal endeavors, so there were many Jew Kapos.  Often German-Jew Kapos were harsh to Polish or Russian Jew inmates.

Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto used to say: "If you want to escape, try it on the gate where a German guard is watching; you have a chance.  Don’t try it at a gate were a Ukrainian is watching, he beat and rob you first.  NEVER try it at a gate were a Jewish police man watches, because he beat and rob you and then sent you back."

If the Kapo was a terror to the inmates: "The moment he becomes a Kapo, he no longer sleeps with them.  He is held accountable for the performance of the work, that they are clean, that the beds are well-built. [...]  So, he must drive his men.  The moment we become dissatisfied with him, he is no longer Kapo, he's back to sleeping with his men.  And he knows that he will be beaten to death by them the first night."-Heinrich Himmler, June 21, 1944

Camp Punishment in order of severity: Warning with threat of punishment, Additional work, Temporary transfer to a punishment company, Arrest, Severe arrest with withdrawal of food, Arrest in solitary confinement, Beating (25 blows).  Prior to execution of the beating punishment an examination by a physician was required.  Death sentences required approval by the RSHA prior to execution.

In Auschwitz, every SS man had to sign a declaration reading word for word as follows: "I am aware that only the Führer possesses life and death decision-making powers over enemies of the State.  I am not permitted to injure or kill any enemy of the State (inmate).  Any killing of an inmate in a concentration camp requires the personal approval of the Reichsführer SS.  I am aware that I will be severely called to account for any violation of this regulation."

Severe steps were taken against SS men guilty of committing crimes against inmates: two camp commandants - Karl Koch of Buchenwald and Hermann Florstedt of Majdanek - were executed by the National Socialists themselves.

“The hygiene question is a very heavy responsibility for the administration, nearly all the inmates, especially the Jews from the East and South East have to be trained in this respect for they show a particular fear of keeping themselves clean. In parts there have to be very strict measures in order to train the prisoners out of their superstition.  When having a shower bath they wrap up their lice in a piece of paper and hide it in their mouth in order to have them in their new clothes, as they are of the opinion that whoever has lice will not become ill.”- The Franke-Gricksch Report, May 1943

 German prison camp badges, primarily triangles, were used in the in the Nazi-organized countries to identify the reason the prisoners had been placed there. 

Single inverted (base on top)triangles: Red triangle—political prisoners: liberals, communists, trade unionists, royalists, social democrats and socialists, Freemasons, anarchists.  Green triangle— "professional criminals" (convicts, often Kapos, serving in exchange for reduced sentences or parole).  Blue triangle—foreign forced laborers, emigrants.  Pink triangle—sexual offenders, mostly homosexual men but rarely rapists, zoophiles and paedophiles.  Purple triangle—Bible Students, a term taken from a name of, and primarily referring to, Jehovah's Witnesses, though a very small number of pacifists and members of other religious organizations were also imprisoned under this classification.  Black triangle—people who were deemed "asocial elements" and "work shy" including: Roma (Gypsies), who were later assigned a brown triangle, The mentally ill, Alcoholics, Vagrants and beggars, Pacifists, Conscription resisters, Prostitutes, Some anarchists, Drug addicts, and Lesbians.  Brown triangle—Roma (Gypsies) (previously wore the black triangle).  Uninverted red triangle—an enemy POW, spy or a deserter.

People who wore the green and pink triangles were convicted in criminal courts and may have been transferred to the criminal prison systems after the camps were liberated.

Double triangles: Disabled Jews with a black triangle on a yellow -"asocial Jews".  Two superimposed yellow triangles, the "Yellow badge"—a Jew.  Red inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jewish political prisoner.  Green inverted triangle upon a yellow one—a Jewish "habitual criminal".  Purple inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jehovah's Witness of Jewish descent.  Pink inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jewish "sexual offender".  Black inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—"asocial" and "work shy" Jews.  Voided black inverted triangle superimposed over a yellow triangle—a Jew convicted of miscegenation and labeled as a "race defiler".  Yellow inverted triangle superimposed over a black triangle—an Aryan (woman) convicted of miscegenation and labeled as a "race defiler". 

In addition to color-coding, some groups had to put letter insignia on their triangles to denote country of origin.  Also, repeated offenders would receive bars over their stars or triangles, a different color for a different crime.: A political prisoner would have a red bar over his/her star or triangle; A professional criminal would have a green bar; A foreign forced laborer would have a blue bar;  A Jehovah's Witness would have a purple bar; A homosexual or sex offender would have a pink bar; An "asocial" would have a black bar; A Roma (Gypsy) would have a brown bar.

 Number Tattoo: Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes.  Later for more complete identification, in 1941, it was applied to the upper left part of the breast.  In March 1942, the same method was used in Birkenau.  Later numbers were tattooed on the left forearm.  The last tattoo in 1945 ended with the number 402,499.

  

One job for the inmates was to sort out piles of eyeglasses, hair, shoes, hairbrushes, prayer shawls, etc. which had been sent from all over Germany to be reused or remanufactured.  Hair, in large enough quantities, could be used in the production of textiles, whereas eyeglass lenses and frames, seemingly no longer useable, were recycled to make new eyeglasses etc.  These were no the belongings of ‘gassed’ victims.  Inmates’ hair was shorn, only some belongings were confiscated, and some died of disease or old age.

The Work Part of Work Camps: (pictures from Glebokie, Poland Camp)

 

Clothing Warehouse / Clothes and hats storeroom

Clothing / Clothing / Felt-boots / Felt-boots / Felt-boots

    

Shoemaking / Shoemaking / Shoemaking / Slippers manufacturing

    

Hat manufacturing / Looms to spin threads / Ironing / Laundry

  

Tanners / Leather processing / Weaving / Knitting

 

Box manufacturing / Printing house / Printing house / Sign workshop

    Mattress production / Shoe polish production / Carpentry / Plant nursery

    

Blacksmith / Tinsmith / Welding / Oil production

Oil production / Dachau? / Munitions factory, Dachau

  

Armaments factory (Camp?) / Tailor's workshop (Camp?)

  

Jewelry / Neuengamme Brick factory / Buna-Monowitz Chemistry lab

  

Lodz Ghetto, Poland, laundry / Neuengamme Inmates in the garden

 Social Democratic Party (SPD) inmates hold a placard which reads "I am a class-conscious person, party boss/SPD/party boss." Dachau concentration camp, Germany, between 1933 and 1936.

All Camps are run the same way, French, Dutch and others are rather similar to the German-run ones.

Other Camps’ Pictures:

 

Rivesaltes, France (1942) Boy Scouts / Rivesaltes Children cared for by the OSE / Ravensbrueck Gypsy inmates

Stutthof Rabbit cages and livestock (1940 - 1945) / Stutthof camp lunch break (Oct 1939) / Siemens factory, Auschwitz

 

Women prisoners pull dumpcars /

  

Gusen, Austria, May 1945, Camp Church / 10/27, 1942 Wedding at Ferramonti with Rabbi / Sachsenhausen at Mess hall

****Nazi Medical Experimentation:

The defense of the German doctors rested on the argument that their procedure was standard Western medical practice, and they submitted cartons of documentation of experiments on human beings in Western hospitals to prove their case, including an exhaustive volume, entitled, “Experiments on Human Beings in World Literature”, by Dr. Erich H. Hahlbach," which describes such experiments as those conducted on "eight hundred convicts from three American prisons" artificially infected with malaria, who presumably volunteered for this experiment, prisoners in Turkey sentenced to death, infected with typhus, prisoners sentenced to death infected with plague, etc.  The defense pointed out that "Out of fifty-three printed sources quoted, seventeen state that the subjects consented.  In thirty-six the matter was not mentioned in any way and in several of these cases it appeared that the subjects might not have presented themselves willingly."  The defense's argument was that experimentation with human beings had been accepted medical procedure.  The question, they asked, is whether "medical experimentation can be considered a crime".  The prosecution did not argue this.

Arguably the German doctors were more humane and received more informed consent, despite the preponderance of Jewish propaganda.  It’s very hard to secure accurate data of German medical experimentation.  Through torture-coerced testimony, Jewish lies and repeated lies and securely buried German records, the Truth will not soon be discovered.  Many of the Jews who were infirmed and tested on went on to live generously long lives, while their doctor benefactors were hung.  There are still Jews in 2010, 65 years after the War which had been ‘experimented on’ alive, long after Germans their age have died.

Dr. Josef Mengele (see 1979) was a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi labor camp Auschwitz-Birkenau.  Mengele was a wonderful doctor, saving inmate lives, and curing illnesses.  Although Dr. Mengele was not the Head of Medicine at Auschwitz, he was a Chief Doctor with a staff of 5 or six Jewish doctors.  Normal practice is that theoretical work (planning, research, drawing up reports, management, contacts, etc., etc.) was done by the (brilliant) Chief (Mengele) and the more clinical work, by the deputies.  

 Carl Clauberg (9/28, 1898 – 8/9, 1957) was a German medical doctor at the Auschwitz camp.  (He appears to be a Jew.)  Clauberg was a highly respected professor and gynecological researcher.  

45% of the physicians in Germany became members of the Nazi Party.  This was the highest ratio of Nazi party membership of any profession.  By 1942, more than 38,000 doctors joined Nazi Party (almost 50%).  Many were Nazi-supporting Jew or partial Jew citizens.  The attraction was the biomedical vision with its emphasis on biology, research support, as well as, career opportunities.

The laws which the German doctors followed was a Weimar law passed in 1931 (before Hitler) with respect to animal and human experimentation required that German doctors must first conduct their experimental procedures on animals before proceeding to human beings.  This law was never abrogated in Nazi Germany and is similar to laws in the United States today.  All experiments with human beings are and were first conducted on animals, and experimenters in and out of Nazi Germany had to validate this procedure.  

Allies’ examples: These types of laws had historically been used in the West: "The use of human beings to confirm that a microbe caused a particular disease to demonstrate the mode of transmission was a harsh legacy of the germ theory of disease.  Unable to find a suitable animal model in which to study the disease, physicians turned to human subjects.  Before the discovery that monkeys could be infected with syphili and gonorrhea, the search for microbes of venereal disease prompted more than forty reports of experiments in which individuals were inoculated with the suspected germs of gonorrhea and syphilis.  In 1895 New York pediatrician Henry Heiman...described the successful gonorrheal infection of a 4-year-old boy ("an idiot with chronic epilepsy"), a 16-year-old boy (an "idiot") and a 26-year-old man in the final stages of tuberculosis"

>Usually the human beings used for experimental purposes were--and are-- the disenfranchised, populations of prisoners, orphans, the mentally retarded, charity patients of all kinds.  For an informed consent to be considered ethically valid, there must be full disclosure.  This entails that the potential participant must be thoroughly informed as to the purpose of the research, the procedures to be used, the benefits to the participant, if any, and the potential risks and discomforts of participating in the research.  Yet the doctrine of "informed consent" proves to be practically inoperable in the case of institutionalized people, particularly children, because usually it is the institution's supervisor who is responsible for giving "informed consent" and usually gives it.  A goodly percentage of these supervisors and the experimenters in the West are Jewish.

>As an example of continuing human experimentation in the West (to the current day), Eileen Welsome's book, "The Plutonium Files," (Dial Press, 1999), documents radiation experiments on human beings in the US from the 1940s, after the ‘exposure’ of Nazi experiments and the articulation of the Nuremburg Code in 1947.  Some of the doctors who conducted these experiments and were later interviewed about them, confessed that they knew of the Nuremberg Code, but did not think it applied to them--that code was for the barbarian Nazis.

>Welsome writes, "Physicians performed experiments on healthy people and sick patients without informing them of what was going on or getting their consent.  Sick patients were preyed on most frequently.  They were convenient, plentiful, and vulnerable, since nontherapeutic procedures could be administered easily under the guise of medical treatment....Terminally ill patients were perhaps the most vulnerable group of all....Women, children, unborn fetuses, minorities, the mentally retarded, schizophrenics, prisoners, alcoholics, and poor people of all ages and ethnic groups were targets."

We never hear about the Reich Germans attempting to treat diabetes, cancer or heart disease and vastly increasing this medical knowledge.

 The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) was founded in 1919 and today it coordinates activities between the 188 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies within the Movement.  The Federation leads and organizes, in close cooperation with the National Societies, relief assistance missions responding to large-scale emergencies.  It is based in Geneva, Switzerland.  In 1963, the Federation (then known as the League of Red Cross Societies) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with the ICRC.

 The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (see 1863) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate: 1917, 1944, and 1963.  States parties (signatories) to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977 (Protocol I, Protocol II) and 2005, have given the ICRC a mandate to protect victims of international and internal armed conflicts.  Such victims include war wounded, prisoners, refugees, civilians, and other non-combatants. 

The German Red Cross (current), or the DRK, is the national Red Cross Society in Germany.  With over 4.5 million members, it is the third largest Red Cross society in the world. The German Red Cross offers a wide range of services within and outside Germany. For instance, it is the biggest operator of emergency medical services in Germany; it runs nursing homes and offers social services for teenagers and families.  It also spends millions on humanitarian aid projects in the third world.

The Red Cross was aware of the camps from the beginning of the war and they began sending packages to the inmates of the major Nazi concentration camps, starting in August 1942; by February 1943 the Red Cross was sending packages to all the Nazi concentration camps.  From the Autumn of 1943 to May 1945, the Red Cross distributed 1,112,000 packages containing 4,500 tons of food to the Nazi concentration camps, including the Theresienstadt ghetto and the Auschwitz camp.  The ICRC managed to register the identities of about 105,000 detainees in the concentration camps primarily to the camps Dachau, Buchenwald, Ravensbrück, and Sachsenhausen.  In addition, the Nazis allowed packages to be sent to the concentration camp prisoners from friends and relatives outside the camps.

Red Cross, Civilian and Officer Visits to Camps: There is a wide discrepancy about visits, I have tried to be reasonable.  Apparently Civilian groups and the more honor-demanding SS officers were able to visit all camps rather frequently to view conditions.  The German Red Cross visited often.

With my limited resources, I’ve only seen these ICRC Red Cross visits: On 9/27, 1944, the ICRC visited Auschwitz. The Red Cross inspection teams were allowed to speak to prisoner representatives alone, in order to hear first-hand of any mistreatment, chicanery, interruption of mail and parcel delivery, health concerns, food and ration matters etc.      In June 1944, the ICRC visited Theresienstadt.  The detractors claim that the Germans modeled it for the visit, yet on 9/13, 1942, the Nazis had opened shops in Theresienstadt where the Jews could buy second-hand clothing and other goods.  Eventually 8 such shops were opened.  On 12/8, 1942, the Nazis had opened a cafe, facing the main square in Theresienstadt, where the Jewish inmates could meet to socialize and listen to music.  On 5/12, 1943, a bank was opened in Theresienstadt and camp money was printed to pay the Jews for their labor in the ghetto factories. This money could be used at the ghetto cafe or to buy items at the ghetto shops.  In July 1943 the numbers and letters on the streets and buildings were changed to names.  In January of 1945, the Germans, in the midst of a horrific war, invited the Red Cross to come in the camps and stay for the duration.  They declined.

In recent years, the International Red Cross has been severely criticized for giving the Nazis good reports after their inspections; they even praised the Nazis for their diligence in delivering the Red Cross packages despite the hardships of the war.  According to the Red Cross statistics, 99% of the American Prisoners of War in the German POW camps returned home after the war, due largely to the packages containing food and typhus vaccine which were delivered from America by the Red Cross right up to the end of the war.  The Soviet Union did not allow the Red Cross in any of their camps during the war because they had not signed the 1929 Geneva convention and they were not required to open their gulags (concentration camps) or Prisoner of War camps for inspection.

Red Cross Nurses / Buchenwald Medical Care /

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

****Further Preliminaries of the Holohoax:

The Holocaust of World War II is a fabrication.  Many Jews were Secular or Nationalist Germans, many of these even fought for the Third Reich.  During the Weimar Republic, many foreign, mostly Polish Jews immigrated and bought up German industry, media, and speculative land.  The German Nation was prejudiced against International Judaism, not their middle class Jewish Neighbors.  The ‘Holocaust’ was a minor footnote in all WW II histories.  Churchill and Eisenhower, among many others do not even mention it in their extensive memoirs.

Within the camps, most deaths were caused through Typhus.  Victims of typhus lost weight very rapidly because of nausea. In 1945, there was no cure for typhus.  Most Camp Inmates were not undernourished in spite of constant Allied Air Attacks.  Photos used at Nuremburg were only of the most emaciated inmates.  It has been shown that 90-95% of photographs taken by the Allies showed natural prison camps with adequately healthy inmates.  These are not shown by biased Western media.  There was absolute no proof of Human Gas Chambers.  The only gassing was fumigation for lice from clothes. 

 Camp    Modern City Crematory

Crematories existed as they do in any relative sized town.  Also their capacity was no greater than of that time, 1 or 2 a day.  This is why some bodies were stacked to be burned at the end.  Also current satellite imagery shows no disruption of soil where bodies are said to be buried in mass.  In 2011, America’s state of the art crematoriums can only burn a body in 2 hours.

In propaganda, “Special Treatment” has evil connotations, but “Special treatment” was medical care.   Benedikt Kautsky’s mother was aged 79 and give special care until she died at 80. She was given a separate room and a special diet.  Kautsky wrote the book “Devil and Damned” after the was and the first edition was burned.  Benedikt Kautsky (11/1, 1894 -4/1 April 1960) was an Austrian economist and financial expert.

There were huge transfers of Civilians after the War and national boundaries changed.  The World Population of Jews was in fact higher after the War than before it.  By June 1965, 3,374,500 Jews were very much alive and demanded indemnity from Germany.  By June 1973, 500,000 Israelis claimed to have been in a concentration camp.  By 2000, 55 years after the War, there were still over a million Jews claiming reparations as Camp survivors- a remarkable number, higher longevities than any other race.  Many Jewish relatives were lost, much like all other populations, in post war population transfers and name changes.  There are three basic Jewish homelands, Russia, US and Israel.  After the war, Alyia Bet chartered 64 ships to transfer Jews to Palestine.  Emigration of Jews started as early as 1933 or before from many European nations.  For example, Jews from Greece were immigrating to Palestine at least five years before the German invasion.  These emigrates were listed among the imaginary numbers of the Holocaust.  US immigration took in many Jews under categories of German, Austrian, Polish, Russian, Hungarian.  Thousands of Jews were still in Berlin at the end of the war living freely.  It is estimated that upwards of 50,000 Jews still lived freely within German territory.

There were different kinds of camps, much like the tiered system in the US.  Labor camps had both inmates serving time doing labor and non-inmates being paid for their labor. Before a certain date, Volunteers came to the labor camps from all over Europe to help in the German war effort and for the good pay, after a certain date, the Germans brought in Forced Laborers, but these Laborers were paid better than the German workers themselves.  They received the same amount of pay as the locals, but also received free room and board. 

Jews were about 20% of the camp population in Germany.  Dachau for instance was nearly all Gentile.  Majdanek at Auschwitz was claimed to have 4 million Jews killed there.  In reality as proven by documents after the fall of Soviet Union show that about 70,000 of all races and all causes died there throughout the war. 20% would be 14,000, a long ways from 4 million. Auschwitz was primarily a transfer camp for the Jews to leave Germany.  In all the camps in Germany only 373,804 died.  Ten percent were executions, and the rest were typhus, old age, and natural causes mostly at the disruptive end of the war.  Jews were 20%, hence 75,000 Jews total.  Germans were still driving the Jews to emigrate up to October 1941.  Other groups are also still being constantly revised downward such as Roma or Gypsies and homosexuals.  Jehovah Witnesses’ deaths have been revised downward from 60,000 to 200 (from all causes).  Roma deaths estimated as high as 600,000, official number is 500,000, but there were only 20,000 living in the borders of Germany and there were 50,000 in 1979 and 200,000 in 1997.

One might even state that inmates in the camp system were safer from the War than the urban civilians who nearly all experienced Fire-Bombing from the Allies!

Gas chambers (more information later): In 1945 it was announced that gas death chambers existed in all concentration camps in Poland, Germany, Austria and Alsace.  Some 15 years later, in 1960, this was revised to the new claim that gas chambers existed only in camps located in Soviet held Poland.  Simon Weisenthal of the Los Angeles Holocaust Center states in the paper, "Books and Bookmen", April 1975, page 5, "No gassing took place in any camp on German soil."  The pressure had been growing since The Vatican, Red Cross, English Intelligence and German Intelligence chiefs Canaris and Oster (who collaborated with the British) either did not know or did not believe in rumors of gassings.  This brings up the following questions: 1).Germans are meticulous record keepers but there is not one order for the construction of any gas chamber, no blueprint, no photo of any gas chamber or gassed victims.  2).There have been thousands of investigations of alleged Nazi war criminals, hundreds of trials, yet not one person was ever accused of being involved with actual gassings! No reliable witness on either side has ever come forward who saw a single person gassed - AND THERE ARE SUPPOSED TO HAVE BEEN OVER 10,000 MASS GASSINGS!  3).Photos of bodies at Dachau and Belsen camps are of prisoners who died of typhus and malnutrition. Many Germans also died from typhus.  4).The Vatican and Red Cross interviewed thousands of freed camp inmates at the end of the War about alleged gas chambers.  The response was always the same, "The detainees themselves have not spoken of them" (Red Cross document No. 9925, June 1946).

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

No real evidence for the gas chambers, experts admit: Many of the leading scholars of the Holocaust have stated on record, that the actual evidence to prove the Nazis operated homicidal gas chambers, is virtually non-existent. Following are a few of their admissions of this fact:

Jew Professor Arno J. Mayer, whose Jewish family fled Luxembourg in 1940, wrote in his 1988 book Why Did the Heavens Not Darken: "Sources for the study of the gas chambers are at once rare and unreliable." "Most of what is known is based on the depositions of Nazi officials and executioners at postwar trials and on the memory of survivors and bystanders. This testimony must be screened carefully, since it can be influenced by subjective factors of great complexity." "In the meantime, there is no denying the many contradictions, ambiguities, and errors in the existing sources."

Professor Raul Hilberg, author of The Destruction of the European Jews, the "standard work" on the Holocaust, appeared as an expert witness at the 1985 trial of Revisionist Ernst Zundel, during which Hilberg had the following exchange with Douglas Christie, Zundel's barrister: "Can you give me one scientific report that shows the existence of gas chambers anywhere in Nazi-occupied territory?" defence counsel Doug Christie asked Hilberg in a day-long rapid fire of cross-examination.  "I am at a loss," Hilberg replied. "You are (at a loss) because you can't," Christie said.-The Montreal Gazette - Jan 19, 1985 - page 14

Professor Raul Hilberg also stated in an interview shortly before his death in 2007: "there was a Holocaust, which is, by the way, more easily said than demonstrated."- Logos Journal.

Professor of Architecture (but not an architect) Robert Jan van Pelt, Jewish expert on Auschwitz, and expert witness at the 2000 Irving vs. Penguin & Lipstadt trial, was interviewed for The Toronto Star in December 2009: (Interviewer:) "By allowing nature to take over the site (Auschwitz-Birkenau), do we run the risk of allowing humanity to forget what happened and set the stage for future questioning of the Holocaust? (van Pelt:) Ninety-nine per cent of what we know we do not actually have the physical evidence to prove . . . it has become part of our inherited knowledge."-The Toronto Star – 12/27, 2009

Professor Van Pelt wrote in his book The Case for Auschwitz (2002), which was mostly his report he was commissioned to write for the Irving vs. Lipstadt Trial in 2000: "My first problem was rather straightforward: the evidence for Auschwitz was undoubtedly problematic."

Professor of Holocaust history Christopher Browning, was an expert defense witness in the Irving vs. Penguin & Lipstadt trial in 2000. In his report for trial he says documentary evidence for the gas chambers is "scant": "In particular, the documentation of mass killing by shooting in the territories occupied by Germany after June 1941 is quite extensive, while documents relating to gassing in Poland is scant. For gassing, therefore, witness testimony and circumstantial evidence play a much larger role."

Justice Gray, the judge at the 2000 Irving vs. Penguin & Lipstadt trial, made numerous references during the trial and in his judgment, to the lack of evidence for gas chambers: "The consequence of the absence of any overt documentary evidence of gas chambers at these camps, coupled with the lack of archaeological evidence, means that reliance has to be placed on eye witness and circumstantial evidence."-  Judgment 6:80

Jean Claude-Pressac author of AUSCHWITZ: Technique and Operation of the Gas Chambers, admits there is a complete lack of "indisputable" evidence for mass gassings at Auschwitz: "In the absence of any “direct”, i.e. palpable, indisputable and evident proof (lacking so far as we know at present) such as a photograph of people killed by a toxic gas in an enclosed space that can be perfectly located and identified, or of a label on a Krematorium drawing of a “Gaskammer um Juden zu vergiften / gas chamber for poisoning Jews” an “indirect” proof may suffice and be valid. By “indirect”, proof, I mean a German document that does not state in black and white that a gas chamber is for HOMICIDAL purposes, but one containing evidence that logically it is impossible for it to be anything else."-  AUSCHWITZ: Technique and Operation of the Gas Chambers, page 429

The French historian Jacques Baynac, who stated: “For the scientific historian a witness statement does not represent real history"  But nevertheless still believes the Nazis gassed Jews, wrote: “it is necessary to recognize that the lack of traces involves the inability to directly establish the reality of the existence of homicidal gas chambers.”

Justice Gray, the judge at the 2000 Irving vs. Penguin & Lipstadt trial, stated in his judgment: "The possibility exists that some of these witnesses invented some or even all of the experiences which they describe. Irving suggested the possibility of cross-pollination, by which he meant the possibility that witnesses may have repeated and even embellished the (invented) accounts of other witnesses with the consequence that a corpus of false testimony is built up. Irving pointed out that parts of some of the accounts of some of the witnesses are obviously wrong or (like some of Olère’s drawings) clearly exaggerated. He suggested various motives why witnesses might have given false accounts, such as greed and resentment (in the case of survivors) and fear and the wish to ingratiate themselves with their captors (in the case of camp officials). Van Pelt accepted that these possibilities exist. I agree." - Judgment 13:74

Prussian Jewish historian Samuel Gringauz, himself a camp survivor, and Chairman of the Council of the Central Committee Of Liberated Jews In The American Zone of German. Wrote in an 1950 issue of Jewish Social Studies about survivor testimonies: "most of the memoirs and reports are full of preposterous verbosity, graphomanic exaggeration, dramatic effects, overestimated self-inflation, dilettante philosophizing, would-be lyricism, unchecked rumors, bias, partisan attacks and apologies."

A 1945 report requested by Eisenhower for the US Congress reads: “Three classes or kinds of evidence were presented to us. The first was the visual inspection of the camps themselves, freshly freed of SS supervision by the American troops. We saw the barracks, the work places, the physical facilities for torture, degradation, and execution. We saw the victims, both dead and alive, of the atrocities practiced at these camps. We saw the process of liquidation by starvation while it was still going on. We saw the indescribable filth and smelled the nauseating stench before it was cleaned up, and we saw a number of victims of this liquidation process actually die. (No actual gas chamber.)

The second kind of evidence we obtained was the testimony of eyewitnesses among the prisoners themselves to these atrocities. Many of the prisoners had been in the camps we visited as long as 3 and 4 years. Many others had spent long terms as prisoners in several other similar camps. While these prisoners included men from nearly all the countries of central Europe, whose speech, whose station in life, and whose education and previous environment differed widely from one another, yet the testimony of all of these witnesses was substantially the same. Directly and through interpreters we talked to prisoners who had seen the hangings and the beatings and who had themselves experienced the systematic process of starvation, corporal punishment, and human degradation.  (No actual gas chamber.)

The third kind of evidence was what may be called the common knowledge of the camp, that is to say, evidence of things done in the camp which were not done publicly but which, nevertheless, all prisoners were aware of. This is similar to certain knowledge possessed by prisoners generally in legitimate institutions like State penitentiaries. These prisoners, from custom and experience, from the conversation with the guards and among themselves, and from a very plain and almost mathematical kind of circumstantial evidence, have accurate knowledge of certain things which they have not actually seen with their own eyes. The prisoners at the camps speak about these things as though they had actually seen them. It was the unanimous opinion of our committee after talking to hundreds of prisoners that this third kind of evidence was often as accurate and reliable as the two kinds of direct evidence above referred to. An example of this kind of evidence will be found in that part of our report dealing with the torture chamber at Buchenwald, where no one actually saw the strangulations perpetrated in this chamber, but where the circumstantial evidence of it was so complete and clear as to leave no doubt in the mind of anyone."   (No actual gas chamber.)

Gerald Reitlinger, the British Jew who in 1953 published the first in-depth study of the Holocaust, wrote: "A certain degree of reserve is necessary in handling all this material, and particularly this applies to the last section ("survivor narratives"). For instance, the evidence concerning the Polish death camps was mainly taken after the war by Polish State Commissions or by the Central Jewish Historical Commission of Poland. The hardy survivors who were examined were seldom educated men. Moreover, the Eastern European Jew is a natural rhetorician, speaking in flowery similes." - Gerald Reitlinger, The Final Solution (1971)

American Jewish holocaust historian and passionate Zionist, Lucy Dawidowicz, wrote in her 1976 book A Holocaust Reader of survivor testimonies:  "Survivor accounts of critical events are typical of all testimony, that is, they are full of discrepancies. About all matters both trivial and significant, the evidence is nearly always in dispute. In part the unreliability of these accounts derives from imperfect observation and flawed memory, but in larger part from the circumstance that they are not constructed exclusively on the basis of firsthand experience. In order to present a coherent narrative, the author has likely included a large measure of hearsay, gossip, rumor, assumption, speculation, and hypothesis."

Primo Levi Italian Jewish Auschwitz survivor and acclaimed writer wrote in a 1986: "It is natural and obvious that the most substantial material for the reconstruction of truth about the camps is the memories of the survivors. Beyond the pity and indignation these recollections provoke, they should also be read with a critical eye. For knowledge of the Lagers (camps), the Lagers themselves were not always a good observation post: in the inhuman conditions to which they were subjected, the prisoners could barely acquire an overall vision of their universe. The prisoners; above all those who did not understand German, might not even know where in Europe their Lager was situated, having arrived after a slaughterous and tortuous journey in sealed boxcars. They did not know about the existence of other Lagers, even those only a few kilometers away. They did not know for whom they worked. They did not understand the significance of certain sudden changes in conditions, or of the mass transfers. Surrounded by death, the deportee was often in no position to evaluate the extent of the slaughter unfolding before his eyes. The companion who worked beside him today was gone by the morrow: he might be in the but next door, or erased from the world; there was no way to know. In short, the prisoner felt overwhelmed by a massive edifice of violence and menace but could not form for himself a representation of it because his eyes were fixed to the ground by every single minute's needs." - The Drowned and the Saved. (1989)

Hannah Arendt, the German-American-Jewish political theorist wrote of the camp survivors who testified at the 1961 Adolf Eichmann trial in Jerusalem: "the prosecution called upon a writer, well known on both sides of the Atlantic under the name of K-Zetnik—a slang word for a concentration-camp inmate—as the author of several books on Auschwitz that dealt with brothels, homosexuals, and other "human interest stories." He started off, as he had done at many of his public appearances, with an explanation of his adopted name. It was not a "pen name," he said. "I must carry this name as long as the world will not awaken after the crucifixion of the nation ... as humanity has risen after the crucifixion of one man." He continued with a little excursion into astrology: the star "influencing our fate in the same way as the star of the ashes at Auschwitz is there facing our planet, radiating toward our planet." And when he had arrived at "the unnatural power above Nature" which had sustained him thus far, and now, for the first time, paused to catch his breath, even Mr. Hausner (barrister for the prosecution) felt that something had to be done about this "testimony," and, very timidly, very politely, interrupted: "Could I perhaps put a few questions to you if you will consent?" Whereupon the presiding judge saw his chance as well: "Mr. Dinoor, please, please, listen to Mr. Hausner and to me." In response, the disappointed witness, probably deeply wounded, fainted and answered no more questions."          This, to be sure, was an exception, but if it was an exception that proved the rule of normality, it did not prove the rule of simplicity or of ability to tell a story, let alone of the rare capacity for distinguishing between things that had happened to the story teller more than sixteen, and sometimes twenty, years ago, and what he had read and heard and imagined in the meantime. These difficulties could not be helped, but they were not improved by the predilection of the prosecution for witnesses of some prominence, many of whom had published books about their experiences, and who now told what they had previously written, or what they had told and retold many times."- Arendt, Hannah. Eichmann In Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. (2006)

Aforementioned French historian Jacques Baynac stated: "For the scientific historian a witness statement does not represent real history. It is an object of history. A witness statement counts for little, many witnesses' statements count for no more, if there is no solid document to support them. One could say without much exaggeration, the principle of scientific historiography is, No paper(s), no proven facts."

Raul Hilberg, the Don of holocaust studies said: "A great percentage of the mistakes I discovered in my own work, could be attributed to testimonies."- Norman Finkelstein. The Holocaust Industry (second edition). New York: Verso books. (pb. 2003) page 82

The much admired, and much despised (by Zionists), Jewish scholar, whose father survived Auschwitz, and whose mother survived Majdanek; Norman Finkelstein wrote: "The postwar German government provided compensation to Jews who had been in ghettos or camps. Many Jews fabricated their pasts to meet this eligibility requirement. "If everyone who claims to be a survivor actually is one," my mother used to exclaim, "who did Hitler kill?" Indeed, many scholars have cast doubt on the reliability of survivor testimony." - Norman Finkelstein. The Holocaust Industry (second edition). New York: Verso books. (pb. 2003) page 81

Thanks to http://winstonsmithministryoftruth.blogspot.com for this compilation.

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 ****Gypsies – Romani or Roma are an ethnic group, who trace their origins to medieval India.  Their Romani language is divided into several dialects, which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million.   The total number of Romani people is at least twice as large (several times as large according to high estimates), and many Romani are native speakers of the language current in their country of residence, or of mixed languages combining the two.   Gypsies have an ethic similar to Jews in that all non-Gypsies are outsiders and worthy of being cheated.  Most Gypsies live outside of mainstream morality and community.  They are much involved in street crime and fraud.  (They have just (2010) been legislated against in Italy and France.)  "Socially adjusted" gypsies were never interned, but freely lived their lives within Germany.  According to the Auschwitz Death Books, containing a record of every instance of mortality in Auschwitz, 11,843 Gypsies died of what amounted to natural causes, i.e., mostly as a result of disease.

Anti-zigan-ism (or Anti-Romanyism or Anti-Gypsyism) is prejudice directed at the Gypsies.  The Romanis have generally resisted assimilation with other cultures.

In the early 13th century Byzantine records, the Atsínganoi are mentioned as "wizards... who are inspired satanically and pretend to predict the unknown."  By the 16th century, many Romanies in Eastern and Central Europe worked as musicians, metal craftsmen, and soldiers.  As the Ottoman Turks expanded into the territory of modern Bulgaria, they relegated Romanies, seen as having "no visible permanent professional affiliation", to the lowest rung of the social ladder.  In Royal Hungary (present-day West-Slovakia, West-Hungary and West-Croatia), strong anti-Romani policies emerged since they were increasingly seen as Turkish spies or as a fifth column.  In this atmosphere, they were expelled from many locations and increasingly adopted a nomadic way of life.

The first anti-Romani legislation was issued in March of Moravia in 1538, and three years later, Ferdinand I ordered that Romanies in his realm be expelled after a series of fires in Prague.  Seven years later, the Diet of Augsburg declared that "whosoever kills a Gypsy, will be guilty of no murder."  In 1556, the government stepped in to "forbid the drowning of Romani women and children."  In England, the Egyptians Act 1530 banned Romanies from entering the country and required those living in the country to leave within 16 days.

In 1710, Joseph I issued an edict against the Romani, ordering "that all adult males were to be hanged without trial, whereas women and young males were to be flogged and banished forever."  In addition, they were to have their right ears cut off in the kingdom of Bohemia, in the March of Moravia, the left ear.  In other parts of Austria they would be branded on the back with a branding iron, representing the gallows.  These mutilations enabled authorities to identify them as Romani on their second arrest.  Anyone who helped Romani was to be punished by doing a half-year's forced labor.  

In 1774, Maria Theresa of Austria issued an edict forbidding marriages between Romani.  When a Romani woman married a non-Romani, she had to produce proof of "industrious household service and familiarity with Catholic tenets", a male Rom "had to prove ability to support a wife and children", and "Gypsy children over the age of five were to be taken away and brought up in non-Gypsy families."

Porajmos is the term used by Gypsies of the supposed “Genocide” by the Nazis.

Even though Gypsies enjoyed full and equal rights of citizenship under Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution, they were subject to special, discriminatory laws.  A Bavarian law of July 16, 1926, outlined measures for "Combatting Gypsies, Vagabonds, and the Work Shy" and required the systematic registration of all Sinti and Roma.  The law prohibited Gypsies from "roam[ing] about or camp[ing] in bands," and those "[Gypsies] unable to prove regular employment" risked being sent to forced labor for up to two years.  This law became the national norm in 1929.  When Hitler took power in 1933, anti-Gypsy laws remained in effect.

According to a report issued by Amnesty International in 2011, "...systematic discrimination is taking place against up to 10 million Roma across Europe.  Antiziganism has continued in the 2000s, particularly in Germany, France, England, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia and Kosovo.  Other nations have had legal incidents.  In Bulgaria, professor Ognian Saparev has written articles stating that 'Gypsies' should be confined to ghettos because they do not assimilate, are culturally inclined towards theft, have no desire to work, and use their minority status to 'blackmail' the majority.  European Union officials censured both the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 2007 for forcibly segregating Romani children from normal schools.

 Romani in European population centers are often accused of crimes such as pickpocketing.  In 2009 a documentary by BBC called Gypsy child thieves uncovered how Gypsy children are kidnapped and abused by Gypsy gangs from Romania.  The children are often held locked in sheds during the nights and sent to steal during the days.  In Milan, Italy, it is estimated that a single Gypsy child is able to steal as much as €12,000 in a month; there were as many as 50 of such abused Gypsy children operating in the city.  Meanwhile, the Romani bosses of these gangs build glossy villas back in Romania.  The film went on to describe the link between poverty, discrimination, crime and exploitation.

Law enforcement agencies in the US hold regular conferences on the Romani people and similar nomadic groups.  It is common to refer to the operators of certain types of travelling con artists and fortune-telling businesses as "gypsies".

 ****Homosexuals - Between 50,000 and 60,000 homosexual males were sentenced by German courts between 1933 and 1944.  A minority of these - presumably 10,000 to 15,000 - were sent to concentration camps after finishing their prison sentences in ordinary prisons; these were mostly repeat offenders, male prostitutes, transvestites and seducers of minors.

 Holocaust Research - Read some mainstream Holocaust Books or journal articles and you will soon find that they are all quoting each other.  The Bibliographies are impressive, but within the books cited there’s a whole lot of preconceptions and speculations.  Original research is gleaned to only include substantiations of accepted theories, disallowing, ignoring or downplaying the vast majority of facts which disprove the Holocaust.  The very best example are the photographs of the camps upon Allied capture which only introduce the negative 5% which are mislabeled atrocity, rather than natural consequences of War and disease and ignoring the positive 95% which show healthy inmates and well-functioning camps.  The atrocity stories are based on faulty or fraudulent testimonies or tortured, coereced Nuremburg testimony.  Within Holocaust studies, there are primarily Exterminationists who claim there was a plan to exterminate the Jews and Functionalists who claim the policy simply developed.  Holocaust Propaganda Research is beginning to stumble.  Functionalists are simply those who are honest enough to accept that there were no government decisions or plans for a Holocaust.  Holocaust revisionism are those who deny aspects of the generally accepted propaganda.  In reality, every historian hopes to revise, by further understanding, some portion of history. 

7000 pages written by Dwight Eisenhower, Winston Churchill and Charles deGaulle never mention holocaust or gas chambers or extermination.

Scholarship: It is easy to understand that Truth might be a minority point-of-view.  In every field –Sociology, Theology, Science, etc.  there are mainstream standards.  When a scholar discusses an alternative viewpoint, he may often be blackballed.  Journals, peer-reviewed or not, usually cater to narrow limits of disagreement.  Professors and other Professionals are concerned with their careers and pensions rather than the truth.  Also when a person has years of credibility at stake, they will not take a risk.  The lone voice being persecuted is more easily understood within an international setting.  A mainstream view in the West might be a minority view in the East or vice versa.  The field of History shows this even clearer.  For example, historians of Britain and France will label each other differently as aggressor or victim, but within each nation there will be a mainstream consensus.  Most books on the Holocaust simply reference each other.  There is little original researchand the lies continue.

Shoah- ("calamity"; "destruction"), The Holocaust ("whole", "burnt").  “There’s no business like Shoah business!”  “In the whole land," declares the LORD, "two-thirds will be struck down and perish; yet one-third will be left in it. This third I will bring into the fire; I will refine them like silver and test them like gold. They will call on my name and I will answer them; I will say, 'They are my people,' and they will say, 'The LORD is our God.'" Zechariah 13: 8-9 (NIV)  Some Jews view the one-third as pertaining to the ‘Holocaust’ (hoax).  Others wonder whether the last third is yet to come.

   April 13, 1933: The National Socialist Student Association affixes the “Twelve Theses" to university buildings and billboards throughout Germany. The theses denounce Jews, Marxism, pacifism, Freudian psychology, and more.

The Twelve Theses: Against the un-German spirit!

1. Language and literature have their roots in the Folk.  It is the German Folk's responsibility to assure that its language and literature are the pure and unadulterated expression of its Folk traditions.

2. At present there is a chasm between literature and German tradition.  This situation is a disgrace.

3. Purity of language and literature is your responsibility!  Your Folk has entrusted you with the duty of faithfully preserving your language.

4. Our most dangerous enemy is the Jew and those who are his slaves.

5. A Jew can only think Jewish. If he writes in German, he is lying.  The German who writes in German, but thinks un-German, is a traitor!  The student who speaks and writes un-German is, in addition, thoughtless and has abandoned his duties.

6. We want to eradicate lies, we want to denounce treason, we want institutions of discipline and political education for us the students, not mindlessness.

7. We want to regard the Jew as alien and we want to respect the traditions of the Folk.  Therefore, we demand of the censor: Jewish writings are to be published in Hebrew.  If they appear in German, they must be identified as translations.  Strongest actions against the abuse of the German script.  German script is only available to Germans.  The un-German spirit is to be eradicated from public libraries.

8. We demand of the German students the desire and capability for independent knowledge and decisions.

9. We demand of German students the desire and capability to maintain the purity of the German language.

10. We demand of German students the desire and capability to overcome Jewish intellectualism and the resulting liberal decay in the German spirit.

11. We demand the selection of students and professors in accordance with their reliability and commitment to the German spirit.

12. We demand that German universities be a stronghold of the German Folk tradition and a battleground reflecting the power of the German mind.

The German Student Association.

 William Averell Harriman (November 15, 1891 – July 26, 1986) was an American Democratic Party politician, businessman, and diplomat.  He was the son of railroad baron E. H. Harriman.  He served as Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman and later as the 48th Governor of New York. He was a candidate for the Democratic Presidential Nomination in 1952, and again in 1956 when he was endorsed by President Truman but lost to Adlai Stevenson.  Harriman served President Franklin D. Roosevelt as special envoy to Europe and served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union and U.S. Ambassador to Britain.  He served in various positions in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.

Harriman's main properties included Brown Brothers & Harriman & Co, Union Pacific Railroad, Merchant Shipping Corporation, and various venture capital investments including the Polaroid Corporation. Harriman's associated properties included the Southern Pacific Railroad (including the Central Pacific Railroad), Illinois Central Railroad, Wells Fargo & Co., the Pacific Mail Steamship Co., American Shipping & Commerce (HAPAG), the American Hawaiian Steamship Co., United American Lines, the Guaranty Trust Company, and the Union Banking Corporation.

While Averell Harriman served as Senior Partner of Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., Harriman Bank was the main Wall Street connection for German companies and the varied U.S. financial interests of Fritz Thyssen, who had been an early financial backer of the Nazi party until 1938, but who by 1939 had fled Germany and was bitterly denouncing Adolf Hitler.  Business transactions for profit with Nazi Germany were not illegal when Hitler declared war on the US, but, six days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Trading With the Enemy Act after it had been made public that U.S. companies were doing business with the declared enemy of the United States.  On October 20, 1942, the U.S. government ordered the seizure of Nazi German banking operations in New York City.  The assets were held by the government for the duration of the war, then returned afterward.

 Jew Freedoms during the early Reich included:

Within the Reich, the Jewish press included sixty-five newspapers and magazines with a specific German-Jewish readership in mind. These publications appeared until the end of 1938 and show the latitude that the Nazis provided the Jews.  ****In 1933, International Judaism declared and Economic War against Germany.  Germany responded by confiscating properties from their Jews and from 1933 to 1938, many emigrated out of the Reich.  Germany declared it would help the Zionists and allowed German Zionists to have military and agricultural camps, and newspapers within Germany.  About 20,000 emigrated to Palestine before 1939.  From 1939 to the end of the war, another 20,000 were helped to Palestine.  The Zionist Star of David flew freely within Nazi Germany.  The Zionist Leaders requested that German Jews wear yellow stars as pride in their heritage.  Before the Zionists, the Lion of Judah was the favorite Jewish symbol.

 Max Baer (2/11, 1909 – 11/21, 1959) was an American boxer of the 1930s (one-time Heavyweight Champion of the World) as well as a professional wrestler and referee, and had an occasional role on film or television.  He was the brother of twice World Champion boxing contender Buddy Baer and father of actor Max Baer, Jr. (best-known as Jethro Bodine on The Beverly Hillbillies).  Baer is rated #22 on Ring Magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time.  On June 13, 1935, Baer fought boxer James J. Braddock in the so-called Cinderella Man bout.  Baer hardly trained for the bout.  Braddock, on the other hand, was training hard.  At the end of 15 rounds Braddock emerged the victor in a unanimous decision.  Max Baer wore the Yellow Star on his trunks.

The Jews, who composed only about 20% of the Labor Camp System, were mostly Jewish aliens (unlike Roosevelt who also interned Japanese-American citizens), criminals, Communists.  Many Jews lived freely within the German Reich throughout the War.  Most Jews deported from the occupied countries were recent arrivals from Polish and Russian areas.  The number of French Jews for example who were deported numbered only about 5% of the total Jewish community in France.  There were 50,000 Jews left unmolested in Germany throughout the War.  There was still an active Jewish community in Berlin when the Soviets arrived in 1945.

Between 1933-1937, over 10,000 Jews emigrated TO Germany.

With German aid, Jews were taught carpentry, bricklaying, machine tooling, plumbing, farming, animal husbandry, auto mechanics, etc. to aid in their settling of Palestine.  Through the Transfer Agreement 120,000 Jews emigrated to Palestine.  In the already established Ghettos (Neighborhoods) the Jews had their own Jewish police force, Jewish bank, Jewish money, Post Office and stamps and workshops –all at German cost.  Tekla mekla is a term referring to jew ‘money’ alias I.O.U.s, as “tekla-mekla money,” that is, purchasing power made entirely out of hocus-pocus, with abracadabra included as small change. More jewish magic!

The Stachel(barb) was a Gestapo composed of Jewish agents who spied on fellow Jews who were hoarding and black marketeering. 

Under Hitler's regime, Jews in common with other non-Germans, lost their equal status to nationals.  Yet in some regards they were better off in Germany than they were in Great Britain.  Hitler was certainly hostile to international Jewry that had been the first to declare war on his nation.  He was however a great lover of classical music and whenever he could he would attend Gustav Mahler orchestrations.  Mahler was of course Jewish. Emile Maurice was not only a comrade from the earliest days but was a founder member of the NSDAP, and in fact shared imprisonment with the future fuehrer. He too was of Jewish lineage.

Jews in America:  Anti-Semitism has been large in Western culture, until cowed into submission by Jewish owned Media and false Guilt.  Protestant Christians in America still had remnants of this anti-Semitism and Catholics held fast to this theme.  Catholics especially wondered why so much attention was given to these Jews in Germany while the extreme persecution of Catholics in Spain and Mexico was harshly continuing.  For example, in Boston there were many incidents of Catholic youths beating up on Jews while their parents and law enforcement remained idled.  The peak of anti-Semitism in America peaked in 1944 as the War in Europe was turning towards an Allied victory.

March 21, 1933 'Day of Potsdam'.  In the Potsdam Garrison Church, where Prussian kings Friedrich Wilhelm I and Friedrich II were then still buried, Chancellor Adolf Hitler and President Paul von Hindenburg heralded their alliance.  The "marriage of old Prussia with young Germany" was celebrated, to win over the Prussian monarchists, conservatives, and nationalists and induce them to vote for the Enabling Act of 1933.  The ceremony celebrated the opening of the Reichstag, which was elected on March 5, 1933, a month after Hitler became Chancellor.  Hitler and Goebbels picked Potsdam, the old Prussian capital outside Berlin, as the venue.  They chose March 21st because, 62 years earlier on that day, Otto von Bismarck had convened the first Reichstag of the "Second Reich."  The entire event was broadcast on radio to present the Third Reich as the legitimate heir to the Kaiser's Reich.  The Day of Potsdam was introduced with religious services.  The Evangelical deputies (including Göring) worshiped in the Church of Saint Nicholas. The Catholics had their own special mass in the parish church.  Eighty-five year old Reich President Paul von Hindenburg and Chancellor Hitler both spoke. Hindenburg wore his field marshal’s uniform.  Hindenburg laid a wreath on the tomb of Frederick the Great as a 21-gun salute was fired. Then, together with Hitler, the old Field Marshal reviewed a parade of Reichswehr, police, SA, SS, and Steel Helmet units.  The festivities ended with the return of the deputies to the Kroll Opera House, where the Reichstag was convened.  Two days later, the Reichstag accepted the Enabling Law and relinquished its own power.  Hitler addresses Hindenburg and members of the new government:  "The National Uplift Government is determined to fulfill the task it has taken over for the German Volk.  Therefore, the government appears before the German Reichstag today with the ardent wish to find support within the Volk to carry out its mission."

After new elections, with Catholic Center Party support, a Nazi-led majority passed the Enabling Act on March 23.  This transferred legislative powers to Hitler's cabinet.  Hitler's remaining political opposition, the KPD and SPD, were banned, before Hitler turned on internal threats to his power during the Night of the Long Knives.  Chief among those was Ernst Röhm, the leader of the Nazi Brown Shirts.

After President Hindenburg died on August 2, 1934, Hitler replaced the offices of chancellor and president with a single position by declaring himself Führer ("Leader") of a new German Reich – the Third Reich.   With little resistance from its leadership, the oath taken by members of Germany's armed forces was modified to become a statement of absolute obedience to Hitler.

 Frederick the Great issued for Potsdam Day, commemorating the conquest of Poland and expansion of the Prussian empire.

March 23, 1933 - Enabling Act gives Hitler dictatorial (supreme leadership) power.  Hitler asked for 4 years to make good on his promises.  Enabling was good for only 4 years.

****March 23, 1933 World Jewry declares economic boycott of Germany.:

 "JUDEA DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY"   "JEWS OF THE WORLD UNITE"

There was no boycott on Jew-owned stores until after the Jews boycott Germany!

 Ze'ev Jabotinsky MBE (Member of the order of the British Empire)( (born Vladimir Yevgenyevich Zhabotinsky (October 18, 1880 – August 4, 1940) was a Revisionist Zionist leader, author, orator, soldier, and founder of the Jewish Self-Defense Organization in Odessa.  He also helped form the Jewish Legion of the British army in World War I, and was a founder and early leader of the militant Zionist underground organization, Irgun.  "...Jabotinsky insisted that all energies be expended to force the Congress to join the boycott movement.  Nothing less than a 'merciless fight' would be acceptable, cried Jabotinsky.   'The present Congress is duty bound to put the Jewish problem in Germany before the entire world...(We [Jews] must) destroy, destroy, destroy them, not only with the boycott, but  politically, supporting all existing forces against them to isolate Germany from the civilized  world...our enemy [Germany] must be destroyed." (Speech by Vladimir Jabotinsky, a Polish Jews, on June 16, 1933)  "The fight against Germany has now been waged for months by every Jewish community, on every conference, in all labor unions and by every single Jew in the world.  There are reasons for the assumption that our share in this fight is of general importance.  We shall start a spiritual and material war of the whole world against Germany.  Germany is striving to become once again a great nation, and to recover her lost territories as well as her colonies.  But our Jewish interests call for the complete destruction of Germany..." (Valadimir Jabotinsky, in  Mascha Rjetsch, January, 1934) 

Revisionist Zionism is a nationalist faction within the Zionist movement. It is the founding ideology of the non-religious right in Israel, and was the chief ideological competitor to the dominant socialist Labor Zionism.  Revisionism is represented primarily by the Likud Party.  The ideology was developed originally by Ze'ev Jabotinsky who advocated a "revision" of the "practical Zionism" of David Ben Gurion and Chaim Weizmann, which was focused on independent settlement of Eretz Yisrael.

"The Israelite people of the entire world declare economic and financial war on Germany.  The appearance of the Swastika as the symbol of the new Germany revives the old war symbol of the Jews.  Fourteen million Jews stand as one body to declare war on Germany.  The Jewish wholesale dealer leaves his business, the banker his bank, the shopkeeper his shop, the beggar his miserable hut in order to combine forces in the holy war against Hitler's people." - London Daily Express, March 24 1933

 Samuel Untermyer (March 6, 1858 – March 16, 1940, although some sources cite March 2, 1858), also known as Samuel Untermeyer was a Jewish-American lawyer and civic leader as well as a self-made millionaire.  He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia but after the death of his father the family moved to New York where he studied law.  After admission to the bar, he soon gained fame as a lawyer, focusing on corporate law, and became recognized as a civic leader, frequently attending the Democratic National Convention as a delegate.

Samuel Untermyer described the Jewish boycott as nothing less than a "holy war."  A pact between Germany and the Zionists was made in which Jews leaving Germany could take their belongings.  The Zionists inflamed tension between lower class Jews and the Germans hoping turbulence would lead to the Jews emigrating to Palestine.  The collaboration took place at a time when many Jews and Jewish organizations demanded a boycott of Germany.

"We Jews are going to bring war on Germany." - David Brown, President of American Hebrew, 1934

"For months now the struggle against Germany is waged by each Jewish community at each conference in all our syndicates and by each Jew all over the world.  There is reason to believe that our part in this struggle has general value.  We will start a spiritual and material war of all the world against Germany's ambitions to become once again a great nation.  Our Jewish interests demand Germany's total destruction, collectively and individually." - Vladimir Jabotinsky, founder Irgun Zvai Leumi, January 1934 Mascha Rjetach

"The war against Germany will ideologically enliven and promote our interests, which require that Germany be wholly destroyed." - Jewish newspaper Natscha Retsch

“The economic boycott being practiced against the Jews is even more deadly than the sporadic acts of violence thus far committed in Central and Eastern Europe.”  Hi. Seligman (Jew) - Director of Public Relations of the American Joint Distribution Committee, after a trip abroad, reported In New York TIMES, June 21, 1936.  (This is after much propaganda of physical violence against Jews.)

"On March 31, 1933, the American-Jewish Committee, controlled by the Warburgs, and the B'nai B'rith, heavily influenced by the Sulzbergers (New York Times), issued a formal, official joint statement of the two organizations, counseling "that no American boycott against Germany be encouraged, '' and advising `` that no further mass meetings be held or similar forms of agitation be employed. Virtually all the Nazi trade with the United States was under the supervision of the Harriman interests and functionaries such as Prescott Bush, father of George HW Bush.'' - Webster G. Tarpley & Anton Chaitkin {B'nai B'rith founded the Anti-Defamation League}

"The millions of Jews who live in America, England and France, North and South Africa, and, not to forget those in Palestine, are determined to bring the war of annihilation against Germany to its final end." - Central Blad Voor Israeliten, September 13, 1939

Jewish leaders in the United States and Britain determined it was necessary to launch a "hot war" against Germany.

"The Second World War is being fought for the defense of the fundamentals of Judaism."- Rabbi Felix Mendlesohn, Chicago Sentinel, October 8, 1942

Samuel Untermyer proclaimed that the Germans were bent on a plan to "exterminate the Jews" and claimed Jews needed "to rescue these 600,000 human souls from the tortures of hell."

The Zionist Association of Germany put out a telegram on the rejecting many of the allegations made against the National Socialists as "propaganda," "mendacious" and "sensational."

"As concerns Jews, I can only say that their propagandists abroad are rendering their co-religionists in Germany no service by giving the German public, through their distorted and untruthful news about persecution and torture of Jews, the impression that they actually halt at nothing, not even at lies and calumny, to fight the present German government." - German Foreign Minister Konstantin von Neurath

March 24, 1933, The National Union of Jewish Front Soldiers sent a note to the U.S. Embassy in Berlin, which stated "...It is also our decision to reject the irresponsible anti-German agitation of so-called jewish intellectuals overseas. These men, who were for the most part never known as German jews, gave up their right to be our selfstyled defenders when they abandoned us at the critical moment and fled the country. They have no right to meddle in German-jewish affairs. From their safe cover they dishonorably shoot their arrows of exaggeration to injure German jews as well as Germany..."

 Max Naumann (1/12 1875— May 1939) was the founder of (League of National German Jews), which called for the elimination of Jewish ethnic identity through Jewish assimilation.  The league was outlawed by the Nazis on November 18, 1935.  He also believed that Jews belong to a separate, nonGermanic race that is characterized by distinctive somatotype, facial expression, linguistic style and even a special mode of physical movement. (National German Jews)

  Matthew Henry Halton (9/7, 1904 – 12/3, 1956) was a Canadian television journalist, most famous as a foreign correspondent for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation during World War II. Halton interviewed a German rabbi in London during 1933 who said: "the Jews have been the only ones not to suffer by the economic situation of Germany since the war." "In Germany until two months ago, the Jews were in almost absolute control of the press, the stock exchange, the great stores, the theatre, the cinema, and the luxury trades of all kinds. These are the things that create values and opinions—and they have all been controlled by the Jews—generally with ostentation and sometimes with vulgarity." "It is the revolt of young Germany against the vulgarity and nastiness which has made Berlin notorious the world over for her ugly night life—for which the Jews are responsible. Young Germany is sick of Negro music and Negro dancing and homosexuality and lesbianism, sick of naked dancing in underground, vile night clubs, sick to death of the vulgarities of the Jewish plutocracy, flaming with disgust at the sex-mad hysteria of the after-war." "If Hitler purges Germany of the rot if the last fifteen years, then every case of Jew-baiting will have been worth while."

On March 28, 1933, Hitler said "Lies and slander of positively hair-raising perversity are being launched about Germany. Horror stories of dismembered Jewish corpses, gouged-out eyes, and hacked-off hands are circulated for the purpose of defaming the German Volk in the world for a second time, just as they had succeeded in doing once before in 1914. The animosity of millions of innocent human beings, peoples with whom the German Volk wishes only to live in peace, is being stirred up by these unscrupulous criminals. They want German goods and German labor to fall victim to the international boycott. It seems they think the misery in Germany is not bad enough as it is; they have to make it worse!"  “They lie about Jewish females who have supposedly been killed; about Jewish girls allegedly being raped before the eyes of their parents; about cemeteries being ravaged! The whole thing is one big lie invented for the sole purpose of provoking a new world-war agitation!”

****The Anti-German Propaganda pouring out of the global press strengthened the resolve of Germany's enemies, especially the Poles and their hawkish military high command.  As a consequence of the formal declaration of war, the German authorities thus deemed Jews to be potential enemy agents much in the same way that the Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration branded the Japanese.

1933 Despite the boycott, Jews generally continued to do business with Germany, even during the war.  Like other Jews, Otto Frank, the father of Anne Frank, engaged in providing supplies to the German Wehrmacht after the occupation of Holland in May 1940.   The government, through  secretary-general Jew Hans Hirschfeld was instrumental in merging Holland’s economy into the German war effort. The Jewish elite or the Jewish Council was exempted from deportation and drew up the list of those who were to be deported.  Later, fellow Jews accused the Council of deporting the mass of Jewish paupers from the slums of Amsterdam and preserving the elite.  Meanwhile the Jewish Council implemented the full segregation of the Jewish community in Holland.  All Jews in Holland were registered (140,552 of them Jews, 14,549 half-Jews and 5,719 quarter-Jews), and the Council rigorously enforced the German order that Jews wear yellow badges in the form of the Star of David.  Jews were fearful of National-Socialism, and business people like Otto Frank fled Germany for this reason.  This did not stop them from continuing doing business with resurgent Germany and even engaging in war profiteering.

May 17, 1933 Jew Franz Bernheim (1899-1990) was fired from his job in Upper Silesia.  In his petition to the League of Nations he complained that the anti-Jewish legislation of the Third Reich was also being applied to Upper Silesia, in violation of the German-Polish Convention of May 15, 1922 (Geneva Convention), which guaranteed all minorities in Upper Silesia equal civil and political rights.  Germany declared that it had been an administrative error.  This did not stop discussion and in an unanimous decision, Germany and Italy abstaining, the Council adopted a resolution noting the German government's declaration and requesting it to furnish the Council with information on further developments.  On September 30, 1933, the German government submitted a letter in which it claimed to have fulfilled its obligations, and that the rights of the Jews of Upper Silesia had been restored. Until the expiration of the Convention on July 15, 1937, the Jews of Upper Silesia continued to enjoy equality of rights, and even shehitah (ritual slaughter), forbidden in the Third Reich, was permitted them.

 Jew Felix Jacoby (3/19, 1876 – 11/10, 1959) was a German classicist and philologist.  Jacoby in 1933:  “As a Jew I find myself in a difficult position.  But as a historian I have long learned not to view historical events from a private perspective.  I have voted for Adolf Hitler since 1927 and I am happy that in the year of the National Rising I am allowed to lecture on Augustus, because Augustus is the only figure in world history that may be compared to Adolf Hitler.” 

Augustus and Hitler both had an interest in architecture and literature; developed grand building projects, social welfare projects, and had an appeal to traditional family values.

'If there is anyone who qualifies as the founding father of Western Civilization, it is of Augustus," writes Anthony Everitt in The First Emperor: Caesar Augustus and the Triumph of Rome (2006). 

“(Augustus) was about the greatest politician the world has ever seen," remarked Boris Johnson, the mayor of London in 2010.  “As emperor of Rome, he's created an Institution that, in many ways, everybody has tried to imitate in the succeeding centuries."

 Jews Pledge Loyalty:  Six months after Hitler seized power in 1933, several leading Berlin rabbis including Rabbi Weinberg, wrote to him pledging loyalty to Germany.  The rabbis argued that they, the orthodox, shared the Nazis' moral values, as opposed to decadent Bolshevism and libertinism, as opposed to the left-wing Jews who made up much of the avant garde.  The rabbis promised Hitler that they would do their best to persuade Jews around the world to end a boycott on German products. Nor was the rabbis' letter to Hitler entirely exceptional.  A majority of Italy's Jews joined Benito Mussolini's Fascist party.  Faced with a catastrophic shift in values in the wake of World War I, many European Jews looked for a repressive government willing to impose traditional values.  Jewish Families in Germany before 1880, unless criminals, were left unmolested throughout the War.

Rabbi Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg (1884-1966) was a noted European Orthodox rabbi, posek ("judge" of Jewish law) and rosh yeshiva.  Weinberg was considered a genius in his time - with mastery over both Torah and secular subjects.  An insightful and introspective individual, his varying interests in Talmud, musar, Hebrew literature, Russian language, and general academia make him one of the best representatives of the tumultuous intellectual trends present in his period.  Weinberg was born in Poland.  At the outbreak of World War I he went to Germany.  Weinberg emerged as a leading advocate of Neo-Orthodoxy, the German approach to Orthodox Judaism.  In 1939, he left Nazi Germany, and went to the Warsaw Ghetto, where he was a prominent leader.  Because of his Russian citizenship, the Germans imprisoned him together with Russian prisoners of war.  After the war, he went to Switzerland, where he died.  

****Pre-War Jewish Emigration: No Jew ‘fled’ or ‘sneaked through borders’ to get out of Germany.  They left with their primary wealth, as Germans bought them out.  Emigration was welcomed by the German authorities, and frequently occurred under a constantly increasing pressure. Emigration was not some kind of wild flight, but rather a lawfully determined and regulated matter.  German and Jewish authorities worked closely together on this emigration.  Jews interested in emigrating received detailed advice and offers of help from both sides.  The accounts of Jews fleeing Germany in secret by night across some border are untenable.  On the contrary, the German government was interested in getting rid of its Jews.  It would have been senseless to prevent such an emigration.

Léon Degrelle points out that the history of Adolf Hitler and Germany can be understood only within the context of the Versailles Treaty and the harsh subjugation of Germany by implacable enemies.   "Whenever I hear the Allied side of history I am often reminded of the reporter sent to report on a brawl. He scrupulously recorded all the blows delivered by one side and none from the other. His story would truthfully bear witness to the aggression of one side and the victimization of the other. But he would be lying by omission. I do not deny anything that Hitler did, but I also point out what the Communists and their Western allies did, and I let the public be the judge." - Léon Joseph Marie Ignace Degrelle

April 1, 1933 - In direct response to the Jewish boycott of Germany, Hitler, only a week after being declared Fuhrer, called a boycott of Jewish shops, banks, offices and department stores.  Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels delivers a speech to a crowd urging Germans to boycott Jewish-owned businesses.  He defends the boycott as a legitimate response to the anti-German "atrocity propaganda" being spread abroad by "international Jewry."  Nazi storm troopers were at some Jewish-owned stores with signs reading: "Germans, defend yourselves against the Jewish atrocity propaganda, buy only at German shops!" and "Germans, defend yourselves, buy only at German shops!”.  Boycott is completely orderly and SA and Police are stationed to protect Jews and belongings.  Communists steal Nazi uniforms and pillage some Jewish shops.  But the boycott was mostly ignored (!) by German shoppers and was called off after three days.  However, the unsuccessful boycott was followed by a rapid series of laws which robbed the Jews of many rights.:

On April 7, "The Law of the Restoration of the Civil Service" was introduced which made 'Aryanism' a necessary requirement in order to hold a civil service position.  All Jews holding such positions were dismissed or forced into retirement.

On April 22, Jews were prohibited from serving as patent lawyers and from serving as doctors in state-run insurance institutions.

On April 25, a law against the overcrowding of German schools placed severe limits on the number of young Jews allowed to enroll in public schools.

On June 2, a law prohibited Jewish dentists and dental technicians from working with state-run insurance institutions.

On May 6, the Civil Service law was amended to close loopholes in order to keep out honorary university professors, lecturers and notaries.

On September 28, all non-Aryans and their spouses were prohibited from government employment.

On September 29, Jews were banned from all cultural and entertainment activities including literature, art, film and theater.

In early October 1933, Jews were prohibited from being journalists and all newspapers were placed under Nazi control.

The Christian Science Monitor in the 1930’s wrote several favorable articles about Germany.  In 1933, they had a 2 part series: “A Traveler Visits Germany” described a contented nation where “traffic was well regulated…I have so far found quietness, order, and civility…not the slightest sign of anything unusual afoot.”   Under the Nazis, the Jews in general are “not in any way molested”.

May 2 On Hitler's orders, all independent and Socialist trade unions in Germany are closed down and dissolved.  The remains are united into the German Labor Front (DAF).

 Walter Braunfels (12/19 1882 – 3/19 1954) was a German composer, pianist, and music educator.  He achieved early success with the melodious opera Die Vögel (The Birds, 1920), such that Adolf Hitler, not realizing that Braunfels was half-Jewish, in 1923 invited Braunfels to write an anthem for the Nazi Party, which Braunfels "indignantly turned down".  With the rise of the Nazis to power he was dismissed, and listed as being half-Jewish in the Nazi list of musicians composing what the regime called degenerate music. He retired from public life during the Hitler years but continued to compose.  The war passed peacefully for Braunfels and his wife, though his three sons were conscripted into the Wehrmacht.  After World War II, he returned to public life and on 12 October 1945 again became director, and in 1948 president, of the Cologne Academy of Music and further enhanced his reputation as a music educator with high ideals.

 Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang (December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976) was an Austrian-American filmmaker, screenwriter, and occasional film producer and actor.  One of the best known émigrés from Germany's school of Expressionism, he was dubbed the "Master of Darkness" by the British Film Institute.  His most famous films are the groundbreaking Metropolis (the world's most expensive silent film at the time of its release) and M, made before he moved to the United States, his iconic precursor to the film noir genre.  His mother was Jewish and converted to Catholicism when Fritz was ten.  Lang served in the Austrian army in WWI.  Lang epitomized the stereotype of the tyrannical German film director, his wearing a monocle added to the stereotype.  At the end of 1932, Lang started filming The Testament of Dr. Mabuse.  Adolf Hitler came to power in January 1933, and by March 30, the new regime banned it as an incitement to public disorder.  Whereas Lang was worried about the advent of the Nazi regime, partly because of his Jewish heritage, his wife and screen writer Thea von Harbou had started to sympathize with the Nazis in the early 1930s and joined the NSDAP in 1932.  They soon divorced.  Shortly afterwards, Lang left Germany but Joseph Goebbels may have offered Lang a position as the head of German film studio.  Lang left Germany with most of his money, unlike most refugees, and made several return trips later in the same year.

 Hans Freyer (July 31, 1887 - January 18, 1969) was a conservative German sociologist and philosopher.   Sympathizing with the Hitlerite movement, he forced 1933 Ferdinand Tönnies, an outspoken enemy of it, and then president of the (Institute of Sociology) out of office.

 Magnus Hirschfeld (May 14, 1868 - May 14, 1935) was a Jew homosexual physician and sexologist.  Hirschfeld was an outspoken advocate for homosexual rights.  In 1896 he issued a pamphlet Sappho and Socrates, on homosexual love (under the pseudonym Th. Ramien).  In 1897, he helped to found the Scientific Humanitarian Committee to defend the rights of homosexuals and to repeal Paragraph 175, the section of the German penal code that since 1871 had criminalized homosexuality.  In 1919, under the more liberal atmosphere of the newly founded Weimar Republic, Hirschfeld began the (Institute for Sexual Research) in Berlin.  His Institute housed his immense library on sex and provided educational services and medical consultations.  People from around Europe visited the Institute to gain a clearer understanding of their sexuality.  In 1921 Hirschfeld organised the First Congress for Sexual Reform, which led to the formation of the World League for Sexual Reform. Congresses were held in Copenhagen (1928), London (1929), Vienna (1930), and Brno (1932).  When the Nazis took power, they attacked Hirschfeld's Institut on May 6, 1933, and burned many of its books. The press-library pictures and archival newsreel film of the Nazi book-burning seen today are believed to be of Hirschfeld's library and records.  (Good!)

 ****May 10 1933 – Student Organization has Book-Burning Bonfire symbolizing Germany asserting its culture over Jewish culture.  (There was just this one bonfire time and it was by students!  This is also in the first year of Nazi power, before so-called propagandized Hitler Youth.)  It was to assert that the German people will ultimately reject Judaism and its materialistic philosophy.  New York Times list 160 authors. (Not even close to the 30,000 titles that the Western Allies destroyed in Germany at the War’s end.)  There were other much smaller symbolic burnings.  Breslau was described as having a ‘wagon-load’ of books.  This Book burning had a precedent in 1817 when German student associations chose the 300th anniversary of Luther’s 95 Theses to hold a festival at the Wartburg, a castle in Thuringia where Luther had sought sanctuary after his excommunication.  The students, demonstrating for a unified country—Germany was then a patchwork of states—burned anti-national and reactionary texts and literature which the students viewed as “Un-German”.  On this evening, in most university towns, students marched in torchlight parades “against the un-German spirit”.  In Berlin, some 40,000 persons gathered in the Opernplatz to hear Joseph Goebbels deliver a fiery address: “No to decadence and moral corruption!” Goebbels enjoined the crowd. “Yes to decency and morality in family and state!  I consign to the flames the writings of Heinrich Mann, Ernst Gläser, Erich Kästner.”  Not all book burnings took place on May 10, as the German Student Association had planned.  Some were postponed a few days because of rain.  Others, based on local chapter preference, took place on June 21, the summer solstice, a traditional date for bonfire celebrations in Germany.  Nonetheless, in 34 university towns across Germany the May 10th “Action against the Un-German Spirit” was a success, eliciting widespread newspaper coverage.  In some cities, notably Berlin, radio broadcasts brought the speeches, songs, and ceremonial chants “live” to countless German listeners. 

[This doesn’t hold a candle to the ongoing book-burning or discrimination by the Jewish Western Publishing monopolies against what they consider wrong.  Pornography is okay, but nationalism or criticism of Judaism is verboten.]  Jewish obsession with anti-Semitism in all directions has even afforded them their own share of draconian book burners.  E. L. Dachslager argues for a ban of all books in American public schools that "defame, vilify, or otherwise promote a negative image of Jews."  "Anti-Semitic" works cited here to be banned or censored could include books by William Shakespeare, Geoffrey Chaucer, Christopher Marlowe, Charles Dickens, Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, Ernest Hemingway (especially The Sun Also Rises), Celine, Henry Adams, Graham Greene, Evelyn Waugh, E.E. Cummings, Henry Miller, Byron Scott, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Henry James, Dostoyevsky, Trollope, Thomas Wolfe, and Ezra Pound. [GELBER, p. 8, 12] "I cannot resist the opportunity," wrote Jewish author Richard Lewontin in the New York Review of Books in 1990, "... of making a remark about the anti-Semitism of American intellectuals during the early decades of this century.  It was pervasive, if in a somewhat genteel form."  

Currently, Israel regularly burns the New Testament.

****Youth Gangs:  In Germany there were several protest movements, through which adolescents were able better to exert their independence. There were street gangs (Meuten) of working class youths, who borrowed elements from socialist and communist traditions to forge their own identities, and there were less politically motivated groups such as the Edelweiss Pirates (Edelweißpiraten), who acted in defiance of Hitler Youth norms. A third group, consisting mainly of upper middle class youths, based their protest on their musical preferences, rejecting the völkisch music propagated by the Party for American jazz forms, especially Swing.

 The Edelweiss Pirates (Edelweißpiraten) were a loose group of youth culture in Nazi Germany.  They emerged in western Germany out of the German Youth Movement of the late 1930s in response to the strict regimentation of the Hitler Youth.  Similar in many ways to the Leipzig gangs, they consisted of young people, mainly between the ages of 14 and 17, who had evaded the Hitler Youth by leaving school (which was allowed at 14.) and were also young enough to avoid military conscription, which was only compulsory from the age of 17 onwards.

The Edelweißpiraten offered young people considerable freedom to express themselves and to mingle with members of the opposite sex, whereas Nazi youth movements were strictly segregated by gender.  They even offered German adolescents an opportunity for sexual experimentation with the girls that tagged along with every group.  According to one Nazi official in 1941, "Every child knows who the Kittelbach Pirates are.   They are everywhere; there are more of them than there are Hitler Youth... They beat up the patrols... They never take no for an answer."  (This was a totalitarian system?)  The Nazi response to the Edelweißpiraten was to round some up and release them with their heads shaved to shame them.   Only in some cases, young people were sent to concentration camps or prison.  

 The Swing Kids were a group of jazz and Swing lovers in Germany of the 1930s composed of 14- to 18-year olds.  A popular term that the Swing subculture used to define itself was Lottern, roughly translated as something between "laziness" and "sleaziness," indicating contempt for the pressure to do "useful work" and the repressive sexual mores of the time. Reports by Hitler Youth observers of Swing parties and jitterbug went into careful detail about the overtly sexual nature of both.  One report describes as "moral depravity" the fact that Swing youth took pleasure in their sexuality.  The measures against them ranged from cutting their hair and sending them back to school under close monitoring, to the rare deportation of the leaders to concentration camps.

Most of these members of these gangs never were punished in any way and allowed to live freely within the Third Reich.

 Professor Sir Arthur Wynne Morgan Bryant, CH, CBE (2/18, 1899 – 1/22, 1985), was popular British historian and columnist for the Illustrated London News.  Bryant remained in contact with the Germans even after the outbreak of the War.

In May, Germany becomes One People under the Fuhrer Principle.  Opposition voices are somewhat hindered, but economic recovery is so great that most Germans aren’t concerned.

In May 1933, just after the Hitler regime was consolidated, an agreement was reached in Berlin for the coordination of all Nazi commerce with the U.S.A.  The Harriman International Co., led by Averell Harriman's first cousin Oliver, was to head a syndicate of 150 firms and individuals, to conduct all exports from Nazi Germany to the United States.  This pact had been negotiated in Berlin between Hitler's economics minister, Hjalmar Schacht, and John Foster Dulles, international attorney for dozens of Nazi enterprises, with the counsel of Max Warburg and Kurt von Schroeder.

Even so, some creative intellectuals, often called the Western Marxists, did flourish.  Chief among them were Antonio Gramsci, Karl Korsch, György Lukács, and some members of the so-called Frankfurt School (particularly Herbert Marcuse).

 ****The Frankfurt School refers to a school of neo-Marxist sociology and philosophy in the tradition of critical theory, particularly associated with the Institute for Social Research at the University of Frankfurt am Main.  The school gathered together dissident Marxists who, while remaining outspoken critics of capitalism, believed that some of Marx's followers had come to parrot a narrow selection of Marx's ideas, usually in defense of orthodox Communist or Social-Democratic parties.  These thinkers were particularly influenced by the failure of the working-class revolution in Western Europe (precisely where Marx had predicted that a communist revolution would take place) and by the rise of Nazism in such an economically and technologically advanced nation as Germany.  This led many of them to take up the task of choosing what parts of Marx's thought might serve to clarify contemporary social conditions which Marx himself had never seen.  Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the Institute left Germany for Geneva.  It then moved to New York City in 1934, where it became affiliated with Columbia University.  Notable theorists-Theodor W. Adorno;    Walter Benjamin;    Erich Fromm;    Jürgen Habermas;    Axel Honneth;    Max Horkheimer;    Siegfried Kracauer;    Otto Kirchheimer;    Leo Löwenthal;    Herbert Marcuse;    Oskar Negt;    Franz L. Neumann;    Franz Oppenheimer;    Friedrich Pollock;    Alfred Schmidt;    Alfred Sohn-Rethel;    Karl A. Wittfogel

Hitler’s proposals for a European pacification plan for Europe were delivered to the Geneva League of Nations.  His proposals included: prohibition of the dropping of gas, poisonous or incendiary bombs.  prohibition of dropping any bombs outside fighting fronts.  prohibition of artillery weapons over 12 miles from battle zones.  “Germany will be perfectly ready to disband her entire military establishment and destroy the small amount of arms remaining to her, if the neighboring countries will do the same thing with equal thoroughness.  Germany is entirely ready to renounce aggressive weapons of every sort if the armed nations, on their part, will destroy their aggressive weapons within a specified period, and if their use is forbidden by an international convention.  Germany is at all times prepared to renounce offensive weapons if the rest of the world does the same.  Germany is prepared to agree to any solemn pact of non-aggression because she does not think of attacking anybody but only of acquiring security” ~ Adolf Hitler May 17, 1933

1933 May 27 The World's Fair opens in Chicago.

 A Century of Progress International Exposition was the name of a World's Fair held in Chicago from 1933 to 1934 to celebrate the city's centennial.  The theme of the fair was technological innovation.  The fair's motto was "Science Finds, Industry Applies, Man Adapts"; its architectural symbol was the Sky Ride, a transporter bridge perpendicular to the shore on which one could ride from one side of the fair to the other. 

  One of the highlights of the 1933 World's Fair was the arrival of the German airship Graf Zeppelin on October 26, 1933.  It was used from 9/ 18, 1928-6/18, 1937.  Germany was represented at the Fair.

6/12 The World Monetary and Economic Conference opens in London with 64 nations in attendance to coordinate strategy for dealing with the Great Depression.  7/3 Roosevelt rejects the Conference's stabilization plan.  7/27 The Conference ends in failure.  Roosevelt's lack of support was largely responsible.  The Conference had been planned with support from President Herbert Hoover. The agenda had been agreed to in meetings between Roosevelt and the prime ministers of Britain and France who met with FDR in Washington in May 1933.

 June Grand Prix of Germany

 Church Elections (July 1933)  “With Luther and Hitler for faith and nationality”

July 14, 1933 - Nazi party declared only party in Germany.  The Nazi party is a pro-German unity party with factions of Left and Right and numerous combating leaders.

July 14, 1933 Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring - This is an Eugenics program to sterilize those who would be birthing societal-burdening children.  Many Western nations are enacting similar laws.

7/15 Germany signs the Four Powers Pact with France, Great Britain and Italy.  The pact was not ratified by France's Parliament.  Mussolini’s chief motive in suggesting the pact was the wish for closer Franco-Italian relations.  In practice, the Pact proved of little significance in international affairs, although it was one of the factors contributing to the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact of 1934.  The pact soon failed, but Britain in particular did not easily throw away the Four-Power idea.  

Many government projects and policies influenced Roosevelt’s policies.  Roosevelt follows Hitler’s lead, but involves Jewish Federal Reserve fraudulent national debt.  Degenerate activities stopped.  Unemployment reduced by work Projects.

 Irving Babbitt (August 2, 1865 – July 15, 1933) was an American academic and literary critic, noted for his founding role in a movement that became known as the New Humanism, a significant influence on literary discussion and conservative thought in the period 1910 to 1930.  He argued that war is the result of liberalism.  Liberalism leads to strong national government which ends in chauvinistic nationalism and imperialism.  [I would argue this reflects Britain, Soviet Union and the US policies, not Germany.]

Six months after Hitler seized power in 1933, several leading Berlin rabbis wrote to him pledging loyalty to Germany.  The rabbis argued that they, the orthodox, shared the Nazis' moral values, as opposed to decadent Bolshevism and libertinism, as opposed to the left-wing Jews who made up much of the avant garde.  The rabbis promised Hitler that they would do their best to persuade Jews around the world to end a boycott on German products.  Nor was the rabbis' letter to Hitler entirely exceptional.  A majority of Italy's Jews joined Benito Mussolini's Fascist party, which espoused an ideology similar to Hitler's, but without the Jew-hating.  Faced with a catastrophic shift in values in the wake of World War I, many European Jews looked for a repressive government willing to impose traditional values.   “Between the Yeshiva World and Modern Orthodoxy: The Life and Works of Rabbi Jehiel Jacob Weinberg” by Mark Shapiro (2011)

 ****August - The Transfer Agreement concluded between Germany and the Zionists.  In 1927, only about 15,000 of Germany’s 550,000 Jews considered themselves Zionists.  The collusion with the Zionist Jews culminating with the Nuremburg Race Laws encouraged high emigration to Palestine, but mostly elsewhere.  Between 1933 and 1941, some 60,000 German Jews emigrated to Palestine through this agreement.  Other European nations also concluded agreements with the Zionists modeled after this Ha’avara.  In 1937 Poland concluded one and in 1939 Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Italy concluded ones.  As often in European history, this was a form of Expulsion.  In addition, Nazis agreed to give all Jews safe passage out of Europe in 1942-43 for $2 million dollars.  However, when Rabbis went to Switzerland, the World Zionist Headquarters refused to pay, saying:  “Unless large amounts of Jewish blood is spilled during the war, we won’t be able to so easily secure our new homeland in Palestine after the war.”  This is to be explained as future blackmail against the very productive nation of Germany.

Samuel Untermyer described the Jewish boycott as nothing less than a "holy war."  A pact between Germany and the Zionists was made in which Jews leaving Germany could take their belongings. The Zionists inflamed tension between lower class Jews and the Germans hoping turbulence would lead to the Jews emigrating to Palestine.  The collaboration took place at a time when many Jews and Jewish organizations demanded a boycott of Germany.

Part of the plan was to make the Jews - with the cooperation with German National Socialism (Nazi) - as uncomfortable as possible. The Transfer Agreement mandated that Jewish capital could only to go Palestine and that each immigrant pay 1,000 pounds sterling upon arrival in Haifa. While Germany's Jewish Central Association, known as the Verein, contested the suggestion that the new government was deliberately provoking anti-Jew uprisings.

In 1937 Levi Eshkol* played a central role in the establishment of the Mekorot Water Company, Israel's national water company supplies 90% of Israel's drinking water and 80% of its water supplies, and in the role of CEO was instrumental in convincing the German government to allow Jews emigrating to Palestine to take with them some of their assets - mostly in the form of German-made equipment which became the property of the commune the new immigrant was assigned to.

“From the Depths” (1960) by Rabbi Michael Dov-Ber Weissmandel (1903–1957).  A Jewish rescue negotiator, described how he was told by the Nazis, in 1943, that he could have all the Jews in Western Europe and the Balkans for 2 million American dollars.  The offer was referred to the Zionists, in Switzerland, who turned it down.  But with the refusal, came another letter, written in Hebrew, which included the following: “About the cries coming from your country, we should know that all the Allied nations are spilling much of their blood, and if we do not sacrifice any blood, by what right shall we merit coming before the bargaining table when they divide nations and lands at the war’s end?”

 Joel Brand(t) (April 25, 1906 – July 13, 1964) was a Hungarian.  Brand teamed up with fellow Zionists in Budapest to form the Aid and Rescue Committee, a group that helped Jewish refugees to the safety of Hungary.  Shortly after the German invasion, Brand was asked by SS officer Adolf Eichmann to help broker a deal between the SS and the United States or Britain.  Eichmann said he would release up to one million Hungarian Jews, if the Western Allies would supply Germany with 10,000 trucks and large quantities of soap, tea, and coffee.  Brand died in Israel supposedly of liver disease, but more likely assassinated before he told the truth.  Adolf Otto Eichmann (March 19, 1906 – May 31, 1962) was a German Lieutenant Colonel in the Wehrmacht. (see 1938)  Eichmann should have gone further into hiding, but still trusted that the Truth would win out, in spite of what Israel had been doing to Brand.

The Stachel(barb) was a Gestapo composed of Jewish agents who spied on fellow Jews who were hoarding and black marketeering. 

The Yellow star was a heroic gesture, just like the SS wore the swastika.

The Lion of Judah was the symbol of Judaism until the Zionists appeared.

Tekla mekla - referred to jew ‘money’ alias I.O.U.s, as “tekla-mekla money,” that is, purchasing power made entirely out of hocus-pocus, with abracadabra included as small change. More jewish magic!

120,000 Jews emigrated to Palestine.

In Lodz ghetto there was a Jewish police force, Jewish bank, Jewish money, Post Office and stamps and workshops.  Germans had these expenses to help the Jews prepare for their trip to Israel. 

Germans were paid by the Government to teach Jews carpentry, bricklaying, machine tooling, plumbing, farming, animal husbandry, auto mechanics, etc.

 (see 1941) Almost everywhere under Nazi rule Jews were forced to purchase and wear a six-pointed star of David whenever they appeared in public.  This did not prevent their nearly normal economic activity.  This was to point out to Germans, the possible enemy aliens in their midst.  The yellow or light blue star was worn on an armband or pinned on a shirt or coat.  This practice didn’t start until 1939 in certain regions and not codified until 9/1, 1941.

 JJuly 20, 1933 Hitler signs the Concordant with the Vatican which has been discussed earlier.  Throughout the War, only 1.5% of Roman Catholic priests spent time in the camps for breaking Concordant rules.

Late July -In the Cathedral of Trier, the relic of Jesus’ seamless robe discovered by St. Helena was shown to pilgrims in a rare showing.  More than 25,000 pilgrims visit within a week.  Von Papen, who negotiated the Concordant attended.

In Sept, Hitler proposes a future Senate for checks against dictator.

     The Nuremberg Rally was the annual rally of the NSDAP, held from 1923 to 1938.  After 1933, the rallies were held near the time of the Autumn equinox under the label of ("National Congress of the Party of the German People"), which was meant to symbolize the solidarity between the German people and the Nazi Party.  This point was further emphasized by the yearly growing number of participants, which finally reached over half a million from all sections of the party, the army and the state.  Each rally was given a title: 1/27, 1923-First Party Congress in Munich; 9/1, 1923-"German day rally" in Nuremberg; 7/4, 1926-2nd, ("Refounding Congress") in Weimar; 8/20, 1927-3rd, ("Day of Awakening"); 8/2, 1929-4th, "Day of Composure"; 1933-5th "Rally of Victory"; 1934 – The 6th "Rally of Unity and Strength", "Rally of Power", or "Rally of Will".  “Triumph of the Will” was produced here.;  1935 – The 7th "Rally of Freedom" (from Treaty of Versailles);  1936 – The 8th "Rally of Honor" (regained Rhineland);  1937 – The 9th "Rally of Labor" (reduction of unemployment);  1938 – The 10th "Rally of Greater Germany" (annexation of Austria);  1939 – The 11th "Rally of Peace" (to reiterate the German desire for peace) (cancelled because of Polish aggression)

 August 1933 Catholic youth meeting

 ****9/2/1933 Rabbi Dr. Manfred Reifer of Czernowitz (Western Ukraine) wrote:

“Why Hitler Came to Power: One Rabbi’s Explanation”

“The present situation of the German Jews is the conclusion of an historical process. It is a development the beginning of which can be traced back to the time of Bismarck.  It had to come this way, if one understands the deep historical import of this anti-Semitic movement, of which Adolf Hitler is the strongest exponent.  Anyone who did not foresee that was afflicted with blindness.  One tried to close one’s eyes to the events and acted according to the vulgar principle: “What one does not want, one does not believe.”  That was a convenient way to avoid fundamental questions, to look at the world through rose-colored glasses.  The advocates of assimilation attempted to throw a veil over things and to play liberalism—long dead—as their last card.  They did not understand the course of history, and believed they could evade it by declaring themselves Germans of the Mosaic faith, by denying the existence of a Jewish nation, by severing all threads that bound them to Jewry, by striking out the word “Zion” in their prayer books and introducing Sunday Service.  They looked upon anti-Semitism as a passing phenomenon which would be eliminated through intensive propaganda, through organization of a society for fighting it.  Such were the thoughts of a great majority of German Jews.  And hence the disappointment, the deep resignation in connection with Hitler’s victory, hence the nameless despair, the spreading psychosis that culminated in suicide, the complete loss of morale.

“But he who judges the events in Germany according to the principle of causality will have to judge the Nazi movements as the culmination of a natural development; he will also understand that history knows no accidents, that every epoch is the result of the preceding one.  And here lies the key to the understanding of the present situation.  The fight against Jewdom has been conducted in Germany for half a century intensively and with German thoroughness.  Scientific anti-Semitism has taken root in German soil.

“All this the German Jews refused to see.  They fed themselves on false hope, overlooked reality and dreamed of cosmo politanism of the time of Dohn, Lessing and Mendelssohn. The uprooted Jews gave themselves fantastic ideas and nourished cosmopolitan dreams.  And this expressed itself in twofold manner.  Either they acclaimed the general liberalism or they became banner carriers of socialism.  Both fields of activity furnished new food to anti-Semitism.

“In all good faith, to serve themselves and humanity, the Jews began to reach actively into the life of the German people.  With characteristic passion they threw themselves upon all fields of knowledge, they took hold of the press, organized the working masses, and strove to influence the whole spiritual life in the direction of liberalism and democracy. This of course would necessarily cause a deep reaction on the part of their host people. When the Jews, for instance, took hold of the so-called international disciplines, whenever they achieved distinction in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, astronomy, and to a certain extent in the field of philosophy, they might at most cause envy among their Aryan colleagues, but not general hatred of the whole nation.  One did not like to see Jews become bearers of Nobel prizes, but accepted it silently.  But in the fields of national disciplines things are quite different. Here every nation strives to develop its own original powers and to transmit to the present and coming generation the fruits of the spiritual labors of the race.  It is not a matter of indifference to the people who write its Christmas articles, who celebrate mass, who urge going to church.  The people of every nation wish that their young be educated in their own spirit.  But while great parts of the German people fought for the maintenance of their kind, we Jews filled with our clamor the streets of Germania.  We posed as world reformers and sought to influence public life through our ideas.  We rang the bells and called to silent prayer, we prepared the “Lord’s supper” and celebrated resurrection.

“We played with the most holy possessions of the people and at times made fun of all that was sacred to the nation.  We trusted to the imperishable rights of democracy and felt ourselves as equal citizens of the state within the German community.  We posed as censors of the morals of the people, and poured out full cups of satire upon the German Michel. We wanted to be prophets in the pagan fields of Germania and forgot ourselves so far that all this had to draw destruction upon us. <>We made revolutions, and ran as eternal God seekers, ahead of the masses of the people.  We gave to the international proletariat a second Bible, one that was adequate to the times, and we roused the passions of the third state.  The Jew Marx from Germany, declared war on capitalism and LaSalle [also Jewish—Ed.] organized the masses of the people in Germany itself.  The Jew Eduard Bernstein popularized ideology, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg [also Jew ish—Ed.] called the Spartacist movement to life.  The Jew Kurt Eisner created the Bavarian Soviet Republic and was her first, and last, president. And against that the German nation rose up, rebelled.  She wanted to forge her own destiny, determine the future of her own children—and she should not have been blamed for it.

“What we objected to first of all was the world citizenship, the cosmopolitanism, which had Jews as its front fighters.  These uprooted persons imagined they possessed the power to transplant the ideas of Isaiah into the alleys of Germania, and to storm Valhalla with Amos.  At times they succeeded in that, but they bury themselves and the Jewish people under the ruins of a world that has collapsed.

“One must look at the struggle of the Hitler regime from a different viewpoint, and learn to understand.  Have we Jews not rebelled, and conducted bloody wars against everything foreign?  What else then were the wars of the Maccabees but protests against a foreign, non-Jewish way of life?  And of what consisted the eternal fight of the prophets?  Surely of nothing else than eliminating foreign elements, the foreign gods, and of the keeping scared the original nature of Jewdom.  Have we not rebelled against the racially related kings of the house of the Idu maeens?  And have we not excluded the Samaritans from our community because they practiced mixed marriages?  Why should not the German nationalists do the same, when a Kurt Eisner appropriates to himself the prerogatives of the Wittels bachers?  We must learn to look truth in the face and to draw last consequences.

“We should not want to be false prophets, but to dodge facts does not mean solving the problem. What is occurring today in Germany will come tomorrow in Russia. For all crimes which were the consequences of the Communistic system, the Jews in Soviet Russia will have to suffer some day. We shall have to pay dearly for the fact that Trotsky, Joffe, Sinojew, had leading posts in Soviet Russia.

“Was there not more sin against the democratic form in Soviet Russia than in Germany? While in Germany Hitler obtained in the election campaign a majority, in Russia there was no such thing. There a small minority—today after 15 years an organization of barely four millions—proclaimed the dictatorship of the proletariat. . . . The Jews’ attempt in Soviet Russia also to be announcers and pronouncers of the new absolute truth, they strive to interpret the Bolshevist Bible and to influence the ways of thinking of the Russian people.  A process that calls forth sharpest resistance and even today leads to anti-Semitic disruption.  What will happen when the Soviet government will have fallen and democracy in Russia will celebrate its solemn entrance?  Will the Jews fare better than today in Germany?  Will not the Russian people behind the Trotskys, the Kamenevs, Sinojews, etc. discover their old Jewish names and let the children suffer for the sins of their fathers? Or will it not even last that long, so that even the father’s turn will come yet?  Are there not examples for that?  Did not thousands of Jews lose their lives in Hungary because Bela Kun [a Jew—Ed.] erected a Soviet republic on the soil of Stephan the Holy?  The Hungarian Jews have paid very dearly for their prophetdom. . . . Within the [communist] Internationale the Jews appear as the most radical element.  Germans, French, Poles, Czechs have a home and their internationalism lives itself out in Germany, France, Poland, Czechia.  They are autochthonous, under home right.  That shows itself in practical life.  The Germans in 1914 burned their red flags in the Tiergarten at Berlin and went with the Deutschland on their lips, forth to war.  The Polish socialist Daszinski stood in the forefront of the fight for the resurrection of Poland and the Czech socialists sang with enthusiasm their Hatikwah “Kdedomov muj.”

“Only the Jews would hear nothing about home and fell as ostensible prophets on the field of liberty.  Karl Liebkneckt, Rosa Luxemburg, Kurt Eisner, Gustav Land auer: “No Kaddosh will be spoken, no mass read. . . .”

“They, and in the same measure, the children of liberalism, all those poets, authors, artists, journalists, prepared the present time, nourished Jew hatred, furnished the grounds, the material for the era of National Socialism.  They all surely desired the best, but attained the opposite.  They were cursed with blindness, they saw not the approach of catastrophe, they heard not the footfall of time, the heavy footfalls of time, the heavy footfalls of the Nemesis of History.

Also Dr. Manfred Reifer, a well known leader of the Jews of Bukovina, wrote in the Jewish magazine Czernowitzer Allegemeine Zeitung (September 1933):  'Whilst large sections of the German nation were struggling for the preservation of their race, we Jews filled the streets of Germany with our vociferations.  We supplied the press with articles on the subject of its Christmas and Easter and administered to its religious beliefs in the manner we considered suitable.  We ridiculed the highest ideals of the German nation and profaned the matters which it holds sacred.'

September 1933: German Protestant deacons meet in Hamburg to celebrate the centennial of their association.  A Protestant pastor addresses his comrades in a speech entitled Deaconry as attack: "All this is Protestant deaconry: Service and fight.  We greet you all as the SA of Jesus Christ and the SS of the Church, you brave ... [fighters] of need, misery, despair and dereliction."

 Karl Maria Wiligut (12/10, 1866- 1/3, 1946) was an Austrian Ariosophist.  In esoteric currents of Neo-Nazism, Neofolk, National-Socialist black metal and Neopaganism, Wiligut's writings enjoyed a renewal of interest in the 1990s.  In September 1933 Wiligut joins the SS under the pseudonym Karl Maria Weisthor and is appointed head of a department for Pre- and Early History within the SS Race and Resettlement Main Office in Munich. He had earlier been personally introduced to Himmler by his old friend Richard Anders.  In 1934 The Edda Society's publication Hagal devotes three issues to the ancestral memory and mystical family traditions of Karl Maria Wiligut (Weisthor). (Roots)

Irminenschaft is a current of Ariosophy based on a Germanic deity Irmin from ancient sources.  Purported evidence also stems from the occurrence of the word "Irmingot", found in the Old High German "Hildebrandslied", which reports on events in the 6th century. Notably the Nazi occultist Karl Maria Wiligut claimed a historical Irminism, established in 12,500 BC, later ousted by Wotanism.  Wiligut, aka Weisthor, claimed that the Bible had originally been written in Germanic, and testified to an "Irminic" religion (Irminenreligion) that contrasted with Wotanism.  Wiliguts was influenced by Ernst Bethas "The Earth and our Ancestors", which wrote of a Kristgermanentum with reoccurring crucifixions of some Germanic Baldur Chrestos at Goslar.  He claimed to worship a Germanic god "Krist", which Christianity was supposed to have later bootlegged as their own saviour Christ.  Germanic culture and history according to Wiligut would reach back to 228,000 BC. At this time, there would have been three suns, and Earth would have been inhabited by giants, dwarfs and other mythical creatures.  By 12,500 BC, The Irminic religion of Krist was revealed and from that time became the religion of all Germanic peoples, until the schismatic adherents of Wotanism gained the upper hand.  In 1200 BC, the Wotanists succeeded in destroying the Irminic religious center at Goslar, following which the Irminists erected a new temple at the Externsteine, which was in turn appropriated by the Wotanists in AD 460.  Wiligut's own ancestors are protagonists in this setting: the Wiligotis were Ueiskunings ("Wise kings") descended from a union of Aesir and Vanir.  They founded the city of Vilna as the center of their Germanic empire and always remained true to their Irminic faith.  Wiligut's convictions assumed a paranoid trait in the 1920s, as he became convinced that his family was the victim of a continuing persecution of Irminists, at present conducted by the Catholic Church, the Jews, and the Freemasons, on which groups he also blamed the loss in World War I and the downfall of the Habsburg Empire.  In some esoteric currents of Neo-Nazism, Neofolk, National Socialist Black Metal and Nazi paganism, Wiligut's writings enjoyed a renewal of interest in the 1990s. (Interesting that Wotanism destroyed the last temple in just 460ad and Christianity, more similar according to Willigut to Irminism, regained the upper hand in about 1000ad.)

1908 July Karl Maria Wiligut (Weisthor) writes a series of nine pagan commandments. He claims that his father had initiated him into the family secrets in 1890, and that he is able to recall the history and experiences of his tribe over thousands of years. (Roots)

1920 Winter Theodor Czepl visits Karl Maria Wiligut (Weisthor) in Salzburg and stays for seven weeks. He is said to have visited with Wiligut on at least two other occasions during this period.  Czepl records his visits in detail in a memorandum prepared for the Order of the New Templars (ONT). (Mund; Roots) Theodor Czepl (pseudonym: F. Dietrich) (  -1978) was an author, long-time companion of Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels and a member of the Ordo Novi Templi.  Czepl was in contact with the leading nationalist occultists.  

    (Note: Wiligut (Weisthor) identifies with a religion he calls Irminism, which he says is distinct from, and the opponent of Wotanism.  Irminists, he claims, celebrate Krist, a Germanic god, who Christianity had bowdlerized and then appropriated as its own saviour.) (Roots)

 Otto Wilhelm Rahn (2/18, 1904—3/13, 1939) was a German medievalist and a (First Lieutenant) of the SS.  From an early age, he became interested in the legends of Parsifal, Holy Grail, Lohengrin, and the Nibelungenlied.  He was inspired to study the Albigensian (Catharism) movement, and the massacre that occurred at Montségur.  In 1933 Otto Rahn publishes “Crusade Against the Grail”.  Himmler greatly admires the book, and it soon becomes required SS reading.  In 1937 Otto Rahn's second book (Lucifer's Court in Europe) English: “Lucifer's Court: A Heretic's Journey in Search of the Light Bringers” (2008) by Otto Rahn.  Rahn’s personal diary from his travels as occult investigator for the Third Reich.   First English translation of the author’s journeys in search of a Nordic equivalent to Mt. Sinai.  Explains why Lucifer the Light Bringer, god of the heretics, is a positive figure.  Induced by Himmler to become the chief investigator of the occult for the Nazis, Rahn traveled throughout Europe--from Spain to Iceland--in the mid 1930s pursuing leads to the Grail and other mysteries.  It was during this time that Rahn grasped the positive role Lucifer plays in these forbidden religions as the bearer of true illumination, similar to Apollo and other sun gods in pagan worship.  He eventually called himself a Cathar.  His journeys included researching an alleged entrance to Hollow Earth in Iceland and searching for the true mission of Lucifer in the caves of southern France that served as refuge for the Cathars during the Inquisition.  This led to his disenchantment with his employers and his mysterious death in the mountains after his break with the Nazis.   Rumors persist that he was murdered by the SS.

 Announcing Leni Riefenstahl’s film of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally.

February 2-October 14, 1933                 Geneva Disarmament Conference - Delegates from 60 countries met to consider plans to reduce the likelihood of war through general disarmament conference in Geneva.  The new German government, under Adolf Hitler, accepted the disarmament plan presented by Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald of Britain introduced in March by which most European armies would be limited to 200,000 soldiers.  The Soviet Union would have 500,000.  Britain would have 300,000 plus 600,000 for its Empire.  France was allowed another 200,000 for its empire.  All nations were allowed Air Forces except Germany.  Altogether France and its immediate allies, not counting Britain or Russia, had over I million soldiers compared to Germany’s 200,000.  The conference adjourned between June and October and during the interval desperate attempts were made to reach an agreement.  In the final negotiations, British and French legislatures would not agree even to this lopsided arrangement.

10/3 A British court indicts ten Brit ha-Biryonim (Covenant of Terrorists) members in the Arlosoroff murder.  (The Strongmen Alliance) was a clandestine, self-declared fascist faction of the Revisionist Zionist Movement (ZRM) in Palestine, active between 1930 and 1933.  Haim Arlosoroff (1899 – 1933) was a Zionist leader of the Yishuv during the British Mandate for Palestine, prior to the establishment of the State of Israel, and head of the Political Department of the Jewish Agency.  In 1933, Arlosoroff was assassinated while walking on the beach in Tel Aviv.

10/8 The St. Louis, Missouri, chapter of the Friends of New Germany, begins operating.  In May 1933, the Nazi Deputy Führer, Rudolf Hess, authorized Heinz Spanknobel, to form the Friends of New Germany.  Assistance was given to its formation by the German consul in the City of New York.  The organization, though based in New York City, had a strong presence in Chicago, Illinois.  The organization was eventually merged into the newly formed German American Bund.

Oct 14, 1933 – Because of the Conference, Germany quits the League of Nations.

Oct 14, 1933 After several months of aggressive planning and implementation in all societal fields for the German nation, 95% (98.8%) Germans endorse the Nazi State.

Roosevelt recognizes Soviets.  Jewish Soviets begin to counterfeit US currency.

"Day of German Art" The laying of the cornerstone on October 15, 1933, the "Day of German Art," also intended to signal a renewal of German artistic life and to expose National Socialist Germany as a peaceful nation of culture in the eyes of the rest of the world.  Munich was elevated to the status of "Capital of German Art" and correspondingly honored with a historic parade.  As with the laying of the cornerstone, the opening of the "Haus der Deutschen Kunst" on July 18, 1937, was staged as a pompous spectacle by the National Socialist propaganda authorities.  The "Day of German Art" was to be celebrated again, now scheduled to take place every year, however, because of the war, 1939 was the last time it was held.

 

Other Nazi era parade photos:

****The ("Vow of Most Faithful Allegiance", "proclamation of loyalty of German writers" or "promise of most loyal obedience") was a declaration by 88 German writers and poets of their loyalty to Adolf Hitler printed on October 26, 1933.  The declaration by German writers was echoed by similar declarations by 900 university and high school professors in November, and by other artists in August 1934.: “Peace, work, freedom and honor are the most sacred goods of each nation and a precondition for honest coexistence of peoples with each other.  Consciousness of our power and recovered unity, our sincere will to serve unreservedly the cause of peace inside and outside our nation, the deep conviction of our tasks in the reconstruction of the Reich, and our determination to do to nothing that is not compatible with our honor and that of our Fatherland, make us, in this grave hour submit to you, Herr Reichskanzler, this vow of our most faithful allegiance.”

Among these writers were:

Rudolf Georg Binding (8/13, 1867 – 8/4, 1938) was a German writer.  Binding's diary and letters, A Fatalist at War, was published in 1927.  His collected war poems, stories and recollections were not published until after his death in 1938.  He saw National Socialist Party as an aspect of national revival.  In 1928 he won a silver medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his ("Rider's Instructions to his Lover").

Hans-Friedrich Blunck (9/3, 1888 – 4/24, 1961) was a jurist and a writer.  He occupied various positions in Nazi cultural institutions.  Blunck was especially interested in Nordic themes and Hanseatic history, which he framed with an emphasis on nationalistic aspects and the "völkisch" body of thought.  His work includes conflicts with the Germanic pantheon, Norse sagas, fairy tales, ghost stories and Low Saxon poetry.  Unlike his successor Johst, Blunck was not a member of the NSDAP and spoke out against persecution of Jews who served in World War I.  Blunck was named foreign representative of the Reich Literature Chamber and Honorary "Chairman by Seniority".  In 1936, Blunck founded the "Foundation of German Works Abroad", whose goal was to propagate a positive picture of the Third Reich abroad.  In 1952, Blunck published his memoirs under the title ("Pathless Times").

Richard Euringer (4/4, 1891 – 8/29, 1953) was a German writer.  His best-known work is probably “As a Pilot in Two Wars”(1941). From 1950 he published under the pseudonym Florian Ammer.  In 1933, after his work “German Passion”, he also became a director of the libraries in Essen.  In this capacity, he identified 18,000 works deemed not to correspond with Nazi ideology, which were publicly burned (?) as a result.

Gustav Frenssen (10/19, 1863 – 4/11, 1945) was a German novelist. He wrote patriotically about his native country and promoted Heimatkunst (regionalism) in literature.

Friedrich Griese (1890–1975) was a German novelist associated with the nationalist literary movement during the Third Reich.  Griese wrote mostly about peasant life in northern Germany.  Griese's novels are nostalgic both in their interest in medieval German literature and their enthusiasm for an idealized conception of the spirit of the German peasant.  In this sense they are solidly within the (Blood and Soil) school popular during the Third Reich.

Max Halbe (11/4, 1865 – 11/30, 1944) was a German dramatist and main exponent of Naturalism.

Paul Oskar Höcker (12/17, 1865 – 5/6, 1944) was a German editor and author, who also wrote under the pseudonym Heinz Grevenstett.  In the beginning of the twentieth century he wrote a number of Leatherstocking Tales for children in the vein of James Fenimore Cooper.

Hanns Johst (7/8, 1890 – 11/23, 1978) was a German playwright and Nazi Poet Laureate.

Hermann Robert Richard Eugen Kasack (7/24, 1896 – 1/10, 1966) was a German writer, best known for his novel (The City Beyond the River). Kasack was a pioneer of using the medium broadcast for literature.  He published radio plays also under the pen names Hermann Wilhelm and Hermann Merten.

Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer (12/30, 1878 – 4/12, 1962) was an Austrian novelist, poet and playwright.

Dr. Johann von Leers*

Gerhard Menzel (9/29, 1894 – 5/4, 1966) was a German screenwriter.  He wrote for 38 films between 1933 and 1965.

Agnes Miegel (3/9, 1879 -10/26, 1964) was a German author, journalist, and poet. Her best-known lyrical works are ballads written in the classical tradition and poems about her East Prussian homeland.  In his book "A Terrible Revenge" (2006) Alfred de Zayas writes about the literature of Germans from East Prussia, Silesia and Sudetenland, including Agnes Miegel, who personally suffered the expulsion from East Prussia at the end of the Second World War and expressed her loss and consternation in many poems published (mostly posthumously) in "Poems, Stories, Memories" (1977). Her touching poem "There Was A Country" was translated into English by de Zayas: "Once there was this land—we loved this land—yet horror fell upon it just as dunes of sand.  As elks in marsh and meadow vanished, so the trace of man and beast is lost.  They froze in snow, they scorched in flames, how miserably they wasted in the hands of strangers.  Deep under the Baltic waves they lie, their bones awash in bays and straits, they sleep on Jutland's sandy bosom, -- and we, the lone survivors, wander homelessly, like seaweed strewn about after the storms, like autumn leaves that drift and sob.  Alone You, Our Father, You do know What this our desolation means."

Walter Ritter/Reichsritter von Molo (6/14, 1880– 10/27, 1958) was a Czech-born Austrian writer.  His books included biographies of Friedrich Schiller, Frederick the Great, and Prince Eugen, as well as novels such as ("A People Awakes", 1918–21).  All were strongly marked by German nationalism.

Börries von Münchhausen (3/20, 1874 – 3/16, 1945) was a German poet and expressed adherence to German Romantic poets' fascination with the Middle Ages and the world of German legend.

Johannes Schlaf (6/21, 1862– 2/2, 1941 Id.) was a German playwright, author, and translator and an important exponent of Naturalism.  As a translator he was important for exposing the German-speaking world to the works of Walt Whitman, Émile Verhaeren and Émile Zola and is known as a founder of the "Whitman Cult" in Germany.  His literary achievements lie foremost in the scenic-dialogue innovations of "sequential naturalism" and in the formalization of literary impressionism.  He also contributed to the emergence of the "intimate theater." Schlaf's naturalism extended into racial aspects, but the vague concept of a Germanic race could apply to virtually every European nation. 

Anton Schnack (7/21, 1892 – 9/26, 1973) was a German writer. He was one of the leading war poets of the Great War.  He continued to publish war poems in three collections that he published in 1919, ("Verses of greed"), ("The Adventurer") and ("The Thousand laughs").  His published his most significant collection of war poetry, ("Beast strove mightily with beast") in 1920.

Lothar Schreyer (1886– 1966) was a German artist, editor, and gallery owner.  In 1933 he converted to the Catholicism.  During the 1930s, he was concerned with Christian mysticism and folk ideas.

Will Vesper (10/11, 1882-3/14, 1962) was a German author and literary critic.  He rose to early fame as the editor of several anthologies of German poetry of a ‘spiritual’ kind, including “The German Psalter” and two volumes of The harvest of eight centuries of German Poetry, and for his retelling of the Tristan and Isolde and Parzifal stories, all of which sold in tens of thousands before 1914.

Josef Magnus Wehner (11/14, 1891 – 12/14, 1973) was a German writer and playwright. He is celebrated as a "great German poet".  After the war, he wrote a number of feast plays for religious occasions, including celebrations for Rabanus Maurus and Saint Boniface.

  Ukraine genocide, Christian genocide, White Russian genocide.  Stalin kills upwards of 40 million of his own citizens.

“Judaism and Bolshevism” by A Homer in the Catholic Herald Oct/ Nov 1933  This article also demonstrates the alliance between International Finance and its protégées, Bolshevism and Zionism.

10/29 The Gray Shirt movement is established in South Africa.

10/30 The White Shirts movement is founded in Ottawa, Canada.

 The Munich "Putsch" saw Hitler take over the Nazi Party.  It marks the Nov. 9, 1923 coup.

"Early in November the John Day Co. publicly announced the publication of a book to be entitled "The New Germany Desires Work and Peace." Immediately upon this announcement, the American Jewish Congress communicated with the John Day Co. and suggested that it would favor the publication of this volume provided the speeches included those in which Chancellor Hitler most violently attacked the Jews and proved himself the foe of democracy, liberalism and pacific international relations.  As a result of this communication the John Day Co. on Nov 1 publicly announced that it would rescind its contract and refuse to publish.” From "Hitlerism: Confidential Record of Activities," by the American Jewish Congress March-December, 1933.

1933 “The Conflict of the Ages” by Arno Clemens “AC” Gaebelein exposes the plans of the Zionist-Illuminati movement against Christianity.  Arno Clemens Gaebelein (1861-1945) was a Methodist minister in the United States of America.  He was also a teacher and a conference speaker.  Being a dispensationalist, he was a developer of the movement in its early days.  Two of his books, Revelation, and Analysis and Exposition and Current Events in the Light of the Bible explain the dispensationalist view of eschatology.  He also was the editor of Our Hope, a Christian periodical, for a number of years, and was a close assistant to Dr. C. I. Scofield.

William Edward Dodd (October 21, 1869 - February 9, 1940) was an American historian who served as the US Ambassador to Germany from 1933 to 1937, during the Nazi era.  His daughter, Martha, became a notable Communist.  On October 5, 1933, Dodd gave a speech in Berlin in which he described the New Deal programs in the following way: "It was not revolution as men are prone to say.  It was a popular expansion of governmental powers beyond all constitutional grants; and nearly all men everywhere hope the President may succeed."  Dodd tried without success to save the life of Helmut Hirsch, an German-American Jew who planned to bomb parts of the Nazi party rally grounds at Nuremberg.  Hjalmar Schacht stated that Dodd was his friend.  During the 1936 election, he wrote a public letter warning that the defeat of Roosevelt's programs would produce a fascist dictatorship financed by an American billionaire, whom he did not name.  

Martha Eccles Dodd (October 8, 1908 - August 10, 1990) was the daughter of William Dodd, who served as the US ambassador to Germany between 1933 and 1937.  She initially found the Nazi movement attractive.  She later wrote that she "became temporarily an ardent defender of everything going on" and admired the "glowing and inspiring faith in Hitler, the good that was being done for the unemployed."  She made a number of friends in high circles, and Ernst Hanfstaengl, an aide to Adolf Hitler, tried to encourage a romantic relationship between Hitler and Dodd.  Dodd found Hitler "excessively gentle and modest in his manners", but no romance followed their meeting.  She had numerous relationships while in Berlin.  Following the Night of the Long Knives, the Nazi purge of its paramilitary units in mid-1934, Dodd changed her views on the Nazis along with others in her social circle.  In March 1934, the Soviet NKVD agent Vinogradov and Dodd began a romantic relationship that lasted for years after he left Berlin and they eventually even wrote a letter to Joseph Stalin asking for permission to marry.  In the summer of 1938, Martha married New York Jew millionaire Alfred Stern, a wealthy investment broker.  One Soviet wrote that "She considers herself a Communist and claims to accept the party's program.  In reality [she] is a typical representative of American bohemia, a sexually decayed woman ready to sleep with any handsome man."  With Soviet approval, Stern established a music publishing house that served as a cover for routing information from the U.S. to the Soviet Union.  The FBI had Dodd under surveillance by 1948.  Boris Morros, a Soviet spy turned FBI informer, implicated Dodd and Stern in 1957 as Soviet agents as part of his exposure of the Soble spy network. The Soviets then allowed them to immigrate to Moscow just as they were convicted of espionage by a U.S. court.  In 1979 U.S. Justice dropped charges against Dodd and her husband.

1933 The Navigators was founded by Dawson Trotman and is a worldwide Christian para-church organization headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado.  Its main purpose is the discipling (training) of Christians with a particular emphasis on enabling them to share their faith with others.  Currently, more than 4,600 Navigator staff of 69 nationalities minister to college students, military personnel, business and professional people, communities, and churches in 103 countries.

 ****The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their steel production and for their manufacture of ammunition and armaments.  The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century.  In 1999 it merged with Thyssen AG to form ThyssenKrupp AG, a large industrial conglomerate.

Friedrich Krupp (1787–1826) launched the family's metal-based activities, building a pioneering steel foundry in Essen in 1810.  His son Alfred (1812–87), known as "the Cannon King" or as "Alfred the Great", invested heavily in new technology to become a significant manufacturer of steel rollers (used to make eating utensils) and railway tyres.  He also invested in fluidized hotbed technologies (notably the Bessemer process) and acquired many mines in Germany and France. Unusually for the era, he provided social services for his workers, including subsidized housing and health and retirement benefits.  The company began to make steel cannons in the 1840s—especially for the Russian, Turkish, and Prussian armies. Low non-military demand and government subsidies meant that the company specialized more and more in weapons: by the late 1880s the manufacture of armaments represented around 50% of Krupp's total output.  When Alfred started with the firm, it had five employees.  At his death twenty thousand people worked for Krupp—making it the world's largest industrial company and the largest private company in the German empire.

After Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933, the Krupp works became the center for German rearmament.  In 1943, by a special order from Hitler, the company reverted to a sole-proprietorship, with Gustav and Bertha's eldest son Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (1907–67) as proprietor.  After Germany's defeat, Gustav was senile and incapable of standing trial, and the Nuremberg Military Tribunal convicted Alfried as a war criminal in the Krupp Trial for "plunder" and for his company's use of slave labor.  It sentenced him to 12 years in prison and ordered him to sell 75% of his holdings.  In 1951, as the Cold War developed and no buyer came forward, the authorities released him, and in 1953 he resumed control of the firm.  In 1968, the company became a corporation. In 1999, the Krupp Group merged with its largest competitor, Thyssen AG; the combined company—ThyssenKrupp AG, became Germany's fifth-largest firm and one of the largest steel producers in the world.

The Krupp family first appeared in the historical record in 1587, when Arndt Krupp joined the merchants' guild in Essen. Arndt, a trader, arrived in town just before an epidemic of the Black Death plague and became one of the city's wealthiest men by purchasing the property of families who fled the epidemic.  After he died in 1624, his son Anton took over the family business; Anton oversaw a gunsmithing operation during the Thirty Years' War (1618–48), which was the first instance of the family's long association with arms manufacturing.

Krupp received its first order for 135 Panzer I tanks in 1933, and during WWII made tanks, artillery, naval guns, armor plate, munitions and other armaments for the German military.  It’s shipyard launched the German cruiser Prinz Eugen, as well as many of Germany's U-boats (130 between 1934 and 1945) using preassembled parts supplied by other Krupp factories in a process similar to the construction of the US liberty ships.

In the 1930s, Krupp developed two 800 mm railway guns, which were the biggest artillery pieces ever fielded by an army during wartime, and weighed almost 1,344 tons.  They could fire a 7-ton shell over a distance of 37 kilometers.  More crucial to the operations of the German military was Krupp's development of the famed 88 mm anti-aircraft cannon which found use as a notoriously effective anti-tank gun.

In an address to the Hitler Youth, Adolf Hitler stated "In our eyes, the German boy of the future must be slim and slender, as fast as a greyhound, tough as leather and hard as Krupp steel".

4/10, 2012 Krupp Museum: Few people know that the famous Krupp dynasty actually began in the Netherlands.  Arndt Kruipe is the first name in the family chronicles of what was to become an immense Essen-based empire.  Kruipe was a merchant who sold a variety of goods – from ironware and wine to food, livestock, and real estate.  He arrived in the Ruhr city around 1587 and accumulated considerable wealth.

To research Krupp history and make it accessible to a broad public, the curator of Essen's Ruhr Museum Theodor Grütter and his staff examined nearly 7,000 artifacts, including photographs, films, documents and family heirlooms.  Some 1,500 of these are now on display at the museum through November 4, 2012.

The Krupp management also tried to demonstrate social responsibility.  It took care of permanent employees and trained them.  Hospitals, schools and libraries were set up for good workers.  This was not just charity - it was also demonstrated some far-sighted business acumen.  Only the best workers received the coveted benefits.  "The permanent staff was never more than 10 percent of the workforce," says museum director Grütter.  These privileged workers kept their jobs even during bad times, and their special training ensured high productivity and expertise.  This model also served as a constant incentive to the rest of the workers.

 Margarethe Krupp (1854-1931) took two hours each day to receive people in need and help them out with clothes, dishes and other everyday items.  Self-interest and humanitarian actions stood side-by-side.

Though Krupp did cooperate with the Nazis, he kept half of his manufacturing facilities focused on non-military goods.  The indictment and conviction after World War II for cooperating with Hitler and using forced labor was certainly justified.  But what is more mystifying is that other business magnates who did the same were not indicted.  This too is a reflection of the "Krupp legend," which always seemed to swing between glorification and vilification.

Krupp had a decisive advantage in an age-old entrepreneurial ideal: prioritizing the long-term existence of the business and the family over short-term profit maximization.  In the large Krupp family tree, it turns out there were no squanderers to fritter away the fortune.

  11/13, 1933 Reich Conference of German Christians at the Sportpalast in Berlin.  The banner in the background states: "The German Christian reads ‘The Gospel in the Third Reich,’" a reference to the official German Christian newspaper.

12/6 More than 20,000 Germany sympathizers celebrate "German Day" in Madison Square Garden.

 Rudolf Freiherr von Sebottendorff (or von Sebottendorf) was the alias of Adam Alfred Rudolf Glauer (11/9, 1875 – 5/8, 1945?), who also occasionally used another alias, Erwin Torre.  He was an important figure in the activities of the Thule Society, a post-World War I German occultist organization that influenced many members of the NSDAP.  He was a Freemason and a practitioner of meditation, astrology, numerology, and alchemy.  In 1933 Sebottendorff returned to Munich to revive the Thule Society.  He quickly falls into disfavor with the Nazi authorities because of his claims as a precursor of National Socialism. (Roots) 

1901 Glauer initiated into Freemasonry in Anatolioa by the patriarch of a family of Greek Jews.  Old Termudi had retired to study of the Cabbala and collecting alchemical and Rosicrucian texts.  After Termudi's death Sebottendorff said he had inherited this occult library and begun his own study of the secret mystical exercises of the Baktashi dervishes. (Sebottendorff; Roots)  1910 Dec Glauer founded a lodge in Constantinople while writing a study on Baktashi dervishes. (Roots)  1916 Sept Glauer visits Hermann Pohl, leader of the mysterious Germanenorden.  Pohl tells Glauer he first became interested in the esoteric study of the runes through Guido von List, and that he is convinced racial miscegenation, especially with Jews, was responsible for obscuring the "Aryan's" knowledge of the mystical powers of the runes.  Pohl says he believes this gnosis can be revived once the race has been purified of foreign contamination. (Sebottendorff; Roots)

1918 11/9 Glauer delivers an oration to the Thule Society, stating: " Yesterday we experienced the collapse of everything which was familiar, dear and valuable to us.  In the place of our princes of Germanic blood rules our deadly enemy: Judah.  What will come of this chaos, we do not know yet. But we can guess.  A time will come of struggle, the most bitter need, a time of danger... As long as I hold the iron hammer (a reference to his Master's hammer), I am determined to pledge the Thule to this struggle.  Our Order is a Germanic Order, loyalty is also Germanic.  Our god is Walvater, his rune is the Ar-rune.  And the trinity: Wotan, Wili, We is the unity of the trinity.  The Ar-rune signifies "Aryan," primal fire, the sun and the eagle.  And the eagle is the symbol of the "Aryans."  In order to depict the eagle 's capacity for self immolation by fire, it is colored red.  From today on our new symbol is the red eagle, which warns us that we must die in order to live."  Glauer continues by exhorting the Thule members to fight "until the swastika rises victoriously out of the icy darkness" and closes his speech with a racist-theosophical poem by Philipp Stauff. (Roots)

 (After Hitler became Chancellor in1933, Glauer wrote “Before Hitler Came: The early years of the Nazi Party”.  It states: "Thule members were the people to whom Hitler first turned, and who first allied themselves with Hitler.  The armament of the coming Fuehrer consisted of--besides the Thule Society itself --the Deutscher Arbeiterverein… and the Deutsch-Sozialistche Partei, … From these three sources Hitler created the Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei." (BHK; Roots)  The Münchener Beobachter was a völkisch newspaper edited by Glauer.  In the course of 1920 it became the official Nazi organ, becoming the. (People's Observer), and remained the leading Nazi party newspaper until 1945.

 Disney’s "Three Little Pigs" (1933) showed the Big Bad Wolf dressed as a Jewish peddler.  The wolf wears a disguise comprised of a long nose, black beard, small round glasses with green lenses, a small, flat, round cap, and a long coat.  On the soundtrack is Yiddish fiddle music.  In the original version, the wolf speaks in a "Jewish" voice and accent. The second version of the cartoon substituted a vaguely eastern and perhaps "dumb jock" voice, but kept everything else.  In the 1940s, the wolf disguises himself as a "Fuller Brush Man" trying to work his way through college, but still a caricature of a Jewish peddler.  Disney eliminate the nose, beard, and original glasses, leaving the coat, the same type of glasses but now perched down on the wolf’s snout, a bowler hat, and the original music.  Airings on American television have edited this further by using the Fuller Brush Man footage and redubbing the Wolf's voice.

  The German population of the Free City of Danzig favored reincorporation into Germany.  In the early 1930s the local Nazi Party capitalized on these pro-German sentiments and in 1933 garnered 50% of vote in the parliament.

    

Every Christmas, the Nazi Party prepared neighborhood dinners, gift exchanges and celebrations.  They did this reflecting Positive Christianity knowing that there were many single individuals and poorer families.

 Wagner's operas celebrated:

                 

1.Tannhäuser 2.Fliegender Holländer 3.Rheingold 4.Meistersinger 5.Walküre 6.Siegfried 7.Tristan and Isolde 8.Lohengrin 9.Parsifal

1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

1. Poster advertising the film S.A. Mann Brand.

2. Advertising the S.A.

3. “Long live Germany!.”

4. Announcing an agricultural fair.

5. This poster links the German Labor Front (the DAF) to WW I.  Just as soldiers are comrades, all German workers were comrades in the DAF, regardless of whether they were white or blue collar.

6. Announcing the national S.A. competition.

7. The Winter Aid was the Nazi Party charity: “No one shall go hungry! No one shall be cold!”

8. 9.  10.  11.  12.  13.  

8. The Nazi charity, the NSV: “Health, child protection, fighting poverty, aiding travelers, community, helping mothers: These are the tasks of the National Socialist People’s Charity.  Become a member!”

9. For Winter Aid: “don’t give.  Sacrifice.”

10. A poster promoting the German railway system.

11. “Hitler is building.  Help him.  Buy German goods.”

12. By Mjölnir - An S.A. man stands next to a soldier: “The guarantee of German military strength!”

13. “Germans buy German goods.” and: “German Week/German Goods/German Labor.”

14.15.  16. 17.  18.  19.

14. Promoting the Nazi labor service: “We build body and soul.”

15. Encouraging women for the labor service: “A wonderful task: Reich Labor Service Women’s Leader: A job for today!”

16. To encourage radio listenership, an inexpensive radio receiver was developed: “All Germany hears the Führer on the People’s Receiver.”

17. Promoting (the NSV) charity: “Support the assistance program for mothers and children.”

18. Promoting education: “Adolf Hitler’s youth attend community schools.”

19. A tourist poster promoting the German highway system.

20.  

20. “The Reich Colonial League Calls to You Too!”(a small group)

  The Aryan-Nordic man of antiquity versus the Jewish-Asiatic man

Big Screen live-action Fairy Tales 1933-1945: (The research project of Ron Schlesinger "Little Red Riding Hood in the Third Reich. The German fairy tale film production between 1933 and 1945" was funded with a grant from the DEFA Foundation.)  Schlesinger believes these were heavily propagandized, but Goebbels had said that even children can see through that.  They were produced no different than any other nation’s films within their own culture.  Some themes were altered, such as Kings had positive attributes, ones with negative characteristics were moved to new supporting characters.  There were about 20 stories filmed from 1933 to 1945.

 “Little Red Riding Hood”(1937)  The child wears a swastika-emblazoned cloak and is saved from the Big Bad Wolf by a man wearing an SS uniform.  In "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in 1939 - the German live-action counterpart to Disney's "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (1937) - Snow White's father, is portrayed as the leader of a mighty army advancing on the "eastern" enemy.  The film's premier, in October 1939, came one month after Germany launched its attack on Poland.  "Puss in Boots"(1935): The talking cat who lives like a lord after saving his master morphs into a Hitler figure at the end of the 1935 film, and is greeted by throngs who scream, in a parody of the Nuremberg rallies, "Heil Puss in Boots! He is our savior! We will live again!"  In the Grimm story "The Wishing Table, the Golden Ass and the Cudgel in a Sack"(1938), the three tailor sons of the story threaten a farmer with the punishment of a "yellow stain" on his trousers, (it was the street slang for the yellow Star of David that the Jews wore in 1941.)  Hans Christian Andersen's "The Brave Tin Soldier", shows the agony of the loyal soldier as he is burned alive.  (Ron Schlesinger’s study.)

"Snow White and Rose Red" (1938) and "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (1939).

"Black Peter"(1936)

 "Frederick and Catherine" (1940)

 "Brave little Tailor" (1941) His "fight" was with two giants, who "threatened" the Kingdom.  In the preface of the screenplay for "The Brave Little Tailor" it said: "Fortune favors the brave world!"

  "The Frog Prince" (1940)  "Puss in Boots" (1935)(1821) by E.T.A. Hoffmann.

 "Little Muck" (1826) by Wilhelm Hauff.  

 "The Brownies”(1939(1836)) was a fairytale of August Kopisch.

 "Enchanted Princess" (1939) The film adaptation of a novel by Friedrich Hebbel, the farmer's son, Assad, who rescued the princess trapped in a ruby, Assad's father wanted his son, "but forever is the love of your people and your race. Peace be with you!"

 "Sleeping Beauty" (1936)

 "Hansel and Gretel" (1940)  "The Hare and the Hedgehog" (1940)

 "Rumpelstiltskin" (1940) -The Chancellor of the Greedy (not the king), demanded the miller's daughter to spin more straw into gold.

****More Catholic & Christians in the Reich:

1933

3/22 Negotiations between Hitler, Frick and the Center Party. Hitler promises to retain civil servants belonging to the Catholic Center Party and to protect the Catholic confessional schools and to respect the concordats signed between the Holy See and Bavaria (1924), Prussia (1929) and Baden (1931).  Hitler also agrees to mention these promises in his speech to the Reichstag before the vote on the Enabling Act. (Lewy)  3/28 The German Catholic episcopate, organized in the Fulda Bishop's Conference, withdraws its earlier prohibition against membership in the Nazi party, and admonishes the faithful to be both loyal and obedient to the new Nazi regime. (Lewy)  4/1 The Catholic Teacher Organization publishes a declaration noting with approval that Adolf Hitler and his movement have overcome the un-German spirit which triumphed in the revolution of 1918. (Lewy)  4/2 The Catholic Worker's Movement declares its readiness to cooperate in the creation of a strong national state and the building of an order at once Christian and German.

 The Kreuz und Adler (Cross and Eagle) is founded by Catholics supporters of the new Nazi state.  It was initiated by Papen, who assumed the title of Protector. It was founded after 3/28, 1933 when the Catholic Church ended its previous ban on Catholics being members of the Nazi Party.  Von Papen called for its followers to support the overcoming of liberalism and complimented the Nazi regime for being the "Christian counterrevolution to 1789", referring to the French Revolution that instituted secularization of society. Its membership largely consisted of wealthy German Catholics.  4/4 The Central Association of Catholic fraternities withdraws its ban on membership in the Nazi party.

4/26 Hitler tells Catholic Bishop Berning and Monsignor Steinmann, that he is only going to do to the Jews what the Church of Rome has been trying to do without success for over 1,500 years. (Lewy)  (Note: Hitler stated that he was personally convinced of the great power and significance of Christianity and would not permit the founding of another religion.  For this reason, he said, he had parted company with General Ludendorff, and stressed that Rosenberg's anticlerical book was no concern of his -- since it was a private publication.  Being a Catholic himself, Hitler added, he would not tolerate another Kulturkampf and the rights of the Church would be left intact. (Lewy)

5/2-3 The central board of the Association of Catholic Young men decides that "the fact of belonging to the Jungmännerverein in principle does not rule out membership in the NSDAP, including its various formations (SA, SS etc.)."  Soon the Nazi party forbids simultaneous membership in Catholic and National Socialist organizations. (Jew Roth, Katholische Jugend)

6/3 Pope Pius XI declares "Universally is known the fact that the Catholic Church is never bound to one form of government more than to another, provided the divine rights of God and of Christian conscience are safe.  She does not find any difficulty in adapting herself to various civil institutions, be they monarchic or republican, aristocratic or democratic." (Lewy)  7/2 Final agreement on the concordat is reached.  Papen reports Pius XI "had insisted on the conclusion of the Concordat because he wanted to come to an agreement with Italy and Germany as the countries which, in his opinion, represented the nucleus of the Christian world."  7/9 Public opinion generally regards the Concordat as a great diplomatic victory for Hitler, but the Papal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII, has himself worked toward this very goal since 1920 when he was first appointed Papal Nuncio in Germany. (Lewy)  7/14 The German Cabinet approves the Concordat.  Hitler stresses this in the urgent fight against the international Jews.

10/14 The bishop of the Nazi Christian Church, Ludwig Müller (Mueller), declares that Christianity started as a war against Jews.  11/13 The Storm Troopers for Jesus Christ lead a Nazi-style mass demonstration in the Berlin Sportspalast.  5/15 National Socialist priest, Wilhelm Maria Senn, hails Adolf Hitler as "the tool of God, called upon to overcome Judaism..." (Lewy) Senn writes “Katholizismus und Nationalsozialismus” in 1931.  1934 The influential Jesuit magazine Civilta Cattolica published in Rome notes "we could understand them(Nazis), or even praise them, if their policy were restricted within acceptable bounds of defense against the Jewish organizations and institutions..." (Lewy)

(I always question Jewish research which has their own strong bias, but I try to be fair.)

****More Jewish Persecution and Accomodation: The whole point was to make life for Jews miserable so that they would emigrate and not take the wealth of the Germans which they had gotten deceitfully.  There was no policy of physical harm or death.  With tight, international Jewish connections, they would never be destitute. 

1933:

 1/30 (Jewish Youth Help), the agency overseeing Youth Aliya (immigration to Palestine), is founded.

4/1 Hitler stages a nationwide, one-day boycott of Jewish businesses, physicians and lawyers.  Armed SA men are posted in front of Jewish-owned shops and stores to prevent would-be customers from entering.  In an effort to silence foreign criticism of Germany's treatment of the Jews, signs are posted in English implying that Jewish claims of persecution are false. (There are only periodic boycotts, leading to awareness for the Germans, not violence towards Jews.)

4/4 Jew Robert Weltsch publishes an article in the (Jewish Review), "Wear the Yellow Star with Pride," in reaction to the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses in Germany. (Edelheit) (Even in the US, Jews wore one with pride.)

4/7 The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service.  Thousands of Jews are barred.  Note: Jews who were frontline veterans of World War I, those in government service since 1914 and close relatives of fallen soldiers were temporarily exempted by the new law. (Lewy)  4/7 The Law Concerning Admission to the Legal Profession is published in Germany affecting Jewish judges, district attorneys and lawyers.  4/21 Germany enacts a law banning all kosher rituals and prohibiting Jewish ritual slaughter (shechita).   4/22 A law is passed dismissing all "non-Aryan" medical doctors, pharmacists, dentists and dental technicians from German hospitals, clinics and public health centers.  4/25 The Law for Preventing Overcrowding in German Schools and colleges is promulgated, limiting admittance to 1.5 percent for "non-Aryans" seeking higher education. (which was near  the ratio for Jews) 

6/16 German statistics for "believing Jews in the Reich, not including the Saar, are officially put at 499,682. (Edelheit)  7/6 A Nazi order dissolves the 42-year-old German Non-Jewish Association for Combatting Antisemitism. (Edelheit)  7/7 The Protocols of the Elders of Zion becomes an official textbook in the Berlin school system (?).  7/14 The Nazis also pass the Law on the Revocation of Naturalization and Deprivation of German Citizenship of Jews.   7/29 Germany revokes the citizenship of naturalized eastern European Jews.  8/7 Jews in Nuremberg are forbidden to use the municipal baths and swimming pools.  8/8 A Nazi decree grants (stateless) status to some 10,000 Jews of eastern European origin who had been deprived of their German citizenship.

8/11 The Supreme Representative Committee of German Jewry establishes a farm to train unemployed Jews for agricultural employment.  8/11 The Hamburg Federation of Grain Merchants, an organization with a large Jewish membership is "Aryanized."  8/30 The Union of German National Jews in a published statement blames the World Zionist Organization for German Jewry's present predicament. (Edelheit)  (It is now after World Jewry declared war on Germany!)   9/1 The German government approves the Haavara (Transfer) Agreement with the Jewish settlement in Palestine, enabling the transfer of a small percentage of Jewish capital to Palestine in the form of German goods.  9/5 The "Aryan Clause" is adopted by the old Prussian church Synod.

9/17 The State Representation of German Jews is established by order of the Gestapo.  9/30 One hundred fifty-five Jewish traders are ousted from the Berlin Stock Exchange.  10/1 A Nazi approved Jewish Cultural Society is established.  11/29 Jewish stores in Germany are warned not to display Christmas symbols.  12/18 A Nazi decree bars Jews from the field of journalism and associated professions.

1934: 1/7 Germany bars "non-Aryans" from adopting "Aryan" children.  1/12 The Gestapo permits the Zionist Federation of Germany to hold a Palestine exhibition in Berlin.  1/15 An antisemitic racial exhibition opens in Munich.  2/25 The German Association of Jewish War Veterans declares loyalty to Germany in honor of the 12,000 Jews who died fighting for Germany in WWI.  3/20 Germany lifts the ban on Jewish organizations as long as they remain uninvolved in politics.

 Friedrich Hielscher (5/31, 1902– 3/6, 1990) was a German intellectual involved in the Conservative Revolutionary movement during the Weimar Republic and in the German resistance during the Nazi era.  He was the founder of an esoteric or Neopagan movement, the (UFK, "Independent Free Church"), which he headed from 1933 until his death.  In 1943 Ernst Junger, writes in his diary: "He has now gone beyond dogma, and is mainly concerned with liturgy.  He has shown me a series of songs and festivities to celebrate the "pagan year", involving a whole system of gods, and colors and animals, food, and stones and plants.  I noticed that the "consecration of light" would take place on February 2nd."

 Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky (1/21, 1882 – Dec 1937) was a Russian Orthodox theologian, priest, philosopher, mathematician, physicist, electrical engineer, inventor and Neomartyr.  He helped found the Christian Struggle Union, with the revolutionary aim of rebuilding Russian society according to the principles of Vladimir Solovyov.  Subsequently he was arrested for membership in this society in 1906.  He also started his main philosophical work, The Pillar and Ground of the Truth: an Essay in Orthodox Theodicy in Twelve Letters. "The book is a series of twelve letters to a "brother" or "friend," who may be understood symbolically as Christ.  Central to Florensky's work is an exploration of the various meanings of Christian love, which is viewed as a combination of philia (friendship) and agape (universal love).  He describes the ancient Christian rites of the adelphopoiesis (brother-making), which joins male friends in chaste bonds of love.  After the October Revolution he formulated his position as: "I have developed my own philosophical and scientific worldview, which, though it contradicts the vulgar interpretation of communism... does not prevent me from honestly working in the service of the state."  Florensky was arrested in 1933 and shot in 1937.

 Joseph (Adam) Lortz (12/13, 1887 -2/21, 1975) was a Roman Catholic Church Reformation historian and ecumenist to promote reconciliation between Catholics and Protestants.  Lortz was involveed with Nazism from 1933 until 1937.  His (1932) (History of the Church) portrayed the church of the 1800s and the 1900s as the bastion of divine truth and moral values amid the decay of Western society.  In 1933, he published a treatise on the “Catholic Accommodation with National Socialism".  Lortz left the party in 1938.

****Ten Nazi Projects:

Banning of Vivisection - Nazi Germany was the first country to ban vivisection in the world, enacting a total ban in April 1933.  The measure to ban vivisection was a huge concern and was put forth to the Reichstag as early as 1927.  High ranking Nazis such as Hermann Goring, Heinrich Himmler and Adolf Hitler were very concerned about animal conservation, particularly pertaining as to how animals were butchered.  Most current laws in Germany, and indeed the world, are derived from the laws put forth by the Nazi Party.  Hermann Goring, who was established as the Prime Minister of Prussia, had this to say:  “An absolute and permanent ban on vivisection is not only a necessary law to protect animals and to show sympathy with their pain, but it is also a law for humanity itself…. I have therefore announced the immediate prohibition of vivisection and have made the practice a punishable offense in Prussia.  Until such time as punishment is pronounced the culprit shall be lodged in a concentration camp.” 

Animal Conservation  -  When the Nazis came to power in 1933, their concerns not only laid with the people, but with the animals native to Germany.  In 1934, a national hunting law was passed to regulate how many animals could be killed per year, and to establish proper ‘hunting seasons’.  These hunting laws have now been applied in most western countries.  This law was known as Das Reichsjagdgesetz, the Reich Hunting Law. The Reichstag also footed the bill for education on animal conservation at Primary, Secondary and College levels.  Additionally, in 1935, another law was passed, the Reichsnaturschutzgesetz (Reich Nature Protection Act).  This law placed several native species on a protection list including the wolf and Eurasian lynx.  Additions were added later as to afforestation and the humane slaughter of living fish.  Without this law it is likely some species would have completely disappeared from Germany’s forests.

Anti-Tobacco Movement - While during the 1930s and 1940s, other anti-tobacco movements failed fantastically in other countries, it was taken seriously in Nazi Germany.  The Nazis banned smoking in restaurants and public transportation systems, citing public health, and severely regulated the advertising of smoking and cigarettes, now copied in Western nations.  There was also a high tobacco tax, and the supplies of cigarettes to the Wehrmacht were rationed.  Several health organizations in Nazi Germany even began claiming that smoking heightened the risks of miscarriages by pregnant women, now a commonly known fact.  The statistics of annual cigarette consumption per capita as of 1940 had Germany at only 749, while Americans smoked over 3,000. 

Welfare Programs  Nazi Germany had one of the largest public welfare programs in history, based on the philosophy that all Germans should share a standard of living.   One of the most famous of these was the Winter Relief program, where high ranking Nazis and common citizens both took to the streets to collect charity for the unfortunate.  (This was unlike modern Western idiocy.) This was a ritual to generate general good public feeling toward those in need.  Posters urged people to donate rather than give directly to beggars.  

The Volkswagen  Literally meaning “People’s Car”, this vehicle was presented as a car that every German citizen could afford to buy.  It was based on the advice of Hitler to the designer, saying that it should resemble a beetle.  The car was a huge success (it was made available to citizens of the Third Reich through a savings scheme at 990 Reichsmark, about the price of a small motorcycle), but toward the end of the war resources were low and public availability declined.  The Volkswagen emerged more as a military vehicle toward the end of the Third Reich.  However this has not stopped it from being one of the most popular vehicles in the world, known for reliability, stylish design (though some might question that!) and ease of use.

Autobahn   While not originally conceived by the Nazis, Hitler was an enthusiastic supporter of the idea and pushed for the largest network of roads to be built across Germany.  Established as the first freeway system in the world, the autobahn was a revolutionary feat of engineering that forever changed the way humans travel.  Thousands of countries have emulated the system Hitler put in place, including America and Britain.  It is single handedly the largest network of roadways in the world, with roads stretching all across the country, even to other countries such as Austria.  The construction of this roadway wasn’t only revolutionary in itself, it provided over 100,000 workers with jobs necessary for the economic recovery efforts.  It was a goal of the Nazi party to try and bring the country into a sense of unity through the roadway system, and for the most part it was successful.  Aircraft was tested on the long, smooth, straight sections of road and Grand Prix racing teams are known to practice on them.

Modern Rocketry - Werner Von Braun, was one of many German pioneers.

Innovations in Film  - The Nazis were very interested in both film and music as essential cultural pillars. The first known magnetic tape recording was of a speech made by Hitler, and Joseph Goebbels pushed for more complicated methods of filming. For example, Leni Riefenstahl used an astounding thirty film cameras and over one hundred technicians to produce the two hour film.  Cranes and track-rail filming were used, techniques still used today to make a smooth ‘traveling’ effect.  The techniques developed at the time are seen regularly in the latest great Hollywood blockbusters.

Contributions to Fashion   The Nazi style of uniform was as bold as their style of government. Thick-soled leather boots, slouch hats, cowhide coats, and peak hats were some of the staples in Nazi fashion, as well as muted color tones often in gray, tan and black.  The SS Panzer military black forage caps and leather coats were later adopted by American rockers.  Doc Martens closely resemble the jump boots that many Schutzstaffel officers wore.  Look around at any rock, industrial or otherwise ‘edgy’ group and you see small traces of Nazi fashion sense.  The American novelist Kurt Vonnegut once described the style as ‘mildly theatrical’.   Adidas produced shoes for the Wehrmacht during the war, as well as providing American and Nazi athletes with his footwear during the Berlin Olympics.  This created national acclaim when Jesse Owens raced wearing Adidas.  Germans created Puma and Hugo Boss was a Nazi.

Medical Advances and many, many more advances.

 There was widespread support for animal welfare in Nazi Germany, and they took several measures to ensure protection of animals.  Heinrich Himmler made efforts to ban the hunting of animals. Goering was an animal lover and conservationist. The current animal welfare laws in Germany are more or less modifications of the laws introduced by the Nazis.

 Stuttgart, Germany, a sign notifying the relocation if KdF activity to another place due to the fact that Jews are being allowed to scrimmage in this sport facility. (1933-1945?)  Gentiles are asked to leave.

1934         1934         1934         1934