1938

(My original has many pictures and illustrations.  Please excuse this installment until I am able to complete it.)

1938         1938         1938         1938

 Nazi Five-Year Anniversary - Elected Power (1/30, 1933)

On 2/4, 1938, Hitler created the Inner Cabinet Council.  "To advise me in conducting the foreign policy I am setting up a secret cabinet council.” -Freiherr von Neurath, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Hermann Goering, Rudolf Hess, Dr. Joseph Goebbels, Dr. Hans-Heinrich Lammers, General Walther von Brauchitsch (Army), Grand Admiral Dr. Erich Raeder (Navy), Lt Gen Wilhelm Keitel." (Chief of Armed Forces)

Germany and the Jewish Problem (1938) by Dr. Friedrich Karl Wiebe.  Chapters: Introduction; 1. Population and the Social Structure of German Jews; 2. Jews in German Economic Life; 3. Jews and Corruption; 4. The Jews in German Political Life; 5. The Jews in the German Press; 6. Jews in German Art and Literature: Literature, Theatre, Cinema, Revue; 7. The Jewish Share in Immorality; 8. The Jewish Share in Crime

 1938 Augustan Show of Romanness Exhibition - Benito Mussolini certainly made use of Roman history in order to popularize his campaigns and his regime, and his rhetorical invocation of history centered on ancient Rome.  Romanitá emphasizes the legacy of ancient Rome and brings into the light the glories of the Roman past.  Romanitá was a powerful source of nationalism which aided a broken down people in building national pride.  The (Augustan Show of Romanness), an exhibit celebrating the 2,000th birthday of the emperor Augustus, linked the ancient Roman legacy with the Fascist past.  Mussolini came to power after a tumultuous time in Italian history, making his leadership and emphasis on Roman pride easily received by the Italian public.  Mussolini’s use of romanitá allowed Italians to see in Fascism the opportunity for a new golden age, and “Mussolini’s dictatorship was considered to be as historically necessary as Caesar’s and Augustus’ personal leadership for…a unified Italy.”

The exhibition, which opened in 1938, was divided into three sections: the social, historical and political development of the empire; architectural and engineering achievements; and religious and social life.  The show was organized by a group of scholars associated with the Istituto Nazionale di Cultura Fascista (National Institute of Fascist Culture).  Scholars under the Fascist regime portrayed Augustus as becoming the sole ruler of Rome at a time when people were eager for a peaceful, organized political system and were willing to accept an end to the republic in exchange.  Mussolini found in this version of Augustus’ rise a parallel for his own time; both leaders came to rule in what contemporary scholars called “a land impoverished, demoralized, dissonant, and torn by factious strife, weak in government, in national spirit, in foreign prestige.”  

Of all historical persons and events, Augustus was granted the most space for his achievements, and influenced the entire show. Another notable piece in the Augustan rooms was the glass pillar containing a cross inscribed with the Gospel of Luke.  The cross, which was placed directly across from a large statue of Augustus, highlighted the fact that Jesus Christ was born under Augustus’ reign.  Many scholars in Fascist Italy and elsewhere at the time were very interested in the correspondence between the birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of a new moral, glorious empire.  One scholar at the time wrote that Augustus was “not only himself a prince of peace...under [his] reign was born the great, nay the greatest prince of peace.”  The connection of this former great ruler to Jesus Christ was important because Rome was seen as the birthplace and home of Christianity.  Mussolini and the Fascist regime “portrayed Rome as the safe haven in which Christianity was harbored”.  The cross was also essential in the portrayal of Augustus – and thus Mussolini – as being divinely appointed.

 This 1938 poster promotes Hitler’s book Mein Kampf, announcing that four million copies have been sold.

Adolph Hitler is declared Time magazine’s Man of the Year for 1937 –of course as an influential leader, not necessarily benign.

1938 Otto Hintze (8/27, 1861 – 4/25, 1940) was a German historian of public administration.  Hintze ceased publishing after the Nazi Party came to power.  In 1938, Hintze resigned from the Prussian Academy of Sciences, which he had been a member of since 1914.  His wife, Hedwig Hintze (born: Hedwig Guggenheimer), who was Germany's first woman to receive a doctorate in History and the University of Berlin's (Friedrich Wilhelm University) first woman History professor, because of her Jewish roots and Leftist sympathies soon lost her position in 1939.

José María Pemán y Pemartín, KOGF (5/8, 1897- 7/19, 1981) was a Spanish journalist, poet, novelist, essayist, and right-wing intellectual.  If one examines the ways in which these references appear in Nationalist discourse during the Spanish Civil War, one finds that Jews are a discursive enemy of Francoist Spain.  José María Pemán's "Poema de la Bestia y el Ángel" (1938) is the most obvious case as in this lengthy epic poem the author not only reflects contemporary anti-Semitic discourse but also makes Spain responsible for defending Western civilization from the "Beast": "The Red and Semitic East," "The Synagogue" and “The Elder of Zion."

Jewish doctors and dentists were still participating in the German State compulsory insurance program.  Although Jews were only 1% of the population, they were still 10% of the lawyers.

1938  "Our fight against Germany must be carried to the limit of what is possible. Israel has been attacked.  Let us, therefore, defend Israel! Against the awakened Germany, we put an awakened Israel.  And the world will defend us." (Jewish author Pierre Creange in his book “Epitres aux Juifs”)

In 1938, an insider Christian Rakovsky described the situation as follows: "In Moscow there is Communism: in New York capitalism.  It is all the same as thesis and antithesis.  Analyze both.  Moscow is subjective Communism but [objectively] State capitalism.  New York: Capitalism subjective, but Communism objective.  A personal synthesis, truth: the Financial International, the Capitalist Communist one.  'They.'" (Makow)

 Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr. (9/6, 1888 – 11/18, 1969) was a prominent American businessman and political figure; the father of JFK, RFK, Ted Kennedy, naval officer Joseph P. Kennedy Jr, Special Olympics co-founder Eunice Kennedy Shriver, and former U.S. Ambassador to Ireland Jean Kennedy Smith; and Kennedy Patriarch.   He was a leading member of the Democratic Party and of the Irish Catholic community.  He was the inaugural Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), appointed by FDR, and later directed the Maritime Commission.  Kennedy served as the US Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 until late 1940, including the early part of World War II.  Born to a political family in Boston, he embarked on a career in finance, making a large fortune as a stock market and commodity investor and by investing in real estate and a wide range of industries including Scotch whisky.   Kennedy made huge profits from reorganizing and refinancing several Hollywood studios.  After Prohibition ended in 1933, Kennedy consolidated an even larger fortune.  He owned the largest office building in the country, Chicago's Merchandise Mart.  His term as Ambassador and his political ambitions ended abruptly during the Battle of Britain in November 1940, with the publishing of his controversial remarks suggesting that "Democracy is finished in England. It may be here, [in the US]."

Kennedy was (for a while) a close friend with the leading Jewish lawyer, Felix Frankfurter, who became an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in January 1939 and remained in this position until 1962.  Frankfurter helped Kennedy get his sons admitted into the London School of Economics, where they studied under Harold Laski, a leading Jewish intellectual and a prominent socialist.  While holding positive attitudes towards individual Jews, Kennedy's views of the Jews as a people were, by his own admission, overwhelmingly negative.  Kennedy habitually referred to Jews as "kikes or sheenies." "[some] individual Jews are all right, but as a race they stink.  They spoil everything they touch."  When Klemmer returned from a trip to Germany and reported the pattern of vandalism and assaults on Jews by Nazis, Kennedy responded, "Well, they brought it on themselves."  Kennedy had a close friendship with Nancy Astor. The correspondence between them is reportedly replete with anti-Semitic statements.  As Edward Renehan notes:  As fiercely anti-Communist as they were anti-Semitic, Kennedy and Astor looked upon Adolf Hitler as a welcome solution to both of these "world problems" (Nancy's phrase).... Kennedy replied that he expected the "Jew media" in the United States to become a problem, that "Jewish pundits in New York and Los Angeles" were already making noises contrived to "set a match to the fuse of the world."

 Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Jr. (7/25, 1915 – 8/12, 1944) was an American bomber pilot during World War II.  He was the eldest of nine children born to Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Sr., and Rose Elizabeth (née Fitzgerald) Kennedy.  The elder brother of future U.S. President John F. Kennedy, he had been expected to become the family's political standard-bearer, especially after his father's political exile for apparent defeatism during the advent of World War II.  However, he was killed in action, and the task fell to his brother John.

 William Randolph Hearst (4/29, 1863 – 8/14, 1951) was an American newspaper magnate and leading newspaper publisher.  Hearst entered the publishing business in 1887, after taking control of The San Francisco Examiner from his father.  Moving to New York City, he acquired The New York Journal and engaged in a bitter circulation war with Joseph Pulitzer's New York World which led to the creation of yellow journalism—sensationalized stories of dubious veracity.  Acquiring more newspapers, Hearst created a chain that numbered nearly 30 papers in major American cities at its peak.  He later expanded to magazines, creating the largest newspaper and magazine business in the world.  Kennedy urged him to help Hitler improve his image in the US.  Under Hearst’s byline he told his readers that Hitler had “restored character and courage.  Hitler gave hope and confidence.  He established order and unity of purpose.”

 Douglas Reed (1895-1976) was a British journalist, playwright, novelist and author of a number of books of political analysis.  His book “Insanity Fair” (1938) was one of the most influential in publicizing the state of Europe and the megalomania of Adolf Hitler before the Second World War. According to his obituary in The Times, Reed was a "virulent anti-Semite," although Reed himself claimed that he drew a distinction between opposition to Zionism and anti-Semitism.  Reed believed in a long-term Zionist conspiracy to impose a world government on an enslaved humanity. He was also staunchly anti-Communist, and once wrote that National Socialism was a "stooge or stalking horse" meant to further the aims of the "Communist Empire."   He also wrote “Far and Wide” and “The Controversy of Zion”.

But possibly one of the most notorious figures connected with London School of Economics is the Jew, Professor Harold Laski, who is an advocate of revolution.  He has also stated that Socialism can never be introduced in Britain until the Monarchy is removed. -Eric D. Butler – “The Int’l Jew-The Truth about ‘the Protocols of Zion’” page 74.  Eric Dudley Butler (1916 – 6/7, 2006), Australian political activist and journalist, was the founder of the Australian League of Rights.  Butler was born in the Victorian country town of Benalla, although he lived most of his life near Melbourne. In the 1930s he became a follower of the British economist C. H. Douglas and his Social Credit theories.  From 1938 Butler wrote for the Australian Social Credit newspaper New Times.

 Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (4/30, 1893 – 10/16, 1946) was Foreign Minister of Germany from 1938 until 1945.  Because Ribbentrop was a latecomer to the Nazi Party, the (Old Fighters) of the party disliked him.  Typical of this hatred for Ribbentrop was the diary entry of Joseph Goebbels: "Von Ribbentrop bought his name, he married his money, and he swindled his way into office".   Ribbentrop first came to Hitler's notice as a well-travelled businessman with more knowledge of the outside world than most senior Nazis, and apparently an authority on world affairs.  Also he made his house available for the secret meetings in January 1933 that resulted in Hitler's appointment as Chancellor.  In the run-up to the war, he played a key role in brokering the Pact of Steel (with Italy) and the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact.  But his diplomatic record is mainly one of failure.  He alienated China, to try to score points with the Japanese, who remained unimpressed.  He failed to persuade Franco to allow German troops into Spain to threaten Gibraltar.  He judged that the USA was not a serious military power.  And meanwhile he had assured Hitler that Britain and France would not stand by their guarantees to Poland, so the Fuhrer was badly wrong-footed when they duly declared war.  After 1941, Ribbentrop's influence declined, partly because he was basically pro-Russian and anti-British, while Hitler was the other way round. 

March, 1938  Poland invades sections of Lithuania

****Austria                                    Austria                      Austria                      Austria

****More on Austria:

1933 3/7 Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss assumes dictatorial powers. 3/8 Dollfuss suspends freedom of the press in Austria.  9/6 Austria deploys its army along the German border.  9/15 Chancellor Dollfuss, addressing the Austrian Fatherland Front, proposes a "Christian German state on Fascist lines," but without discrimination against Jews.  12/15 Austrians are asked by Catholic leaders to do their Christmas shopping in non-Jewish stores.

 Arthur Seyss-Inquart (7/22, 1892 – 10/16, 1946) was an Austrian National Socialist official who served as Chancellor of Austria for two days - March 11-13, 1938 - before the Anschluss that merged Austria with Nazi Germany.  During WW II, he served the Third Reich in the General Government of occupied Poland and as Reichskommissar in the Netherlands.  At the Nuremberg Trials, he was found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death.  He had joined the Nazi party in 1938.

1938 March 12 Operation Otto -- German troops enter Austria unopposed.  Hitler tells a large crowd in Linz, his old home town, that "Providence had called him out of Linz and charged him with a mission to restore his homeland to the German Reich." (Operation Otto referred to the first name of the pretender to the Austrian throne: Archduke Otto von Habsburg.)

        

(The 3^rd photo is a common one with the caption of the woman weeping in dread, but as you can see from the uncropped 4^th one, she is just full of emotion as everyone is- so very happy.)

March 12/13, 1938 - Germany announces 'Anschluss' (union) with Austria and it was non-violent.  Hitler faced opposition from some of his generals over this act.  There were transportation difficulties with breakdowns.  The Germans were not militarily prepared for battle.  The vast majority of Austrians rejoice at this union.  After Italy had joined Germany in the Anti-Comintern Pact, quickly removing the main obstacle of an Anschluss of Austria, it became the province "Gau Ostmark" of what was now Greater Germany.  All the wonderful programs which Nazism had given to Germany were given to Austria and they were estactic.  “The future belongs to National Socialism since, like Christianity itself, it is founded on love, and reconciliation between high and low, rich and poor.”

In the years before the March 1938 Anschluss, Austria was ruled by the Dollfuss-Schuschnigg regime, a repressive one-party dictatorship that called itself a "Christian Corporative" state.  It imprisoned National Socialists, Marxists and other dissidents.  But there was one important section of Austria's population that supported the dictatorial regime.  That was the Jewish community, which made up 2.8 percent of the total.  As Prof. Bukey writes: "The Jewish community regarded the Dollfuss-Schuschnigg regime as its protector ... Under the Dollfuss-Schuschnigg regime the Jewish community recovered a measure of governmental protection it had not enjoyed since the days of the Habsburgs.  The public was outraged."

In spite of their small numbers, Austria's Jews wielded vast and disproportionate wealth and power.  As Prof. Bukey writes: "The predominant position of the Jews in an impoverished country only intensified the fear and loathing of the Austrians masses. As we have already seen, Jewish businesses and financial institutions managed much of the country's economic life.  At the time of the Anschluss three-quarters of Vienna's newspapers, banks and textile firms were in Jewish hands ... The extraordinary success of the Jews in the learned professions also inspired jealously and spite.  Over 50 percent of Austria's attorneys, physicians and dentists were Jewish. "

On the eve of the Anschluss, Austria's economy was in a catastrophic condition, and nearly one-third of Austrians were out of work.  But people also knew that, just across the border in the German Reich, unemployment had been eliminated, living standards and working conditions had greatly improved, and economic, social and cultural life was flourishing.

Even Hitler, who was himself a native of Austria, did not realize just how eagerly Austrians looked forward to the union of their homeland with the Reich. Commenting on his entry into his Austria in March 1938, Prof. Bukey writes: "What he [Hitler] did not take into account was the tumultuous welcome he would receive from the Austrian people, an outburst of frenzied acclimation seldom seen the days of the Caesars."

Virtually the only people in Austria who did not join in the general outpouring of joy was a small minority of Jews, Marxists and monarchists.  Hitler ordered a free and secret national referendum on this great issue.  As Prof Bukey notes:"Hitler sincerely believed that `all state power must emanate from the people and [be] confirmed in free state elections'."

In the run-up to the referendum, Austria's Roman Catholic and Protestant leadership, along with the country's labor leaders, issued statements welcoming the incorporation of their country into Hitler's Germany.  The Catholic primate of Austria, Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, personally welcomed Hitler to Vienna.  Together with the country's other Bishops, Cardinal Innitzer issued a pastoral letter urging the faithful to vote for Hitler.  The Catholic leaders also authorized the draping of swastika banners from the country's churches.  In Austria, well as in the rest of the German Reich, approval of the Anschluss -- as reflected in the plebiscite -- was nearly unanimous.  Even foreign observers acknowledged that the lopsided, 99 percent "Yes" vote reflected popular sentiment.

Following Austria's incorporation into the Reich, conditions improved dramatically.  As Prof. Bukey writes: "In one of the most remarkable economic achievements in modern history, the National Socialists reduced the number of unemployed in Austria from 401,000 in January 1938 to 99,865 in September; in Vienna from 183,271 to 74,162 ... By Christmas [1938] 27 percent more jobs existed in Austria than before the Anschluss." In 1940 the unemployment rate fell to just 1.2 percent.

Between June and December 1938 -- that is, in just seven months -- the weekly income of industrial workers rose nine percent. "All in all," writes Prof. Bukey, "the Austrian GNP rose 12.8 percent in 1938, and 13.3 percent in 1939."  Seldom in history has a country experienced such rapid, dramatic economic growth.

Shortly after the Anschluss, Germany's National Labor Law and the Reich's comprehensive social security system were introduced in Austria.  These guaranteed basic rights at the workplace, afforded protection from arbitrary dismissal, quickly provided relief to more then 200,000 desperately poor people, and extended health care benefits to the working class.  A large-scale construction program was launched to provide affordable housing.  Cultural life was greatly encouraged, with energetic promotion of music, the fine arts and literature. Together with the increase in prosperity and optimism came a jump in the birthrate.

Economic growth continued even after the outbreak of war in September 1939, in spite of a shortage of labor and other difficulties.  In 1941, Austria's GNP increased by 7.2 percent. "By 1941," writes Prof. Bukey, "wartime mobilization was bringing palpable improvement in the material conditions of everyday life to many Austrians."

In November 1941, Austria's bishops issued a pastoral letter, which was read in all churches, that reiterated support for the war against Soviet Russia.  In it the Catholic leaders solemnly declared that Germany was conducting a crusade against a monstrous "threat to Western civilization."  Rather than "keep silent," the bishops went on, Catholics should "recognize the danger for all Europe should Bolshevism prevail."

Court Historian William L. Shirer, is typical in his dishonesty for example, in his best-selling book, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, refers to the 1938 union as the "Rape of Austria."

As for the assassination of Dolfuss, it must also be said that the latter had himself used quite violent methods against the Austrian Nazis.  In regard to the Anschluss, it’s generally forgotten that the constitution of the Austrian republic itself demanded union with the German Reich.

The Austrian population voted with a 99.38% approval!  Upon completion of The Anschluss, not only did Adolf Hitler pay homage to the grave of his parents, but he also paid respect to the son of Napoleon Bonaparte.  Napoleon II had been buried in Austria.  Recognizing the historical injustice and inhumanity of that fact, Hitler personally ordered that the son’s remains be returned to France where he was re-interred at Les Invalides in Paris.

“I did not see a Jew in Austria physically mistreated after Hitler's entry into the country, and if any was mauled it was against Nazi instructions."- Karl Hochmann, Viennese Jew

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 ”One People, One Reich, One Führer.”

  To celebrate the bloodless Anschluss.

 The Viennese picture paper, "Kikeriki", depicts the Jew as a world-devouring vampire.

“Escape of Sigmund Freud” by Jew David Cohen (2009, 3/29, 2012) A month after the Nazis took over Austria on 3/12, 1938, every business owned by Jews had a Nazi appointed to run it.  For eighty-two- year-old Sigmund Freud, the world's leading psychoanalyst, the appointed "commissar" was a thirty-five-year-old chemist, Anton Sauerwald.  Goebbels and Himmler wanted all psychoanalysts, especially Freud, humiliated and, later, killed (false), and Sauerwald was in a position to seal Freud's fate.  The Escape of Sigmund Freud tells of the Nazi raid on Freud's house produced evidence that would have prevented the Freuds from leaving (false) Austria--yet Sauerwald chose to hide this from his superiors.  In twists of Freudian complexity, Sauerwald was put on trial after war accused of plundering the Freud family wealth — only to be saved after the intervention of one of Freud’s daughters.  Cohen is a writer, filmmaker, and psychologist.  His books include Psychologists on Psychology and biographies of the therapist Carl Rogers and of John B. Watson, the founder of behaviorism. His films include When Holly Went Missing and The Pleasure Principle.  He lives in London.

Othmar Spann (October 1, 1878- July 8, 1950) was a conservative Austrian philosopher, sociologist and economist whose radical anti-liberal and anti-Communist views, based on early 19th century Romantic ideas expressed by Adam Müller et al. and popularized in his books and lecture courses.    He was a major figure in the “conservative revolution” that fired the imagination of many Central European intellectuals after World War I and he became a major spokesman for the “war generation”—young men with  roughhewn idealism.   Repeatedly, Spann tried to draw the ruling powers' attention to his authoritarian theory of a corporate state which, as he saw it, could, and should, be introduced immediately for the benefit of all.  Although to a large degree in tune with the zeitgeist, he repeatedly met with disapproval until, in 1938, right after the Anschluss, he was briefly imprisoned by the Nazis and eventually barred from his professorship at the University of Vienna.

March 18, 1938    Purim, the Jewish holiday of Revenge against Gentiles.  Jews throughout the world label specific enemies as Haman and Christianity in general as Haman.  Other episodes of revenge throughout the year could still be connected to the spirit of Purim.
 Beis Yaakov religious school for girls dressed in costumes to celebrate the holiday of Purim. Kolbuszowa, Poland, March 1938.

1.2.  3.  4.  5.  6.

1. This poster urged a “Yes” vote on one of the four referendums Hitler called during the 1930’s. This is possibly for the April 1938 referendum.

2. A referendum poster: “Führer, we will follow you.”

3. “Yes on 10 April.”

4. “Greater Germany: Yes on 10 April.”

5. “Germany is free!”

Rockefeller is still sending shipments of fuel additives to Germany’s Luftwaffe.

May 7, 1938 Britain & France issue joint warning to Czechoslovakia that she must not discriminate against the Sudenten Germans.  Czech had been formed by Versailles Treaty.

 Martin Dies, Jr. (11/5, 1900 – 11/14, 1972) was a Texas politician and a Democratic member of the US House of Representatives.  His father, Martin Dies, was also a member of the US House of Representatives.  Dies wrote his own book, “The Trojan Horse in America” with a larger focus on communism.

****The Dies Committee- In May 1938, the House Committee on Un-American Activities was established as a special investigating committee. It was chaired by Martin Dies Jr.  Its work was aimed mostly at German American involvement in Nazi and Ku Klux Klan activity.  As to investigations into the activities of the Klan, the committee actually did little. When the committee's chief counsel Ernest Adamson announced that "The committee has decided that it lacks sufficient data on which to base a probe," committee member John E. Rankin added: "After all, the KKK is an old American institution."  Instead of the Klan, HUAC concentrated on investigating the possibility that the American Communist Party had infiltrated the Works Progress Administration, including the Federal Theatre Project and the Federal Writers' Project.  The Dies Committee also carried out a brief investigation into the wartime internment of Japanese Americans living on the West Coast.  The investigation primarily concerned security at the camps, youth gangs allegedly operating in the camps, food supply questions, and releases of internees.  With the exception of Rep. Herman Eberharter, the members of the committee seemed to support internment. In 1939, the committee investigated leaders of the American Youth Congress, a Comintern affiliate organization.   Ironically, congressman Samuel Dickstein (Jew), vice-chairman of the respective committees, was himself named in Soviet NKVD documents as a Soviet agent.

"The forces of reaction are being mobilized.  A combination of England, France and  Russia will sooner or later bar the triumphal march of the crazed Fuhrer.  Either by accident or design, a Jews has come into the position of the foremost importance in each of these nations.  In the hands of nonAryans, lie the very lives of millions...and when the smoke of battle clears,  and the trumpets blare no more, and the bullets cease to blast!  Then will be presented a tableau  showing the man who played. God, the swastika Christus, being lowered none too gently into  a hole in the ground, as a trio of nonAryans, in tone a ramified requiem, that sounds suspiciously like a medley of Marseillaise, God Save the King, and the international; blending  in the grand finale, into a militant, proud arrangement of Eile! Elie!  [This is the traditional  Jewish cry of triumph]. (The American Hebrew, New York City, June 3, 1938).

Wilhelm König was a German archaeologist.  A painter by profession, König was also interested in natural science.  In 1931 he was elected assistant to the German leader of the Baghdad Antiquity Administration as head of the laboratory.  In 1938 he made the first thorough examination of a curious clay jar in the National Museum of Iraq (of which he was the director), now known as the Baghdad Battery.  In 1940, having returned to Berlin due to illness, he published a paper speculating that they may have been galvanic cells, perhaps used for electroplating gold onto silver objects. In the museum König also discovered copper utensils from ancient Sumer, which were electroplated with silver.

Klara Hitler was a pious Catholic mother who raised Hitler according to her beliefs.  Hitler felt grief-stricken over his mother's death.  She was buried alongside her husband in Linz, Austria.  German soldiers here pay their respects to the grave in 1938.  Note the Christian cross on her monument.

 June Grand Prix of Germany

July 1938            July 1938

Summer Horse Racing: Blue Ribbon, Brown Ribbon, Vienna and about 20 others.

 Brown Ribbon Horse Race

July 8, 1938 Another example of Jewish historians: They say that the main synagogue in Munich is demolished on Hitler's orders. In 1933, about 9,000 Jews lived in Munich, approximately 1.2% of the city’s total population.  Earlier, in 1920, the head of the Bavarian government sought to deport the Jews from the state, yet in the end was unsuccessful.  In 1923 an order was promulgated to deport 180 Jewish families of Eastern European descent.  On the Jewish holiday of Sukkot 1923, the windows of the Great Synagogue were vandalized, and Jews in a different synagogue were beaten by a mob.  It was also vandalized in 1927 and many other times.  The main synagogue was destroyed, YET on Kristallnacht in November it was vandalized.  How can it be both?

July 8 Alfred Rosenberg proposes a plan for establishing a reservation for 15 million Jews on the island of Madagascar.  11/13 Nazi officials seriously consider the Madagascar Plan for the first time.

July 6-13, 1938 -The Évian Conference was convened by Roosevelt to discuss Jewish refugees.  Representatives from 31 nations met at Évian-les-Bains, France.  Twenty-four voluntary organizations also attended, as observers, many of whom presented plans orally and in writing.  Hitler responded to the news of the conference by saying essentially that if the other nations would agree to take the Jews, he would help them leave.  “I can only hope and expect that the other world, which has such deep sympathy for these criminals [Jews], will at least be generous enough to convert this sympathy into practical aid.  We, on our part, are ready to put all these criminals at the disposal of these countries, for all I care, even on luxury ships.”  Ultimately the conference was a failure for the Jews with both the US and Britain refusing to take in substantial numbers of Jews.  Most of the nations at the conference followed suit.  31 nations did not want the Jews!  The Jewish Agency delegation headed by Golda Meir (Meirson) ignored a German offer to allow Jews to emigrate to other countries for $250 a head, and the Zionists made no effort to influence the United States and the 32 other countries attending the conference to allow immigration of German and Austrian Jews.  It soon becomes clear that more and more countries, including the U.S., want to restrict the number of Jewish refugees allowed to immigrate to their nations.  The Australian delegation declares, "since we have no racial problem, we are not desirous of importing one."

Zionists deliberately sacrificed Jewish lives to build a tougher breed of Israelis -THE EVIAN CONFERENCE DEBACLE. -The New York Times and certainly no adversary of Soviet Russia, who wrote (Oct. 10, 1938) that Stalin, as of that moment, had shot or otherwise killed far more Jews than Hitler, though they had obviously not been identified as such, but as "wreckers," "saboteurs," "counterrevolutionaries," "enemies of the state," and other standard Bolshevik pejoratives.

The Manifesto of Race was a set of laws enacted in Fascist Italy during July 1938.  The laws stripped the Jews of Italian citizenship and with it any position in the government or professions which many previously held.  In the sixteen years of Benito Mussolini's dictatorship prior to this, there had not been any race laws; Mussolini had held the view that a small contingent of Italian Jews had lived in Italy "since the days of the Kings of Rome" and should "remain undisturbed".  The Manifesto of Race declared the Italians to be descendants of the Aryan race.  Marriages between Italians and Jews were abolished, Jews were banned from positions in banking, government, and education, and their properties were confiscated.  These laws also targeted African races.

 Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (10/24, 1891 – 5/30, 1961) ruled the Dominican Republic from 1930 until his assassination in 1961.  His rule was a classic personality cult with abundant monuments to Trujillo.  It has been estimated that Trujillo's rule was responsible for the death of more than 50,000 people, including 20,000 to 30,000 in the infamous Parsley Massacre.  In 1938, when no other nation would welcome Jewish refugees, Rafael Trujillo, the Dominican Republic strongman, offered to take in 100,000.  Between 1940 and 1945, 5,000 Dominican visas were issued, but only 645 Jews actually made their way to the Dominican Republic.  Upon arrival, every new Jewish settler was given 80 acres of land, 10 cows, a mule and a horse.  Trujillo's generosity probably stemmed mainly from his eagerness to have the Western nations overlook his brutal massacre of 25,000 Haitians in 1937, and his desire to "whiten" his race.

 Aug Eichmann in charge of Jewish Emigration.  Otto Adolf Eichmann (3/19, 1906 – 5/31, 1962), was a German Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannführer (equivalent to Lieutenant Colonel).  Because of his organizational talents and ideological reliability, he was charged by Obergruppenführer (General) Reinhard Heydrich with the task of facilitating and managing the logistics of mass deportation of Jews to ghettos, labor camps and then facilitate their emigration.  As often before in European history, this was a form of Expulsion. 

After the war, he fled to Argentina using a laissez-passer issued by the International Red Cross and lived there under a false identity working for Mercedes-Benz until 1960.  He was captured by Israeli Mossad operatives in Argentina, kidnapped illegally, and tried in an Israeli court on 15 criminal charges, including crimes against humanity and war crimes (hoaxes).  He was convicted and executed by hanging in 1962, and is the only man to have been legally and judicially executed in Israel to date.  He may have been full Jew. 

Eichmann knew Hebrew, was familiar with Judaic practices, and aided the Transfer of Jews to Palestine.  The Jewish millionaire Kastner was a friend and witness to his help.  At his trial, his argument was rejected, and he was informed that he would be put to death.  At that point he announced that he [was willing] to convert to Judaism, and even to announce this to the media and to confess to what had happened during Hitler's era.  (This was a last plea to save his skin.) 

"Eichmann stood before the cameras in a military posture and said: '...The fact that cuts me to the heart is that I helped to save you [Jews] from Hitler's crematoria and dealt with you humanely, while you dogs showed me the greatest villainy.  The soil of Palestine is not your heritage or your land.  You are no more than a gang of terrorists, murderers, and suckers of the blood of the nations.  Nothing suits you better than to burn in Hitler's crematoria, so that the Earth will be liberated from your wickedness and your corruption, and so that the Universe will be blessed in being purged of your abominations. The day will come when an Arab Hitler will rise up against you who will utterly exterminate you and burn you in the oil[-fueled] crematoria, you dogs.  [In fact,] it hurts me to compare you to dogs, since dogs are loyal, while you are not.  But your conduct is characterized by bestiality and the impurity of dogs.  [Continue] your crimes in Palestine as you please, until the day when you [are forced to] flee.  Then your screams will rise to high heaven, and you will taste the flavor of final surrender which you don't believe awaits you.  Then the fate of wandering dogs will be better than your fate.'- written by journalist Dr. 'Issam 'Abd Al-Latif Al-Fulaij in 2010.

Is Germany fighting to keep the Eichmann files sealed in order to keep the secret of Zionist collaboration and the planned emigration of the Jews from German and allies occupied territory?

“Father of Lies” by Warren Weston 1938 The Star of David is from Cabalistic Magick , which is phallicism.  Life force is generated by the sexual forces, the union of male and female elements.  As represented by the two opposing equilateral triangles:  *The triangle with the broad base up is the male principle (spirit of fire - red) Jehovah White and positive.; *The triangle with the broad base down is the female principle (spirit of water - blue) Jehovah Black and negative.; *The symbolic representation of which is sexual union.

“I Know These Dictators” (1938) by George Ward Price (1886-?)  This is a good book which called for more understanding of Hitler who he claimed had a 'human, pleasant personality... Fondness for children and dogs is regarded by many as evidence of good nature.  This is a strong trait in Hitler's character.'  Major correspondent of the Daily Mail.  His last paragraph is “It is not by sham of humbug, but by solid benefits bestowed, that Hitler and Mussolini have earned the fervent devotion of their peoples.  Criticism of the Dictators and their works leads nowhere, but unprejudiced study of the energy and patriotism with which that have inspired their fellow-country-men may provide valuable lessons for every nation in the world.”

 Neturei Karta ("Guardians of the City") is a Jewish group formally created in Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine, in 1938, splitting off from Agudas Yisrael.  Neturei Karta opposes Zionism and calls for a peaceful dismantling of the State of Israel, in the belief that Jews are forbidden to have their own state until the coming of the Messiah.  It is this role that Neturei Karta see themselves as fulfilling by defending what they believe is "the position of the Torah and authentic unadulterated Judaism."  They live as a part of larger Chareidi (Haredi) communities around the globe.  The Jewish Virtual Library puts their numbers at 5,000 in Jerusalem.  (recent photo)

Aug 12, 1938 - German military mobilizes.  >>[Germany did not revamp its economy through militarization.  At this point, Germany’s military is far smaller per capita than even one country like France, let alone all nations that eventually joined the anti-German Coalition.  Only as the Allies begin the War does Germany become the most efficient wartime manufacturing nation.]<<

**The present attitude of the Roman Catholic Church toward the Jew, as well as that of Mussolini, is of much interest for the latter has revived the age old disabilities of the Church against the Jews.  All Jewish literature is forbidden and no book by a foreign Jew can be translated into Italian.  No play by a foreign Jew can be produced. No Jew is allowed to broadcast over the radio.  Jewish professors are barred from Italian universities and textbooks of 114 Jewish writers have been withdrawn from the schools.  Jews have been expelled from all administrative posts.  Marriage is again illegal between Jews and Christians. 

The Vatican's semiofficial organ, L'Osservatore Romano, of August 13, 1938, in an article headed "The Jews and the Vatican Council" (1870) speaks of the Catholic Church's PROTECTIVE measures for Jews, and then goes on to say:  "But—in order to set things straight—by this it was not intended that Jews should be allowed to abuse the hospitality of Christian countries.  Along with these protective ordinances, there existed restrictive and precautionary decrees with regard to them.  The civil power was in accord with the Church in this, since, as Delassus says, 'they both had the same interest in preventing the nations from being invaded by the Jewish element and thereby losing control of society.'  But if Christians were forbidden to force Jews to embrace the Catholic religion, to disturb their synagogues, their Sabbath and their festivals, the Jews, on the other hand, were forbidden to hold public office, civil or military; and this prohibition extended even to the children of converted Jews.  The precautionary decrees concerned the professions, education, and business positions."

 Carl Jacob Burckhardt (9/10, 1891 – 3/3, 1974) was a Swiss diplomat and historian. His career alternated between periods of academic historical research and diplomatic postings; the most prominent of the latter were League of Nations High Commissioner for the Free City of Danzig (1937–39) and President of the International Committee of the Red Cross (1945–48).  Report of Carl J. Burkhardt of a conversation on 8/15, 1938 with the Polish foreign minister Beck: “The Poles are waiting in apparent calm. Beck, during our nocturnal journey, made me privy to his plans to some extent.  Furthermore, he is playing his double-game.  It is no German game, as many French and the Polish opposition believe.  It is a game in which the greatest profit is hoped for Poland, a profit which is supposed to come out of a final and unavoidable German catastrophe. For this reason, the Germans are being encouraged in their wrong actions, and in Danzig they are enjoying letting the extremists triumph while at the same time they repeatedly stress adherence to the outer form of the treaties.  One day there will be a reckoning, interest and compound interest will be demanded.  Already now, by collaborating in this way with the National Socialists, they have succeeded in creating a solidarity of aversion toward any revision of the treaties in the whole West, in France, England and America. [...] That was entirely different in 1932.   At that time Western opinion in the great democracies for the most part supported the German minorities.  People got excited over badly drawn borders, over isolated provinces.   Thanks to the excessive methods of Nazism, all of that has ended, and now in Warsaw they are hoping not only for the unconditional integration of Danzig into the Polish state territory, but for much more, for all of East Prussia, for Silesia, even for Pomerania.  In the year 1933 they still spoke in Warsaw of Polish Pomerania, but now they say ‘our Pomerania.’  Beck makes a purely Polish policy, ultimately an anti-German policy, a policy of only a seeming Polish-German détente, since the occupation of the Rhineland and the French passivity at the occasion of this event.  But they are making efforts to encourage the Germans quite methodically in their errors.”

Sept 1938  Poland invades Teschen Province in Czechhoslovakia

****Czechoslovakia                    Czechoslovakia                  Czechoslovakia

 Edvard Beneš (5/28, 1884 – 9/3, 1948) was Minister of Foreign Affairs and the second President of Czechoslovakia.  During World War I, Beneš was one of the leading organizers of an independent Czechoslovakia abroad.  He organized a Czech pro-independence anti-Austrian secret resistance movement called "Maffia".  Beneš was a member of the Czechoslovak ‘National Socialist’ Party (until 1925 called Czechoslovak Socialist Party) and a strong Czechoslovakist - he did not consider Slovaks and Czechs to be separate ethnicities.  Beneš was also on friendly terms with Stalin.  In 1943, during exile in London, he signed the entente between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union.  On June 19, 1946 Beneš was formally elected to his second term as President to a Communist Government.  The Beneš decrees (officially called "Decrees of the President of the Republic"), among other things, expropriated citizens of German and Hungarian ethnicity, and paved the way for the eventual expulsion of the majority of (~3.3 million) Germans to West and East Germany and Austria.  The decrees are still in force to this day and remain controversial, with the expellees demanding their repeal.

Czechoslovakia was a manufactured country after Versailles.  The Sudentenland had always been part of Germany.  At 23.36% of the population, there were more Germans than even Slovaks in Czechoslovakia, but Germans were more than half of those unemployed during the economic crisis of the 1930.  Government policies were supposedly designed to serve the Czech nation within this multinational state.  Prague allowed few ethnic Germans into the civil service and gradually scaled back minority rights.  To the Sudetens, it was not simply the government that discriminated against its minorities, but the Czech nation. Sudetens were allegedly forced to safeguard their community from the confiscation of German land, the closure of German schools, the compulsion to speak Czech, and the resettlement of their lands by Czech farmers.  In doing so, they transferred their national consciousness from Czechoslovakia to their Sudeten homeland (Heimat).  The government—indeed Czechoslovakia—became a “foreign” oppressor.  It is under this context that we must interpret Czech rule as the “occupation” of the Sudetenland.

****Sep 12, 1938 Hitler demands German Sudetenland.  Sep 19 Britain & France pressure Czechoslovakia to cede territory which had been taken from Germany at Versailles.  Both know that it is traditional German land.  Sep 21 Czechoslovakia accepts cessation and continues with its own sovereignty.

Hitler faced opposition from some of his generals over Czechoslovakia which had an army of a million and a half men and strong defenses.  The Germans were not militarily prepared for battle.  Germany never planned to invade Czechoslovakia.  German Generals said that the fortifications were too great and Czechoslovakian military too imposing and an invasion was impossible.  (See Czechoslovakia Gold and Guns below.)

 Czechoslovakia Agreement (So-called Appeasement) -Sept 30 - Benito Mussolini brought the European powers to negotiation.  British Prime Minister Chamberlain appeases Hitler at Munich.  Czechoslovakia had been created at the Versailles Treaty.  Czechoslovakia had a large and modern army backed with a huge armament industry, and had military alliances with France and the USSR.  It also had informal links with the United Kingdom, largely due to the United Kingdom being militarily allied with France.  Despite this, Hitler, encouraged by reluctance of major European powers to stop his violation of post WWI treaties, was prepared to risk war.  He was convinced that France would shrink back again, not fulfilling her treaty obligations to Czechoslovakia.  His first order was to seize Sudetenland, based on the right of self-determination for an unification with Germany.  This region formed about 1/3 of Bohemia (western Czechoslovakia) in terms of territory, population and economy, and was claimed to be vital for Czechoslovakia's existence.  With Austria in German hands, this part of Czechoslovakia, equipped with a defense system that was larger than the Maginot line (see Czechoslovak border fortifications), was nearly surrounded by Germany.

Following lengthy negotiations and blatant war threats from Hitler, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain with French leaders tried to appease Hitler.  In the Munich Agreement of September 30, 1938, the major European powers allowed German troops to occupy the Sudetenland, for the sake of "peace in our time”.  Czechoslovakia had already mobilized over one million men and was prepared to fight for independence, but was not allowed to participate in the conference.  When the French and British negotiators informed the Czechoslovak representatives about the agreement, and that if Czechoslovakia would not accept it, France and Britain would consider Czechoslovakia to be responsible for war, President Edvard Beneš capitulated.  German forces entered the Sudetenland unopposed, celebrated by the local ethnic German population.  Soon after, Polish and Hungarian forces also invaded parts of Czechoslovakia.  Poland annexed the Zaolzie area.

Peace-loving Hitler saw Neville Chamberlain five times (At Berchtesgaden, Sept. 15, 1938; at Godesberg, Sept. 22 and 23; at Munich, Sept. 29 and 30), a most extraordinary thing to do, if he were bent upon war.  He was under no obligation to see the British Prime Minister, and yet together they signed a document to discuss other difficulties that might arise.  Hitler made no promise to forego his intentions of bringing back the German minorities that had been wrested from the Reich under the treaties of 1919-20.  The Danzig problem could not be dropped by him, and no one knew that better than Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill.

 Sudenten Germans had been craving for unity with Germany since 1848.  All the wonderful programs of Nazism were given to the People here.

 commemorates the annexation of the Sudetenland

Czechoslovakia Gold and Guns:

Under the direction of the First Republic's controversial first Finance Minister, Dr Alois Rašín, the initial reserves had been accumulated through national collections between 1919 and 1924.  A combination of industrial inheritances from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, stable securities and a buoyant arms trade meant that she weathered the economic crisis of the early 1930s better than most.  By 1926 the Bank held some 40 tons of gold, and by September 1938, held 94 tons. 

The parting of Czechoslovakia's gold reserves began as part of the Munich Agreement of September 1938, through which Czechoslovakia was required to provide 14.5 tons of monetary gold as cover for the currency circulating in the, so called, "Sudeten" areas.  The second "Financial Munich" was in March 1939 when 23 tons of gold given to England for safe-keeping  was given to Germany. 

In 1935, Czechoslovakia had been the largest arms manufacturer and exporter in the world.  The production of tanks, light arms and other weaponry at the massive Škoda works in Plzeň and the Brno arms factory dwarfed British production.  It now seems increasingly plausible that this was what Adolf Hitler was after in March 1939.  When German forces later invaded Poland, France and Russia, they often did so riding Czech made tanks, carrying Czech weapons and firing Czech made ammunition. 

The fact that the gold was transferred was because it was genuinely felt that there was no way for Britain to block a BIS transfer.  After all, it was a non-political body designed specifically to avoid national interference, an argument that was later begrudgingly accepted by the Czechoslovak Government in exile. Britain did move swiftly to preserve other Czecho-Slovak assets in the UK.  Several million pounds worth of accounts and assets were immediately frozen and eventually made available to the Czech and Slovak exiles in the UK during the war.  Of that, some seven million were signed back over to Britain, on 25 October 1940, at a time when this country was, to all intents and purposes, bankrupt.  In turn, the British helped finance the exile government's activities and the Czechoslovak Independent Brigade and Airforce. 

In all, Germany took 45 tons of gold from Czechoslovakia during the War, but its return was delayed due to the Cold War until 1982. (The Czech Republic no longer retains any gold reserves.  Its Bank now cashed in the last of its reserves for Eurobonds in March 2000).

Czechoslovakia manufactured most of European armaments and Germany gained access to this for its military.  Many of its campaigns in Poland, France, and Russia were fought with Czechoslovakian arms.

 “The future belongs to National Socialism since, like Christianity itself, it is founded on love, and reconciliation between high and low, rich and poor.”

 James Ramsay MacDonald (10/12, 1866 – 11/9, 1937) was a British politician who was the first ever Labour Prime Minister, leading a minority government for two terms.   In 1931, he formed a National Government in which only two of his Labour colleagues agreed to serve and the majority of whose MPs were from the Conservatives.  As a result, MacDonald was expelled from the Labour Party, which accused him of "betrayal".   MacDonald remained Prime Minister of the National Government from 1931 to 1935.  His pacifism, which had been widely admired in the 1920s, led Winston Churchill and others to accuse him of failure to stand up to the threat of Adolf Hitler.

 Stanley Baldwin (8/3, 1867 – 12/14, 1947) was a British Conservative politician, three times Prime Minister, he is the only one to serve under three different monarchs (George V, Edward VIII and George VI).  In May 1923, Baldwin became Prime Minister.  From 1931 to 1935, MacDonald was Prime Minister. In 1935, Baldwin replaced MacDonald as Prime Minister.  Baldwin retired in 1937 and was succeeded by Neville Chamberlain.  At that time he was regarded as a popular and successful prime minister, but for the final decade of his life, and for many years afterwards, he was vilified for having tried to appease Adolf Hitler.  Baldwin supported the Munich Agreement and said to Chamberlain on 9/26, 1938: "If you can secure peace, you may be cursed by a lot of hotheads but my word you will be blessed in Europe and by future generations".  Two weeks after Munich, Baldwin said in a conversation: "Can't we turn Hitler East?  Napoleon broke himself against the Russians.  Hitler might do the same".      Baldwin was sympathetic to the fascists in the Spanish Civil War in 1936 – he persuaded 27 countries to sign a Non-Intervention Pact (and then stood by and watched as Hitler and Mussolini ignored it and sent military support to Franco).  “Like you, I acknowledge Hitler’s great achievements since taking over that troubled country. The German people obviously love him.  Yes, Herr Hitler is a remarkable man.”; “I strive not to throw Europe into this criminal adventure. But the States, even the British Crown, are not the masters of their destiny.  Powers that elude us are promoting in Great Britain, as in other countries, special interests and an aberrant idealism.”

 Arthur Neville Chamberlain (3/18, 1869 – 11/9, 1940) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940.  Chamberlain is best known for his appeasement foreign policy, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany.  After Britain declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, Chamberlain led Britain through the first eight months of the Second World War.  His actions at Munich were widely popular among Britons in 1938, but Chamberlain pledged Britain to defend Poland's independence if the latter were attacked, an alliance that brought Britain into war when Germany defensively attacked Poland in 1939.  He was an important member of Churchill's War Cabinet.

A few days before his death, Neville Chamberlain wrote, “So far as my personal reputation is concerned, I am not in the least disturbed about it.  The letters which I am still receiving in such vast quantities so unanimously dwell on the same point, namely without Munich the war would have been lost and the Empire destroyed in 1938 ... I do not feel the opposite view ... has a chance of survival.  Even if nothing further were to be published giving the true inside story of the past two years, I should not fear the historian's verdict.”  Chamberlain's reputation was devastated by attacks from the left.  In 1948, with the publication of The Gathering Storm, the first volume of Churchill's six-volume set, The Second World War, Chamberlain sustained an even more serious assault from the right.  Conservative MP Iain Macleod's 1961 biography of Chamberlain was the first major biography of a revisionist school of thought on Chamberlain.  The same year, A.J.P. Taylor, in his The Origins of the Second World War, found that Chamberlain had adequately rearmed Britain for defense and described Munich as "a triumph for all that was best and most enlightened in British life  ... [and] for those who had courageously denounced the harshness and short-sightedness of Versailles".

“Why England Slept” is the magna cum laude thesis written by John F. Kennedy at Harvard College in 1940.  Its title was an allusion to Winston Churchill's 1938 book “While England Slept”, which also examined the buildup of German power.  The book examines the failures of the British government to take steps to prevent World War II and is notable for its uncommon stance of not castigating the appeasement policy of the British government at the time, instead suggesting that an earlier confrontation between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany could well have been more disastrous in the long run.  One could consider these to be bold words given that at the time of writing the German army was sweeping across Europe and appeared nearly invincible.  As ambassador to Britain, the elder Kennedy supported Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement during the late 1930s.  Kennedy lived with his father in Britain at that time and witnessed the Luftwaffe's bombings of Britain first-hand.  The book's introduction was written by Henry R. Luce.  Kennedy also said in his diary of August 1, 1945: "Hitler will emerge from the hatred that surrounds him now as one of the most significant figures who ever lived.  He had boundless ambition for his country which rendered him a menace to the peace of the world, but he had a mystery about him in the way that he lived and in the manner of his death that will live and grow after him.  He had in him the stuff of which legends are made."

Hitler continued to put pressure on the Czech government.  On March 14, 1939 Slovakia declared her independence under Jozef Tiso, which was recognized by France, Britain, Germany and other important powers.  The following day, Emil Hácha accepted a German occupation of the remaining parts of the earlier Czech lands. From the Prague Castle, the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed by Hitler.

 Edward Turnour, 6th Earl Winterton PC (4/4, 1883 – 8/26, 1962), known as Viscount Turnour until 1907, was an Irish peer and British politician who achieved the rare distinction of serving as both Baby of the House and Father of the House at the opposite ends of his career in the House of Commons.  Lord Winterton on May 11, 1934 stated that “the whole of the land in Czechoslovakia belongs to Jewish moneylenders, and not to the peasants who are occupying it.”

 Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere (4/26, 1868 – 11/26, 1940) was a British newspaper proprietor, owner of Associated Newspapers Ltd.  He is known in particular, with his brother Alfred Harmsworth, the later Viscount Northcliffe, for the development of the London Daily Mail and Daily Mirror.  He was a pioneer of popular journalism.  Rothermere's descendants continue to control the Daily Mail and General Trust.  He was a strong supporter of appeasement towards Nazi Germany, in part—it is thought—because of a shattering experience during World War I when he had three sons reported killed or missing in the same week.  In the 1930s, he urged increased defense spending while being the owner of the only major newspapers to advocate an alliance with Germany.  The Rothermere papers for a time in 1934 championed the British Union of Fascists (B.U.F), and were again the only major papers that did so. Rothermere famously wrote a Daily Mail editorial entitled "Hurrah for the Blackshirts", in January 1934, praising Mosley for his "sound, commonsense, Conservative doctrine".  Rothermere visited and corresponded with Hitler.  On October 1, 1938, Rothermere sent Hitler a telegram in support of Germany's invasion of the Sudetenland, and expressing the hope that 'Adolf the Great' would become a popular figure in Britain.  He went on to note that Hitler's work was "great and superhuman".  The Mail was ‘always friendly’ towards Mussolini (as were Churchill and many others).  Rothermere penned a July 1933 leader, ‘youth triumphant’, praising the Nazi regime for its ‘accomplishments, both spiritual and material’.

“He (Hitler) conveys good comradeship. He is unpretentious, naturally and apparently sincere. He has a supreme intellect. I have known only two other men to whom I could apply such distinction - Lord Northcliffe and Lloyd George. If one puts a question to Hitler, he gives an immediate, brilliant clear answer. There is no human being living whose promise on important matters I would trust more readily. He values family life very highly, whereas Communism is its worst enemy. He has thoroughly cleansed the moral, ethical life of Germany, forbidden publication of obscene books, and performance of questionable plays and films.” - Viscount Rothermere, 'Warnings and Predictions', p.180 - 183

Court historians frequently charge Chamberlain as the scapegoat, but Chamberlain was well liked by his peers and only fell when the British/ Jewish press attacked him.  He was brought down as he was blamed for a blunder that had actually been committed under Churchill’s orders as Admiral of the Navy.

 ****Court Historians - Servile Scribes of State Power  "Court Historians" are the intellectual bodyguards of the State.  They shape and defend the "official line" or interpretation on the State's wars, its presidential regimes, or other key historical events and public policies.  As a result they enjoy high esteem and recognition in the mainstream media and academia.  As defenders of the status quo they frequently attack and label their critics as "conspiracy theorists," "revisionists," "isolationists," "appeasers," "anti-intellectuals," or other boogie men, rather than engage in civil discourse or discussion.  Hagiography: Biography revering its subject: biography that treats its subject with undue reverence.  Court historians have always existed.  The Assyrians and Egyptians would battle and their respective historians would say that their side won.

 Warsaw 9/11-16, 1938, at the 3rd World Congress of Betar, the Fascist-sympathizing Revisionist Zionist youth movement.

Oct 15, 1938 - German troops occupy the Sudetenland; Czech government resigns.

In October 1938, Germany tried to get Poland to join the Anti-Comintern Pact.  Poland refused, as the alliance was rapidly becoming a sphere of influence of an increasingly powerful Germany.

The situation regarding the Free City and the Polish Corridor created a number of headaches for German and Polish Customs.   The Germans requested the construction of an extra-territorial highway and railway through the Polish Corridor, connecting East Prussia to Danzig and Germany proper. If Poland agreed, in return they would extend the non-aggression pact for 25 years.  At the same time, Hitler also offered Poland additional territory as an enticement, such as the possible annexation of Lithuania, the Memel Territory, Soviet Ukraine and Czech inhabited lands.  In 1939, Nazi Germany made another attempt to renegotiate the status of Danzig;  Poland was to retain a permanent right to use the seaport if the route through the Polish Corridor was to be constructed.  Poland refused.

**10/30, 1938 The War of the Worlds was a radio drama performed as a Halloween episode and aired over CBS radio network. It was directed and narrated by actor and future filmmaker Orson Welles, the episode was an adaptation of H. G. Wells' novel The War of the Worlds.  The first two thirds of the 60-minute broadcast were presented as a series of simulated news bulletins, which suggested to many listeners that an actual alien invasion by Martians was currently in progress.  It was a sustaining show (it ran without commercial breaks), adding to the program's realism.  In the days following the adaptation, however, there was widespread outrage and panic by certain listeners who had believed the events described in the program were real.  The program's news-bulletin format was described as cruelly deceptive by some newspapers and public figures, leading to an outcry against the perpetrators of the broadcast. The episode secured Welles's fame.

 George Orson Welles (5/6, 1915 – 10/10, 1985) was an actor, director, writer and producer who worked extensively in theater, radio and film.  He is best remembered for Caesar (1937); The War of the Worlds (1938); and Citizen Kane (1941), which many critics and scholars name as the best film of all time.  Even though raised Catholic, Welles may have thought of himself as Jewish.  Welles lost his parents at age 15 and Maurice Bernstein, a Jewish physician from Chicago who had adored his mother, became his guardian.  In April 1982, Merv Griffin interviewed Welles and asked about his religious beliefs.  Welles replied, "I try to be a Christian, I don't pray really, because I don't want to bore God."  After the success of his 1941 film Citizen Kane, Welles announced that his next film would be about the life of Jesus, and that he would play the lead role.  However, Welles never got around to making the film.  He narrated the Christian documentary “The Late, Great Planet Earth” as well as the 1961 Biblical film about the life of Christ, “King of Kings”.  Welles made his stage debut in 1931, appearing in “Jew Suss” as the Duke. 

Joseph Süß Oppenheimer (1698–1738), German-Jewish financier whose life and ultimate execution/martyrdom formed the basis for literary, stage, film and television representations.  Oppenheimer was an 18th century Court Jew in the employ of Duke Karl Alexander of Württemberg in Stuttgart. In the course of his work for the duke, Oppenheimer made a number of powerful enemies, some of whom conspired to bring about his arrest and execution after Karl Alexander's death.  Jud Süß is a novella by Wilhelm Hauff.  Oppenheimer believes he is a Jew.  His unfair business practices result in the betrayal of an innocent girl.  Consequently, he is arrested and sentenced to be hanged.  While he waits to be executed, he discovers that he is not Jewish, but he prefers to face his sentence rather than turning his back on the community he grew up in.  Jud Süß is a 1925 historical novel by Lion Feuchtwanger based on the life of Joseph Süß Oppenheimer.  Feuchtwanger characterized Hauff's novella as 'naively anti-Semitic.'  For Feuchtwanger, Süß was a forerunner that symbolized the evolution in European philosophy and cultural mentality, representing a shift towards Eastern philosophy, from Nietzsche to Buddha, from "the old to the new covenant." 

In Germany, Josef Goebbels had Veit Harlan direct an anti-Semitic film to counter the philo-semitism of Feuchtwanger's novel and Mendes' adaption of it.  In the Harlan film, Süß rapes a Gentile German girl and tortures her father and fiance before being put to death for his crimes.

The creation of Hollywood by Jewish studio moguls has been amply documented by film historians, but Jewish characters were rarely portrayed onscreen when Welles started his career.  Orson Welles’ Citizen Kane changed the way Jews were portrayed.  One of the film’s major characters, Mr. Bernstein, Charles Foster Kane’s Jewish business manager is the most sympathetic character in the film.  Welles's 1937 interpretation of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar was as a Fascistic allegory.

November, 1938: The New Order for East Asia is declared by Japan.  This declaration of Japanese plans for dominance of East Asia further deteriorates their relations with western nations.  Japan did not invade independent countries in southern Asia.  It invaded colonial outposts which Westerners had dominated for generations to aid independence in those nations.

Brown Shirts ask Germans to boycott Jewish shops.  The SA did not stop Germans from buying.  The SA did identify and sometimes wrote “Jew” on Jewish shops.  It was estimated there’s one gentile shop to ninety-nine Jewish ones.

**** Kristallnacht Nov 9/10, 1938 – Provoked Black Flag (So-called Kristallnacht) - The Night of Broken Glass.  Nationwide, after years of anti Jew resentment and hysteria and directly by the assassination of 31 yr old Ernst von Rath (6/3, 1909–11/9, 1938), a German diplomat in the German Embassy in Paris by Herschel Grynszpan on Nov 7, the riot begins.  Grynszpan was an 17 yr old unemployed Jew who was funded by LICRA (Jewish activist group).  LICRA at once hired one of the foremost barristers in Paris, and paid his legal costs when he was arrested.  Although he was a totally obscure Polish Jew with no money and no apparent supporters, nevertheless one of France's most famous lawyers, Moro Giafferi, appeared at the police station a few hours after the shooting and told the police that he was Grynszpan's attorney.  Moro Giafferi turns out to be the legal counsel of the LICA which was founded in Paris in 1933 by the Jew Bernard Lecache and operated as a militant propaganda organization.  In February 1936 Giafferi represented the Jew David Frankfurter who had shot and killed Wilhelm Gustloff, the head of the Swiss branch of the German National Socialist Party.  During the subsequent trial it was clearly established that Frankfurter had been a hired murderer with backed by LICRA.  Grynszpan survives the war and lives in Paris supported by LICRA.  Grynszpan insisted the postcard he had received from his parents announcing their deportation to Poland from Germany upon expiration of their visas, drove him to his desperate act. (It is interesting that five years after Hitler took power Polish Jews were still trying to stay in Germany, rather than go back to their native Poland.)

Kristallnacht: 191 of 1400 synagogues vandalized; 7500 of 100,000 Jewish shops vandalized; 36 of 300,000 Jews killed, hundreds beaten.  Most Germans stunned and actually helped defend their Jewish neighbors.  LA Watts riot was ten times worse in microcosm.   Most Germans are totally opposed to this general anti-Semitism.   It was later discovered to have been begun by Jewish and Communist provocateurs in German uniforms.  It was actually another Jewish Black Op.  Hitler and Goebbels quickly stop destruction and punished any SA who had joined the violence.  The SA as a whole was very disciplined with their standards of personal moral decency.

The NYT reports no deaths between Nov 10 and Dec 30. 

“Crystal Night” (1972, 1974) by two French Jews, Rita Thalmann and Emmanuel Feinermann.   Jewish organizations claim this is "the only complete account" of the happening. The authors say various Jews were killed, but do not give any concrete or credible evidence to support their assertion. They say there were several Jewish suicides. They also say that the Nazi Party's Supreme Tribunal tried and punished persons charged with three murders. The authors quote reports by U.S. Consuls in Leipzig and Stuttgart which described substantial damage to property and much roughing up of Jews, but contained nothing about any deaths.

John Toland in his “Hitler” (1976) claims 36 Jews were killed during Crystal Night, but cites no source of any kind. Like most other writers interested in the subject, he dwells almost exclusively on property damage and the transportation of Jews to concentration camps. Toland cuts down Loewenstein's total of devastated synagogues from 528 to 91, and sets the number of wrecked Jewish stores and shops at 814 and the number of destroyed Jewish homes at 171. He asserts that only 20,000 Jews were sent to camps, not 70,000.

Charles C. Tansill in his “Back Door to War” (1952) discusses Crystal Night (pp. 436-437), but mentions only property damage and synagogue burning.

The Jew owned Press in the US and UK heavily promoted this as a government sanctioned action.  Much of this was Jewish propaganda without evidence.  Some of the synagogues had been officially demolished months earlier.

November 18 The Legislative Assembly of the American Virgin Islands adopts a resolution offering the islands as a haven for Jewish refugees.

 George Van Horn Moseley (9/28, 1874 -11/7, 1960) was a US Army general.  Moseley's awards included the Distinguished Service Medal (one oak leaf cluster); Commander, Order of the Crown (Belgian); Companion, Order of the Bath (British); Commander, Legion of Honor, and Croix de Guerre with Palm (French); Commander, Order of the Crown of Italy.  March 29, 1939 -Like many officers in the military, General Moseley viewed Jews as a threat and opposed their immigration as well as their organized efforts to bring the US into a war against National Socialist Germany.  General Mosley believed if Jewish refugees were allowed to enter America, they should be first sterilized before disembarking.- "The war now proposed is for the purpose of establishing Jewish influence throughout the world."

   ****Banned Authors****  List of authors banned during the Third Reich (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)  These authors are from the prohibitions lists during the Nazi Third Reich and come from the following lists and others:   List of damaging and undesirable writing, December 31, 1938 ; Jahreslisten 1939-1941.  Unchanged new printing of the Leipzig edition, 1938-1941, Vaduz 1979.  The official list was published by the Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda.  Authors, living and dead, were placed on the list because of Jewish descent, or because of pacifist or communist sympathies or suspicion thereof.  (Jews and Communists had declared war on Germany.)  After World War II started, Germans created indexes of prohibited books in countries they occupied, of works in languages other than German.  For example, in occupied Poland, an index of 1,500 prohibited authors was created.  Most emigrated, but several continued to live safe lives in Germany.   Also remember, even though many of these names are unknown today, they were all influential in their day.  There was an infestation of Communist and pornographic literature throughout the Weimar Republic and until this time.

Alfred Adler (2/7, 1870– 5/28, 1937) was an Austrian-Jew medical doctor, psychologist and co-founder of the psychoanalytic movement.

Rabbi Dr. Hermann Adler (5/30, 1839 – 7/18, 1911) was the Chief Rabbi of the British Empire from 1891 to 1911. 

Max Adler (1/15, 1873 -6/28, 1937) was an Austrian-Jew jurist, politician and social philosopher; of central importance to Austromarxism.

Raoul Auernheimer (April 15, 1876 in Vienna - January 6, 1948 in Oakland, California) was an Jew jurist and writer.

Otto Bauer (9/5, 1881 – 7/4, 1938) was an Jew Social Democrat who was one of the leading thinkers of the left socialist Austro-Marxist tendency.

Hedwig (Vicki) Baum (1/24, 1888 – 8/29, 1960) was an Jew writer.  She is known for ("People at a Hotel", 1929). 

Johannes Robert Becher (5/22, 1891 -10/11, 1958) was a German Communist politician, novelist, and poet.

Richard Beer-Hofmann (7/11, 1866 -9,26 1945 in New York) was an Jew dramatist and poet.

Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (7/15, 1892 – 9/27, 1940) was a Jew philosopher, sociologist, literary critic, translator and essayist.  He was at times associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory.

Walter Arthur Berendsohn (September 10, 1884, Hamburg – January 30, 1984, Stockholm) was a Jew literary scholar.

Ernst Simon Bloch (July 8, 1885 – August 4, 1977) was a Jew Marxist philosopher.

Felix Braun (November 4, 1885, Vienna – November 29, 1973) was a Jew writer.

Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (2/10, 1898–8/14, 1956) was a German (Jew?) poet, playwright, and theatre director and committed Marxist.

Willi Bredel (5/2, 1901 – 10/27, 1964) was a German (Jew?) pioneer of socialist realist literature and Marxist.

Hermann Broch (11/1, 1886 – 5/30, 1951) was a 20th century Jew writer, considered one of the major Modernists.

Ferdinand Bruckner (Theodor Tagger) (8/26 1891–12/5, 1958) was an Austrian-German (Jew?) writer and theater manager.

Alfred Döblin (8/10, 1878 – 6/26, 1957) was a Jew expressionist novelist, best known for Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929).

John Roderigo Dos Passos (1/14, 1896 – 9/28, 1970) was an American novelist and artist.  Don Passos was a great writer who began Communist (Hemingway was a friend at this time), but was breaking with them by 1937.  He later admired Joe McCarthy.

Albert Ehrenstein (1886, Ottakring, Vienna – 1950, New York) was an Jew Expressionist poet.

Albert Einstein (3/14, 1879 – 4/18, 1955) was a theoretical physicist, philosopher Jew and probably a fraud.

Carl Einstein (4/26, 1885 – 7/5, 1940), was an influential Jew writer, art historian, and critic.

Friedrich Engels (11/28, 1820 – 8/5, 1895) was a social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of communism, alongside Marx.

Lion Feuchtwanger (pseudonym: J.L. Wetcheek) (7/7, 1884 – 12/21, 1958) was a Jew novelist and playwright.

Marieluise Fleißer (11/23, 1901– 2/2, 1974) was a German morally liberal (Jew?) author and playwright.

Leonhard Frank (9/ 4, 1882 – 8/18, 1961) was a German (often Jew name) expressionist writer.

Anna Freud (12/3, 1895 – 10/9, 1982) was the child of Jew Sigmund Freud.  She contributed to the newly born field of psychoanalysis.

Sigmund Freud (Sigismund Schlomo Freud (5/6, 1856 – 9/23, 1939), was an Jew neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry.

Egon Friedell (Friedmann) (1/21, 1878-3/16, 1938) was a Jew philosopher, historian, journalist, actor, cabaret performer and theatre critic.

André Paul Guillaume Gide (11/22, 1869 – 2/19, 1951) was a French homosexual author and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1947. 

Claire Goll (Aischmann) (10/29, 1890 – 5/30, 1977 in Paris) was a Jew writer, journalist,  and in the peace movement.

Oskar Maria Graf (7/22, 1894 – 6/28, 1967) was a German author who wrote several socialist-anarchist novels and narratives about life in Bavaria.

George Grosz (7/26, 1893 – 7/6, 1959) was a German artist known for his savagely caricatural drawings of Berlin life in the 1920s. Communist.

Jaroslav Hašek (April 30, 1883–January 3, 1923) was a Czech (Jew?) humorist, satirist, writer and socialist anarchist.

Walter Hasenclever (7/8, 1890 Germany – 6/22, 1940 Aix-en-Provence) was a Jew Expressionist writer.  Pacifist.

Raoul Hausmann (7/12, 1886 – 2/1, 1971) was an Jew artist and writer.  One of the key figures in Berlin Dada, his experimental photographic collages, sound poetry and institutional critiques would have a profound influence on the European Avant-Garde in the aftermath of World War I.

Magnus Hirschfeld (5/14, 1868 – 5/14, 1935) was a Jew physician and sexologist, homosexual, and an early homosexual rights advocate.

Jakob van Hoddis (anagram of Hans Davidsohn)(5/16, 1887– 1942 in Sobibór) was a Jewish expressionist poet.

Edmund Josef von Horváth (12/9, 1901 - June 1, 1938 Paris) was a German-writing Austro-Hungarian-born playwright and novelist.

Karl Hubbuch (11/21, 1891 – 12/26, 1979) was a German painter, printmaker, and draftsman associated with the New Objectivity.

Vera Mikhaylovna Inber, born Spenzer, (7/10, 1890- 11/11, 1972) was a Russian-Soviet Jew poet and writer.

Hans Henny Jahnn (12/17, 1894– 11/29, 1959) was a German playwright, novelist and organ-builder and bisexual.

Georg Jellinek (6/16, 1851 -1/12, 1911) was an German Jew public lawyer.

Erich Kästner (2/23, 1899 – 7/29, 1974) was a German Jew author, poet, screenwriter and satirist, known for his humorous, socially astute poetry and children's literature (Emil and the Detective).  Popular in Israel.

Franz Kafka (7/3, 1883 – 6/3, 1924) Jew novelist and writer of short stories.

Friedrich Carl ‘Georg’ Kaiser (11/25, 1878– 6/4, 1945, Switzerland) was a German (Jew?) dramatist.

Mascha Kaléko, (nee Golda Malka Aufen) (6/7, 1907 -1/21, 1975 in Zürich) was a German Jew language poet.

Hermann Kantorowicz (11/18, 1877- 2/12, 1940, Cambridge) was a German Jew jurist.

Karl Kautsky (10/16, 1854– 10/17, 1938) was a Jew philosopher and politician.  He was the leader of Orthodox Marxism after Engels.

Hans Kelsen (10/11, 1881 – 4/19, 1973) was an Jew jurist and legal philosopher.

Alfred Kerr (born Alfred Kempner)(12/25, 1867 – 10/12, 1948), was an influential Jew theatre critic and essayist.

Irmgard Keun (2/6, 1905 – 5/5, 1982) was a Jew noteworthy for portrayals of life in Germany.   She returned in 1940 to Germany.  (Protected by false reports of her own suicide(?), she lived there undercover until 1945.)

Klabund (Alfred Henschke)(11/4, 1890 – 8/14, 1928), was a German (Jew?) writer.  He married a Jew.

Annette Kolb (2/3, 1870 -12/3, 1967) was the working name of German author and pacifist.

Anna Paul Kornfeld (12/11, 1889—4/25, 1942) was a Jew writer of expressionist plays and treatises on the theory of drama.

Siegfried Kracauer (2/8, 1889 – 11/26, 1966) was a Jew writer, journalist, sociologist, cultural critic, and film theorist.

Karl Kraus (4/28, 1874 – 6/12, 1936) was an Jew writer and journalist, known as a satirist, essayist, aphorist, playwright and poet.

Adam Kuckhoff (8/30, 1887– 8/5, 1943 executed) was a German (Jew?) writer, journalist, and resistance fighter(?).

Else Lasker-Schüler (2/11, 1869 – 1/22, 1945) was a Jew poet and playwright famous for her bohemian lifestyle in Berlin.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (4/22, 1870 – 1/21, 1924), was the Russian Jew revolutionary and communist politician.

Jack London (1/12, 1876 – 11/22, 1916) was a popular author who wrote The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and The Sea Wolf etc. Socialist

Ernst Lothar (10/25, 1890 – 10/30, 1974) was a Moravian-Austrian (Jew?)writer, theatre director/manager and producer.

Emil Ludwig (nee Emil Cohn) (1/25, 1881 –9/17, 1948) was a Jew author, known for his biographies.

Rosa Luxemburg (3/5, 1871 – 1/15, 1919) was a Marxist Jew theorist, philosopher, economist.

André Malraux DSO (11/3, 1901 – 11/23, 1976) was a French author, adventurer and statesman.  Communist.

Luiz (Ludwig) Heinrich Mann (3/27, 1871 – 3/11, 1950) was a Jew novelist exiled in 1933, who wrote on the authoritarian and militaristic nature of pre-World War I German society.

Klaus Mann (11/18, 1906 – 5/21, 1949) was a Jew writer.

Thomas Mann (6/6, 1875 – 8/12, 1955) was a (crypto-Jew?)(he married a Jew) novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate.  His books were not banned in 1933, but he was antiNazi.

Hans Marchwitza (6/25, 1890 – 1/17, 1965) was a German (Jew?)writer, proletarian poet, and communist.

Professor Ludwig Marcuse (2/8, 1894– 8/2, 1971), was a German Jew philosopher and writer.

Karl Heinrich Marx (5/5, 1818 – 3/14, 1883) was the Jew political economist, communist, and revolutionary.

Walter Mehring (4/29, 1896 – 10/3, 1981) was a Jew author and one of the satirical authors in the Weimar Republic.

Gustav Meyrink (Meyer) (1/19, 1868 – 12/4, 1932) was a Jew author, dramatist, translator, and banker, famous for his novel “The Golem”.

Erich Mühsam (4/6, 1878 – 7/10, 1934) was a Jew anarchist essayist, poet and playwright.

Robert Mathias Edler von Musil (11/6, 1880 – 4/15, 1942) was an Austrian (Jew?) writer.   His wife was a Jew.

Alfred Neumann (10/15, 1895– 10/3, 1952 Switzerland) was a Jew writer of novels, stories, poems, plays, and films, as well as German translator.

Robert Gerhard Neumann (1/2, 1916–6/18, 1999) was a Jew US politician and ambassador.

Carl von Ossietzky (10/3, 1889 – 5/4, 1938) was a radical German pacifist.

Adelheid Popp (2/11, 1869– 3/7, 1939, Vienna) was an Jew feminist and socialist who worked as a journalist and politician.

Hertha Pauli (9/4, 1906 Vienna- 2/9, 1973 New York) was a Jew journalist, author and actress.

Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen (8/11, 1884– 2/16, 1945 Dachau camp) was a German (Jew?)author.

Gustav Regler (5/25, 1898– 1/14, 1963 New Delhi) - was a German Socialist novelist.

Wilhelm Reich (3/24, 1897 – 11/3, 1957) was an Jew psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.

Erich Maria Remarque (nee Erich Paul Remark)(6/22, 1898 – 9/25, 1970) was a German author, of the anti-war “All Quiet on the Western Front”.

Karl Renner (12/14, 1870 – 12/31, 1950) was an Austrian Jew politician.

Joachim Ringelnatz (Hans Bötticher) (8/7, 1883-11/17, 1934) was a German (Jew?) author and painter, banned as a degenerate artist.

Joseph Roth (9/2, 1894 – 5/27, 1939 Paris) was an Jew novelist.

Nelly Sachs (12/10, 1891 – 5/12, 1970) was a Jew poet and playwright.

Felix Salten (Siegmund Salzmann) (9/6, 1869 – 10/8, 1945) was an Jew author and critic in Vienna.  Author of “Bambi”.

Rahel Sanzara (Johanna Bleschke) (2/9, 1894 – 2/8, 1936) was a German dancer, actress and novelist.  In 1927 Rahel Sanzara married the Jewish stock broker Walter Davidsohn, who emigrated to France to escape persecution(?) from the Nazis, while she remained in Berlin, already weakened by cancer.  She died in 1936 after a long illness.

Dr. Arthur Schnitzler (5/15, 1862- 10/21, 1931) was an Jew author and dramatist.

Alvin Schwartz (very Jewish name)

Anna Seghers (Netty Reiling) (11/19, 1900–6/1, 1983) was a Jew writer married to Laszlo Radvanyi, a Hungarian Communist in 1925.

Walter Serner (Seligmann)(1/15, 1889 – Aug 1942) was a German Jew essayist who wrote the Dadaist manifesto Letzte Lockerung. 

Ignazio Silone (Secondino Tranquilli)(5/1, 1900 – 8/22, 1978) was an Italian author and Communist politician.

Rudolf Steiner (2/25, 1861– 3/30, 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, social thinker, architect and esotericist. AntiNazi.

Carl Sternheim (4/1, 1878 – 11/3, 1942) was a Jew playwright and short story writer.

Ernst Toller (12/1, 1893–5/22, 1939) was a left-wing Jew expressionist playwright and President of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, for six days.

Friedrich Torberg (Friedrich Kantor)(9/16, 1908 – 11/10, 1979, Vienna) was a Jew writer.

B. Traven, pen-name (~ 1890-1969) was a novelist notable for anti-capitalist and pro-anarchist sympathies.

Leon Trotsky (Bronstein)(11/7, 1879 – 8/21, 1940), was the Jew Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist.

Kurt Tucholsky (1/9, 1890 – 12/21, 1935) was a Jew journalist, satirist and writer.  (Pseudonyms Kaspar Hauser, Peter Panter, Theobald Tiger and Ignaz Wrobel.)

Jakob Wassermann (3/10, 1873 – 1/1, 1934) was a Jew writer and novelist.

Armin Theophil Wegner (10/16, 1886 – 5/17, 1978) was a German soldier and medic in World War I, a prolific author and a seminal figure in German Expressionism, a human rights activist.  "There is no Fatherland without justice!", recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous.

Franz Werfel (9/10, 1890 – 8/26, 1945) was an Jew novelist, playwright, and poet.

Eugen Gottlob Winkler (1912 in Zürich - 1936 in Munich) was a writer and essayist.

Friedrich Wolf (12/23, 1888 – 10/5, 1953) was a Jew doctor and writer.

Carl Zuckmayer (12/27, 1896 – 1/18, 1977) was a Jew writer and playwright.

Arnold Zweig (11/10, 1887 – 11/26, 1968) was a Jew writer and anti-war activist.

Stefan Zweig (11/28, 1881 – 2/22, 1942) was an Jew novelist, playwright, journalist and biographer.

End of Banned Authors

**Berlin Librarian Wolfgang Herrmann created these "cleansing" instructions so that libraries could build up "holdings in accordance with the new Germany."  May 10, 1933. General Principles for the Compilation of Blacklists:

1. The standards for the compilation of blacklists are of a literary-political nature.  The fundamental question, necessary for any political decision applies here too: Who is the real enemy?  Against whom do we direct our fight?

2. Our fight is against the undermining of our inherent way of thinking and living.  It is against "Asphalt" literature which is predominantly written for the urban resident, in order to confirm and strengthen his detachment from his environment -- from his Volk, from any community, and which up-roots him completely.  This is the literature of intellectual Nihilism.

3. This type of literature has predominantly, although not exclusively, Jewish authors.  However, not every Jewish author is an Asphalt writer.  For example, the criticism of the assimilated Jew by the Zionist E. Ben-Gurion represents principles of a Jewish Volk.  Not every Russian author is a cultural bolshevist. Dostoevsky and L. Tolstoy do not belong on the index.  New acquisitions of Russian authors are not necessary, just as it is not necessary to destroy all new Russian books. (e.g.: Fadejew, Tarassow-Rodionow)

5. As a rule it is recommended to retain a copy of even the nost dangerous books in the poison cabinets of the large city and university libraries, pending the coming altercation with the "Asphalt" literati and the Marxists.

6. Technically, the cleansing should be done in stages. New acquisitions should be depended upon to fill the resulting gaps with German literature.

7. Books that are blocked from check-out can practically be divided into three groups: Group 1 is to be destroyed (Auto da fé), e.g. Remarque, Group 2 goes into the poison cabinet (e.g. Lenin), Group 3 contains dubious cases requiring future assessment as to whether they belong to group 1 or group 2 (e.g. Traven).

8. More important that the cleansing is the building up of holdings in accordance with the new Germany.

9. The building of nationalistic and socialistic holdings does definitely not include the patriotic kitsch. Blacklists are being compiled of such works. Examples of patriotic kitsch: P.0. Häcker, P. Hoch!

Guidelines from Die Bücherei 2:6 (1935):

1. The works of traitors, emigrants and authors from foreign countries who believe they can attack and denigrate the new German (H.G. Wells, Rolland).

2. The literature of Marxism, Communism and Bolshevism.

3. Pacifist literature.

4. Literature with liberal, democratic tendencies and attitudes, and writing supporting the Weimar Republic (Rathenau, Heinrich Mann).

5. All historical writings whose purpose is to denigrate the origin, the spirit and the culture of the German Volk, or to dissolve the racial and structural order of the Volk, or that denies the force and importance of leading historical figures in favor of egalitarianism and the masses, and which seeks to drag them through the mud (Emil Ludwig).

6. Writings of a philosophical and social nature whose content deals with the false scientific enlightenment of primitive Darwinism and Monism (Häckel).

7. Books that advocate "art" which is decadent, bloodless, or purely constructivist (Grosz, Dix, Bauhaus, Mendelsohn).

8. Writings on sexuality and sexual education which serve the egocentric pleasure of the individual and thus, completely destroy the principles of race and Volk (Hirschfeld).

9. The decadent, destructive and Volk-damaging writings of "Asphalt and Civilization" literati! (Graf, H. Mann, Stefan Zweig, Wassermann, Franz Blei). [transl. note: a derogatory term for writers dealing with upper middle class urban society].

10. Literature by Jewish authors, regardless of the field.

11. Popular entertainment literature that depicts life and life's goals in a superficial, unrealistic and sickly sweet manner, based on a bourgeois or upper class view of life.

12. Nationalistic and patriotic kitsch in literature (P.O. Häcker!).                       

The Lists of Banned Books, 1932-1939 included the banning of: "All writings that ridicule, belittle or besmirch the Christian religion and its institution, faith in God, or other things that are holy to the healthy sentiments of the Volk." [translated]

Gottfried Benn (5/2, 1886–7/7 1956) was a German essayist, novelist, and expressionist poet.  A doctor of medicine, he became an early admirer, and later a critic, of the National Socialist revolution.  Benn had a literary influence on German verse immediately before and after Nazi Germany.  In May 1936 the SS magazine Das Schwarze Korps attacked his expressionist and experimental poetry as degenerate, Jewish, and homosexual.  Heinrich Himmler defended Benn on the grounds of his good record since 1933 (his earlier artistic output being irrelevant).  In 1938 the Reichsschrifttumskammer (the National Socialist authors' association) banned Benn from further writing. (He looks Jew)          He pictured himself as "seeking the great Dionysian barbarians of the Twentieth Century."  He saw organized Jewry as the central evil of the world. (Der neue Staat und die Intellektuellen)

 Julius Streicher (2/12, 1885 – 10/16, 1946) was a prominent Nazi prior to World War II. He was the founder and publisher of Der Stürmer newspaper, which became a central element of the Nazi propaganda machine. His publishing firm also released three anti-Semitic books for children, including the 1938 Der Giftpilz ("The Toadstool" or "The Poison-Mushroom"), one of the most widespread pieces of propaganda, which purported to warn about insidious dangers Jews posed by using the metaphor of an attractive yet deadly mushroom. After the war, he was convicted of crimes against humanity and executed.  “Quotes from “a typical Streicher speech to the Hitler youth” of June 22, 1935:       “Boys and girls, look back to a little more than ten years ago.  A war–the World War–had whirled over the peoples of the earth and had left in the end a heap of ruins.  Only one people remained victorious in this dreadful war, a people of whom Christ said its father is the devil.  That people had ruined the German nation in body and soul…[The rise of Hitler meant] the human race might be free again from this people which has wandered about the world for centuries and millenia, marked with the sign of Cain.       “Boys and girls, even if the people say that the Jews were once the chosen people, do not believe it, but believe us when we say that the Jews are not a chosen people.  Because it cannot be that a chosen people should act among the peoples as the Jews do today.       “A chosen people does not go into the world to make others work for them, to suck blood.  It does not go among the peoples to chase the peasants from the land.  It does not go among the people to make your fathers poor and drive them to despair.  A chosen people does not slay and torture animals to death.  A chosen people does not live by the sweat of others.  A chosen people joins the ranks of those who live because they work.  Don’t you ever forget that.       “Boys and girls, for you we went to prison.  For you we have always suffered.  For you we had to accept mockery and insult, and became fighters against the Jewish people, against that organized body of world criminals, against whom already Christ had fought, the greatest anti-Semite of all times.”

Cheating Jews

Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels did not think a lot of the book.  In his diary entry for May 29, 1938 he writes: “Streicher has published a new children’s book. Terrible stuff. Why does the Führer put up with it?”

Der Giftpilz (The Poisonous Mushroom)(Nuremberg, Stürmerverlag, 1938):

                  

 "Here, kids, I have some candy for you. But you both have to come with me." A devil goes through the land, The Jew he is, known to us all As murderer of the peoples and polluter of the races, The terror of children in every country! He wants to ruin the youth.  He wants all peoples to die.

1938 “The Toadstool” or "the poisonous mushroom" (Der Giftpilz) is a children's book published by Julius Streicher.  The book was intended to "educate" children about the Jews – the title "poisonous mushroom" being a Jew.  In a series of stories, it tells how to distinguish Jews from non-Jews.  It also warns children not to trust their Jewish classmates, or even Jews who have converted to Christianity.  In some instances, it is implied that Jews will try to molest children; one little girl escapes a Jew offering her sweets only when her brother calls the police,  and when Inge's mother sends her to a Jewish doctor, despite Inge's protests of what she learned in the League of German Girls, Inge barely escapes.  Communism is portrayed as being led by Jews who wish to sacrifice Germany to Russia's good – this being put in the mouth of a former Communist, whose loyalty to Germany brought him to the Nazi party.  Jews are portrayed as abusing their German servants.  In addition, the book warns of Jews in various occupations – Jewish businessmen, lawyers, tradesmen, and kosher butchers, who in one chapter are described torturing an animal to death.  The same chapter also accuses the Jews of kidnapping Christian children to use their blood in matzohs.  One of the final chapters blames the Jews for the death of Jesus, who is called the greatest enemy of the Jews of all time.  There is an entire chapter containing numerous invective quotations from the Talmud.  The book claims that the Talmud forbids Jews to do manual labor, and that Jews are only permitted to engage in trade, and that non-Jews are meant to be slaves.  The chapter further states that Talmudic law allows Jews to cheat non-Jews, and asks Jews to enslave the non-Jewish population. 

10/31, 1938  Long before War this article in the October 31, 1938, issue of Life magazine, headlined "America Gets Ready to Fight Germany, Italy, Japan," told readers that Germany and Italy "covet ... the rich resources of South America," and warned that "fascist fleets and legions may swarm across the Atlantic." In fact, at the time Hitler and all other high-level German officials fervently sought to avoid any conflict with the US, Britain or France.  But President Franklin Roosevelt was secretly pushing for war.  In September 1939 Britain and France -- encouraged by the US -- declared war against Germany.

11/11, 1938  The 1938 German Weapons Act

(Contrary to the Propaganda, the Nazis loosened gun ownership.  The people were armed.)

(Also contrary to propaganda, which says Gun Control allowed Kristallnacht, this Act was after Kristallnacht.)

The 1938 German Weapons Act, the precursor of the current weapons law, superseded the 1928 law.  As under the 1928 law, citizens were required to have a permit to carry a firearm and a separate permit to acquire a firearm.  Furthermore, the law restricted ownership of firearms to "...persons whose trustworthiness is not in question and who can show a need for a (gun) permit." Under the new law:

    Gun restriction laws applied only to handguns, not to long guns or ammunition.  Writes Prof. Bernard Harcourt of the University of Chicago, "The 1938 revisions completely deregulated the acquisition and transfer of rifles and shotguns, as well as ammunition."

    The groups of people who were exempt from the acquisition permit requirement expanded. Holders of annual hunting permits, government workers, and NSDAP party members were no longer subject to gun ownership restrictions.  (Almost anyone could become a member, and hence exempt.) Prior to the 1938 law, only officials of the central government, the states, and employees of the German Reichsbahn Railways were exempted.

    The age at which persons could own guns was lowered from 20 to 18.

    The firearms carry permit was valid for three years instead of one year.

    Jews were forbidden from the manufacturing or dealing of firearms and ammunition.

Under both the 1928 and 1938 acts, gun manufacturers and dealers were required to maintain records with information about who purchased guns and the guns' serial numbers.  These records were to be delivered to a police authority for inspection at the end of each year.

On November 11, 1938, the Minister of the Interior, Wilhelm Frick, passed Regulations Against Jews' Possession of Weapons. This regulation effectively deprived all Jews of the right to possess firearms or other weapons.  >>The International Jews had declared War on Germany five years earlier in 1933.  This regulation was less extreme than the US putting all its Japanese and many Germans and Italians in concentration camps in America without due process.  There were 150,000 Jews or partial Jews who fought for Hitler, they all had rights to keep guns.  Also all foreign national Jews could possess guns.  There were many free Jews living freely throughout the War without guns who were hindered in movement and economy, but who were left unmolested.

“The most foolish mistake we could possibly make would be to allow the subject races (racial aliens) to possess arms.  History shows that all conquerors who have allowed their subject races to carry arms have prepared their own downfall by so doing.” -Adolph Hitler (from the questionable “Hitler’s Secret Conversations”)

****After 1945, the Allied Forces commanded the complete disarming of Germany.  Even German police officers were initially not allowed to carry firearms.  Private ownership of firearms was not allowed until after 1956.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Thomas Clayton Wolfe (10/3, 1900 – 11/15, 1938) was a major novelist.  Wolfe was a rather conventional 'liberal' when he went to New York.  There, although he was feted by the powerful Jewish intelligentsia and even had a liaison with an attractive Jewess, Wolfe gradually became 'anti-Semitic.'  He went away to write novels portraying Jewish characters as grasping, conniving or perverted.  Most offensive to Jews is “Of Time and the River” (1935).  Wolfe also was an 'anti-Negro racist,' in present-day jargon.  “Look Homeward, Angel” (1929) and other works often use 'Niggertown' as a setting for the seamy and sexual side of modern life.  On his unusual concept of the "love" he felt Jews have for Gentiles, Wolfe wrote: “The Jews hate the Christians, and they also love them. The Jewish women seduce the pure young Christian boys because they love them and want to destroy them, and the Jewish men, cynical and resigned, look on and rub their hands in glee because they hate the Christians and also love them, too, and want to destroy them because they feel such sympathy and pity for them, and yet say nothing because they get an obscene sexual satisfaction from the spectacle, and because their souls are old and patient, and they have known that their women were unfaithful for seven thousand years, and they must suffer and endure it. (The Web and the Rock,1939) “Wolfe seems to have been vexed by the thought that, on the basis of name and appearance, he might be considered Jewish.  It is for this reason, among others, that he went to such lengths to underline the Anglo-Saxon origins of his mountaineer protagonists.  At the same time, however, be considered Jewish.  It is for this reason, in New York because they belonged to the fashionable literary and cultural world and he didn’t.  Generally, it was for their “belongingness” that he seemed to envy his Jewish compeers. . . .”  (Not to be confused with Thomas Kennerly "Tom" Wolfe, Jr. (born March 2, 1931-)

Disney’s original Midwestern anti-Semitism had been aggravated by difficulties with Jewish-dominated segments of the motion picture industry, something he confided to Nazi film director Leni Riefenstahl when he was one of the few in Hollywood to welcome her on a visit to Hollywood in November 1938.

“The World Hoax” by Ernest Frederick Elmhurst, previously Hermann Fleischkopf (7/27, 1891 – 3/1, 1967); with an introduction by William Dudley Pelley. 1939  Contents: The Six-Pointed Star of Jewish Communism; Communism-A Jewish Stratagem; Communism as a World Movement. 

 **"Lili Marlene" is a German love song, which became very popular during World War II for both Axis and Allies.  The poem was originally titled  (German for "The Girl under the Lantern"), but it became famous as "Lili Marlene".:

In front of the barracks, In front of the main gate, Stood a lamppost, If it still stands out front, So will we see each other there again, By the lamppost we'll stand, As before, Lili Marleen.

Our two shadows Looked like one. That we were so much in love, Anyone could see at a glance. And everyone will see it, When we stand by the lamppost, As before, Lili Marleen.

Already called the guard, “They’re blowing taps. That could cost you three days!” “Comrade, I'll be right there.” Then we said farewell, How much would I have rather gone with you, With you, Lili Marleen.

She knows your footsteps, Your special stride. Every evening she is burning, Though me she forgot long ago. And if a mishap should befall me, Who will stand by the lamppost, With you, Lili Marleen?

From out of silent space, From out the depths of the earth, Lifts me as in a dream Your beloved mouth. When the nocturnal mists swirl, I will be standing by the lamppost, As before, Lili Marleen.

Giovanni Preziosi (10/24 1881 -4/26 1945) was an Italian fascist politician noted for his anti-Semitism.  Preziosi was not initially an anti-Semite but after Italy's poor returns for their involvement in the First World War he came to blame the Jews for the country's ills.  He accused the Jews of being incapable of being fully Italian due to their "double loyalties" and the growth of Zionism and believed in the notions of a conspiracy between the Jews, communism, Freemasonry, capitalism and democracy.  Much of his thought was derived from La Libre Parole, a newspaper founded by Edouard Drumont, Howell Arthur Gwynne's The Cause of World Unrest and The Dearborn Independent of Henry Ford.  He became the first to translate The Protocols of the Elders of Zion into Italian in 1921.  Such was the strength of his conviction that Preziosi even attacked fellow anti-Semtie Paolo Orano for his 'soft' stance on Jews.  In his early years he had written (Germany’s Conquest of Italy, 1916).  However after 1933 he became a strong advocate of close co-operation with Germany and occasionally criticized Italian fascism for its lack of emphasis on Judaism.  His views reached a wider audience after the passing of the 1938 Racial Laws as he began to write virulently anti-Semitic articles for the national press as well as his own journal.  Preziosi also wrote "Here’s the Devil: Israel ".  The longtime editor of the journal Vita Italiana is often dubbed by Jews 'the dean of the Italian Jew-baiters,' although dispassionate examination of his publications shows the term to be excessive, since nothing could be further from 'baiting' than Preziosi's calm and expert research into the cause of fundamental problems.

“Germany and the Jewish Question” (1938) by Dr. Friederich Karl Wiehe placed in the congressional record by Jacob Thorkelson of Montana.  Introduction: The Jewish question – a two thousand year old problem, The Jewish question in Germany before 1933, 1.Population figures and the social structure of the Jews, 2.The Jews in the German economic life, 3. Jews and corruption, 4. Jews in German politics, 5.Jews in German press, 6.Jews in German culture, 7.The share of Jews in immorality, 8.The share of Jews in criminality, Conclusion: The Jews – an anti-social element. What should be done with the Jews?  -Jacob Thorkelson (9/24, 1876 – 11/20, 1945) was a U.S. congressman, Naval officer and medical doctor.   He served as Representative from 3/3, 1939 -3/1, 1941.  Thorkelson was labeled as "rabidly pro-fascist and anti-semitic" and "Jew-baiting, Fascist-minded"  by contemporary journalists for his use of the Congressional Record to reprint anti-British and anti-Jewish propaganda and his support for retired General George Van Horn Moseley.  

1938  Romania formally abrogates the minority rights of Jews, and revokes the citizenship of the many newly immigrant (Polish) Jews who have been resident there since the end of the war.

 1938 Showing the Nazi Emblem of the eagle holding a swastika surrounded by a wreath, this set is highlighted by bold colors. Issued for the young workers competition.                 

  Saar Theater

                   

Historic Austrian Landmarks and Flowers: 1.2.Flexen road  3.Zell on the lake  4.Grossglockner mountain  5.ruins Aggstein Castle  6.Prince Eugene monument  7.Erzberg  8.Hall in Tirol  9.Braunau am Inn

 Autobahn workers as guests of Hitler in the Berlin Sportpalast at Christmas in 1938. Note the Christmas trees on the right.

 Sjors & Sjimmie (George & Jimmy) is a Dutch adaptation of US-comic Perry Winkle. They're raised by Sally and the Colonel who regularly finds himself on the receiving end of their pranks.  In return Sjors & Sjimmie are outsmarted by their scheming classmate Dikkie, although they manage to stay the best of friends.  The comic began life in 1902 as the US newspaper-cartoon Buster Brown.  It began in Europe in 1938.

 (Spirou and Fantasio) is one of the most popular classic Franco-Belgian comic strips.  The series, which has been running since 1938, shares many characteristics with other European humorous adventure comics like Tintin and Asterix. It has been written and drawn by a succession of artists.  Spirou and Fantasio are the series' main characters, two adventurous journalists who run into fantastic adventures, aided by Spirou's pet squirrel Spip and their inventor friend the Count of Champignac.  François Robert Velter (February 9, 1909 – April 27, 1991), known by his pen-name Rob-Vel, was a French cartoonist. He is best known for creating the character Spirou in 1938.  When Velter was drafted and wounded in 1940, his wife Davine (Blanche Dumoulin) took over the strip for a while.

To attack the US?: From Speer’s diary, (suspect memory), as early as 1938, Luftwaffe chief Herman Göring told aircraft industrialists that he expected them to produce a plane "that with five tons of bombs could fly to and from New York."  The plane conceived was to be the four-engine Messerschmidt 264 bomber, for which there were several designs.  Two prototype Me-264s were actually built.  Each apparently did have enough range for round-trip bombing missions to the United States that they never flew.  Their design was inspired partly by experimental trans-Atlantic flights by German four-engine civilian Focke-Wulf courier planes during the 1930's.

End of 1938, a successful anti-Semitic exhibition held in Toyko.

****More dates on Poland:

1933 3/6 Marshal Pilsudski sends Polish troops into Danzig, breaking a 1921 agreement that it remain a free city.  7/14 Dr. Herman Rauschning, Nazi President of the Danzig Senate, is snubbed by Jewish members of the Warsaw city government who refuse to participate in an official reception held in his honor.  8/5 Poland signs an agreement with Danzig.   9/18 The Nazi-dominated Danzig Senate guarantees basic rights to Poles living in the Free City.  11/13 In a meeting with Josef Lipski, the Polish Ambassador in Berlin, Hitler tells him that "any war could bring Communism to Europe.  Poland is at the forefront of the fight against Asia.  Poland's destruction therefore would be a universal misfortune.”  1934 1/26 Germany and Poland conclude a 10-year non-aggression pact.

1935 1/24 Hitler again meets with Josef Lipski, the Polish ambassador.  Hitler tells Lipski that "the moment will come when Poland and Germany will be forced to defend themselves from Soviet aggression."  2/10 Jean Szembeck, Polish Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs, tells Josef Beck, Poland's Foreign Minister, that Lipski told him Goering and his generals are "developing great plans for the future, suggesting almost a German-Polish alliance against Soviet Russia.  5/12 Marshal Josef Pilsudski dies in Warsaw and buried in Krakow Cathedral. He is succeeded by Marshal Edward Smigly-Rydz.

1936 8/14 Count Jean Szembeck reports that during a recent conversation with Joachim von Ribbentrop that the German Foreign Minister "insisted upon the necessity of Polish-German collaboration." Both Poland and Germany," Ribbentrop said, "are under the threat of a very great danger.  Bolshevism plans to destroy all of the fruits of Western civilization"

1937 1/10 The Polish government dissolves the Warsaw Jewish kehilla. 4/17 The Polish parliament passes a bill outlawing Jewish ritual slaughter (Shechita).

1938 10/24 German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop and Polish Ambassador Lipski meet at Berchtesgaden. Ribbentrop invites Polish Foreign Minister Beck to visit Berlin and puts forward the following suggestions: (1) Danzig to be a German city. (2) Free port for Poland in Danzig with communications assured by extraterritorial railroad and highway through Danzig. (3) An Extraterritorial zone one kilometer wide for a railroad and highway across the Polish Corridor uniting the two portions of Germany carved out at Versailles. (4) Both nations to recognize and guarantee their frontiers. (5) An extension of the German-Polish treaty of Friendship. These proposals are standing and open until August 10, 1939, when Poland will reject them and declare "any intervention by the Reich Government (will be regarded as) an act of aggression." 11/26 The Russian-Polish trade and nonagression pact is renewed. 12/2 Jews in Danzig are ordered to contribute to the "atonement" fine of one billion Reichsmarks imposed on German Jews after Kristallnacht.

Below is a copy of a 1938 article published in Better Homes and Gardens, a Hearst publication of Hitler’s Mountain Home:

 Christopher Henry Dawson (10/12, 1889– 5/25, 1970) was a British scholar, who wrote many books on cultural history and Christendom.  Dawson argued that the medieval Catholic Church was an essential factor in the rise of European civilization.  His writings in the 1920s and 1930s made him a significant figure of the time, and an influence in particular on T. S. Eliot, who wrote of his importance.  He was on the fringe of 'The Moot', a discussion group involving Eliot, John Baillie, Karl Mannheim, Walter Moberly, Michael Polanyi, Marjorie Reeves, Bernard Lonergan and Alec Vidler; and also the Sword of the Spirit ecumenical group which strove for Christian co-operation.  Dawson also influenced the theological underpinnings of J. R. R. Tolkien's writings.  As a revivalist of the Christian historian, Christopher Dawson has been compared with Kenneth Scott Latourette and Herbert Butterfield.   Both Dawson and Max Weber employ a metahistorical approach to their subjects, that Christianity influenced aspects of western culture.

The Moot was a discussion group concerned with education, social reconstruction, and the role of culture in society.  It was active in Britain from 1938 to 1947.  It was convened by J. H. Oldham, editor of the Christian Newsletter, and its participants were mainly Christian intellectuals.  Karl Mannheim was a central figure in the group.  Others who attended included T. S. Eliot, John Middleton Murry, Sir Fred Clarke, Michael Polanyi, Richard Niebuhr, Paul Tillich, Sir Walter Moberly, Professor John Baillie, Sir Hector Herrington, Geoffrey Vickers and Adolph Lowe.  The discussion group grew out of a Conference on Church, Community and State held at Oxford in 1937.  “More than anything else, the discussions of the Moot revolved around the topic of order and, more particularly, around the problem of how order might be restored in British society and culture in the context of a ‘world turned upside down’." (Mullins and Jacobs, 2006)  The discussions influenced T.S. Eliot's works of cultural criticism The Idea of a Christian society and Notes towards the definition of culture.

Karl Heinz Bremer (11/16, 1911 – 5/2, 1942) was a German historian and from the Fall of 1940 was the associate director of the German Institute in Paris, until he was sent to the Russian front a year later.  Bremer is known for the friendship he developed with the French collaborator and journalist, Robert Brasillach.  Bremer also translated several works of Henry de Montherlant. In 1938, he diagnosed that in the French Second Republic in 1848, Louis Napoleon realized that the social question was the more important than Parliamentarism, with its conflicting political parties and class struggles.  Only a dictatorship with a social outlook, in the view of Napoleon could solve it.  His great aim was to establish a political system based upon the unity of all classes and of all interests in France.  It was he, according to Bremer, who first created the new type of state in the form of authoritarian, plebiscitarian leadership."  Louis Napoleon was seen by Bremer as the precedessor of Hitler.  Bremer also said that Proudhon popularized a social idea that was antiliberal in order to give a social significance to the Second Empire.  Proudhon developed a social idea for Louis Napoleon that was to bring workers into the Second Empire.  Because Proudhon advocated slow changes over time, Napoleon rejected this solution.

Michael Prawdin was the pseudonym of Michael Charol (1/20, 1894-1970), a Russian-German historical writer.  Prawdin made himself an international reputation with two books on Genghis Khan.  The Nazi bureaucrat Heinrich Himmler sufficiently admired the books that he ordered the publication of a one-volume edition in 1938, a copy of which was given to every SS leader.

Grand: The Messe Berlin situated in Berlin-Westend. It was completed in 1937 yet heavily bombed by Allied aircraft
 Bustle: A cart sells fruit on a busy Berlin street

1938 Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (4/1, 1889 – 6/21, 1940) was the founder and the first Sarsanghachalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).  Hedgewar found the RSS in Nagpur, Maharashtra in 1925, with the intention of promoting the concept of Hindu nation.  He drew upon influences from social and spiritual Hindu reformers such as Swami Vivekananda, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Aurobindo to develop the core philosophy of the RSS.  The defeat of Germany in the Great War foiled all the attempts of the Indian revolutionaries for a revolutionary upsurge inside the country.  Hedgewar came to believe that although the revolutionaries had immense determination, in a country of continental proportions it was impossible to instigate an armed insurrection.  He also came to understand that mere acts of bravery and self-sacrifice on the part of a few daring and patriotic individuals will not bring independence to the country.  With this clear realization, he diverted his attention to the national movement launched by the Indian National Congress.  He participated actively in the Non-cooperation movement in 1920.  He felt that the remedy was a cultural organization that would unite Hindus on a common platform and instill among them discipline and national character.  

  Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar (2/19, 1906 – 6/5, 1973), popularly known as Pujyaniya Guruji , was the second "Sarsanghchalak" (supreme chief) of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh a social and cultural organization of India.  Golwalkar was vehemently opposed the concept of a secular Indian state which would not discriminate against its non-Hindu citizens.  In We Or Our Nation Defined (1938), he stated: "The non-Hindu people of Hindustan must either adopt Hindu culture and language, must learn and respect and hold in reverence the Hindu religion, must entertain no idea but of those of glorification of the Hindu race and culture ... in a word they must cease to be foreigners, or may stay in the country, wholly subordinated to the Hindu nation, claiming nothing, deserving no privileges, far less any preferential treatment—not even citizens' rights."  Critics that accused Golwalkar of fascism have often pointed to his extreme right-wing views. In his 1939 book, "We, Our Nationhood Defined", Golwalkar appears to express praise of Hitler, saying: “To keep up the purity of the Race and its culture, Germany shocked the world by her purging the country of the semitic Races — the Jews.  Race pride at its highest has been manifested here.  Germany has also shown how well nigh impossible it is for Races and cultures, having differences going to the root, to be assimilated into one united whole, a good lesson for us in Hindusthan to learn and profit by…. Ever since that evil day, when Moslems first landed in Hindustan, right up to the present moment, the Hindu Nation has been gallantly fighting on to take on these despoilers.  The Race Spirit has been awakening. —Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar.  Golwalkar denounced antisemitism: “The Christians committed all sorts of atrocities on the Jews by giving them the label “Killers of Christ”. Hitler is not an exception but a culmination of the 2000-year long oppression of the Jews by the Christians.”  Golwalkar supported the Zionist movement: “The Jews had maintained their race, religion, culture and language; and all they wanted was their natural territory to complete their Nationality"

  Doctor Ferdinand Ďurčanský (12/18, 1906 – 3/15, 1974) was a Slovak nationalist leader who for a time served with the collaborationist government of Jozef Tiso.  Ďurčanský was a supporter of a fully independent Slovakia and when he and Jozef Tiso visited Adolf Hitler in 1938 it was only Ďurčanský who pressed the Nazi leader on the issue.  He remained a strong supporter of Tiso and collaboration, attempting to organize resistance to the Soviet Union until early 1945 when he fled to Austria.  Ďurčanský returned to Europe in 1952, settling in Munich and conducting much of his work on behalf of Slovak independence from West Germany.  He also wrote extensively for rightist journals such as Nation Europa, Zeitschrift für Geopolitik and Politische Studien.

Propaganda in the Next War (1938) by Captain Sidney Rogerson (10/22, 1894-  ) His book Twelve Days (1916) was a narrative history of warfare during The Great War in the Somme during the winter of 1916, a history read by both Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden in August 1936.  Rogerson knew the value of propaganda in winning a war.  Of particular interest are his observations about the Japanese “tactlessly” dumping their shoddy goods in I.C.I’s traditional markets, which made it much easier to arouse hostilities towards them.  Rogerson, as the Publicity Controller for what was, at the time, the world’s largest chemical corporation was very much alive to the threat that Japan and the other axis powers posed to, not only I.C.I., but to all the members of the Federation of British Industries.  They were trapped on the treadmill of debt which they could not get off, as Germany was desperately trying to do.  As members of the F.B.I. – conditioned by the propaganda of the banks - they found it difficult to recognise that the conditions which caused most, if not all wars, were due, to what Keynes referred to as: “The deficiency of effective (domestic) demand.”  In other words, insufficient money in circulation to “satisfy the purchasing requirements of consumers,” which was further exacerbated by those other insane notions that a country has to either: “export or die,” or that it can have either “guns or butter” but not both, even when it has failed to satisfy the needs of its own domestic population.

Archbishop William Temple correctly defined the problem in 1942: “The trend towards war is inherent in the internal economy of the modern nation.  The essential evil in the ordering of European life has been the inversion of the proper relations between finance, production and consumption…”

As Winston Churchill pointed out to Lord Robert Boothby. “The unforgivable crime of Germany, before the second world war, was her attempt to extricate its economic power from the world’s trading system and create its own exchange mechanism which would deny world finance its opportunity to profit”.

In 1938, Ben Chaim directed a proclamation to the Jewish nation: Juda erwache! (Judea Awake! Zürich): "Ultimately, the suffering of the Jews has its origin in the 'chosen people' belief proclaimed by the Jewish religion, which has been drilled into our people for millennia, to the extent that it has become part of our flesh and blood. Even today, even among irreligious or antireligious Jews, the belief persists that we are special and chosen. [p. 9...] The world, however, has little respect for 'God's Chosen People.' This is because of the perception that a people who subordinate duty to fellow men to duty to God, cannot possibly be a Chosen People. [...] Millions of Jews still repeat this prayer every day: 'Ato bochartonu mi kol ho om' (God, Thou hast chosen us from among all peoples). Even if many are unaware of the monstrosity, criminality and ridiculousness of the utterance, it is still an expression of the basic attitude of our people, revealed in everything we do or fail to do. This attitude confronts us in every area of our life, hindering and separating us from others in our morality, our dealings with our fellow citizens, our hosts, etc. During thousands of years of wandering and humiliation, this delusion of grandeur has deformed and ruined all the noble characteristics of our people." (p. 13)

 Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram (7/14, 1897-6/11, 1964), contemporarily known simply Phibun in Western, was Prime Minister and virtual military dictator of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957.  The Siamese military, now led by Major General Phibun as Defense Minister, and the civilian liberals led by Pridi as Foreign Minister, worked together harmoniously for several years, but when Phibun became prime minister in December 1938 this co-operation broke down, and military domination became more overt.  Phibun was an admirer of Benito Mussolini, and his regime soon developed some fascist characteristics.  In early 1939 forty political opponents, both monarchists and democrats, were arrested, and eighteen were executed.  Others were exiled.  Phibun launched a demagogic campaign against the Chinese business class.  Chinese schools and newspapers were closed, and taxes on Chinese businesses increased.  Popular slogans were constantly aired.  Phibun's picture was seen everywhere.  Also in 1939, Phibun changed the country's name from Siam to Prathet Thai, or Thailand, meaning "land of the free."  This was a nationalist gesture: it implied the unity of all the Tai-speaking peoples, including the Lao and the Shan, but excluding the Chinese.  The regime's slogan became "Thailand for the Thai."  Modernization was also an important theme and from 1939 to 1942 he issued a set of twelve Cultural Mandates. In addition to requiring that all Thais salute the flag, know the National Anthem, and speak the national language, the mandates also encouraged Thais to work hard, stay informed on current events, and to dress in a western fashion.  By 1941 it became illegal, among other things, to ridicule those who attempted to promote national customs.  The program also encompassed fine arts. Nationalistic plays and films were sponsored by the government.  Often these depicted a glorious past when Thai warriors fearlessly gained freedom for the country, defended their honor, or sacrificed themselves.  Patriotism was taught in schools and was a recurrent theme in songs and dances.  At the same time, Phibun worked rigorously to rid society of its royalist influences - traditional royal holidays were replaced with new national events, royal and aristocratic titles were abandoned.

In 1940, most of France was occupied by Nazi Germany, and Phibun immediately set out to avenge Siam's humiliations by France in 1893 and 1904, when the French had redrawn the borders of Siam with Laos and Cambodia by forcing a series of treaties.  For that purpose, the Thai government needed Japanese assistance against France, which was secured through the Treaty between Thailand and Japan, concluded in June 1940.  Also concluded in 1940 was the British-Thai Non-Aggression Pact between the governments of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Thailand.  On 7/18 1940, the British government had accepted Japanese demands for closing the Burma Road for three months to prevent war supplies to China.  As the government of Thailand was now becoming aligned with the Japanese, the British government concluded the pact with Bangkok so as not to antagonize Tokyo.  Pridi Banomyong (5/11, 1900 – 5/2, 1983) was a left-leaning Thai politician subordinated by Philbun

(Allied puppet) Seni Pramoj became Prime Minister in 1945, and promptly restored the name Siam as a symbol of Thailand.  However, he found his position at the head of a cabinet packed with Pridi's loyalists quite uncomfortable.  Democratic elections were held in January 1946.  These were the first elections in which political parties were legal, and Pridi's People's Party and its allies won a majority.  In March 1946 Pridi became Siam's first democratically elected Prime Minister.  In 1947 he agreed to hand back the French territory occupied in 1940 as the price for admission to the United Nations, the dropping of all wartime claims against Siam and a substantial package of American aid.

In December 1945, the young king Ananda Mahidol had returned to Siam from Europe, but in July 1946 he was found shot dead in his bed, under mysterious circumstances.  In April 1948 the army brought Phibun back from exile and made him Prime Minister.  Pridi in turn was driven into exile, eventually settling in Beijing as a guest of the People's Republic of China.

Phibun's return to power coincided with the onset of the Cold War and the establishment of a Communist regime in North Vietnam.  He soon won the support of the U.S., beginning a long tradition of U.S.-backed military regimes in Thailand (as the country was again renamed in July 1949, this time permanently).  Phibun's career ended 9/17, 1957.  Thailand had formally become a U.S. ally in 1954 with the formation of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).  While the war in Indochina was being fought between the Vietnamese and the French, Thailand (disliking both equally) stayed aloof, but once it became a war between the U.S. and the Vietnamese Communists, Thailand committed itself strongly to the U.S. side, concluding a secret agreement with the U.S. in 1961, sending troops to Vietnam and Laos, and allowing the U.S. to open airbases in the east of the country to conduct its bombing war against North Vietnam.  The Vietnamese retaliated by supporting the Communist Party of Thailand's insurgency in the north, northeast and sometime in the south, where guerillas co-operated with local discontented Muslims.

 This was plastered on Jewish shops in Portland, Oregon during 1938.

1938 Jewish journalist Philip Slomovitz revealed that Franklin D. Roosevelt was a bit Jewish, or perhaps his wife (also a distant cousin) was a bit Jewish.  He also attempted to prove The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, was a fraud. The magazine insisted a rejoinder was published, that attempted to prove the Protocols were genuine.  

  "Germany, An antisemitic sign at a road junction. ..."He steals the soul and sucks the blood, so be constantly on guard against the Jew" Yad Vashem

1938 - "Six million Jews at this moment are trapped like rats" - - Selig Brodetsky, president Board of Deputies of British Jews

1939         1939         1939         1939